初级中学状语从句考点归纳.docx
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初级中学状语从句考点归纳
状语从句
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。
它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。
从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
1.时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when,as(当..时候),while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。
例如:
HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.
Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.
(2)在时间状语从句里,主句用将来时态时,从句通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
(主将从现)例如:
I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.
Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.
Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间性动词。
例如:
Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.
Let’swaituntiltherainstops.
Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.
Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.
2.条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless(除非)引导。
例如:
Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?
Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.
(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
(主将从现)例如:
(必考)
I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifIamfreetomorrow.
Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.
(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
例如:
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.
Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.
=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
3.原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。
例如:
Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.
Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.
Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.
(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。
Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。
As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。
由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。
例如:
------Whyaren’tgoingthere?
------BecauseIdon’twantto.
Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.
Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4.结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that引导。
例如:
Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.
Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.
(2)so…that与such...that可以互换(可能会考)。
例如:
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。
其结构是:
“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。
例如:
Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。
如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。
例如:
Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
例如:
Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.
=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.
(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。
例如:
Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.
Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as(否定notso/as...as),比较级+than…等连词引导。
例如:
TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.
Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.
6.目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。
例如:
Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.
Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.
Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.
(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。
区别这两种从句的办法有两个:
1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。
2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。
例如:
Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)
Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)
7.让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。
例如:
Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.
AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.
(2)although(though)与but不能用在同一个句子中。
例如:
我们不能说:
Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
应该说:
Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
8.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。
例如:
Gowhereyoulike.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
易混引导词
while,when的区别:
1.when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用,也可以指"时间段",与延续性动词连用(=while)。
如:
Whenhecamein,hismotherwascooking.
When(While)wewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.
While表示时间段,因此,while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
如:
Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking. 2.Because,as,since的区别:
Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题,语气最强;As用于说明原因,着重点在主句,常译成"由于";since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实,常译成"既然"。
如:
Waterisveryimportantbecausewecan'tlivewithoutit.
Hedidn'tcomeyesterdayashismotherwasill.
I'lldoitforyousinceyouarebusy.
【实例解析】
1.Youwillstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.
A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where
2.---Shallwegoonworking?
---Yes,_________Iprefertohavearest.
A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though
3.Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_________theytoldusaboutit.
A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though
4.---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear!
---Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.
A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till
考点精炼
一.单项填空
1._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.
A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So
2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?
---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.
A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe
3.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup______him.
A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelp
C.willfall;helpD.falls;helping
4.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who
5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.
A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming
6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.
A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after
7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.
A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because
8.I’llgoswimmingwithyouifI________freetomorrow.
A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was
9.Intheexam,the________youare,______the_______mistakesyouwillmake.
A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewest
C.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less
10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_______yougoouttopaly.
A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while
11.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.
A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless
12.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though
13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_______allthestudentscouldhearhim.
A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder
14.Hetookoffhiscoat_______hefelthot.
A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since
15.Itis______thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.
A.alovelydayB.toolovelyaday
C.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday
16.Maryhad______muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.
A.suchB.soC.tooD.very
17._______Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.
A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif
18.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.
A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As
19.______wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.
A.SolongasB.Inorderthat
C.NomatterhowD.Themoment
20.Writetomeassoonasyou________toBeijing.
A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got
真题演练
(2010河北省卷42.1)Peterlikesreadinganewspaper_________heishavingbreakfast.
A.untilB.whileC.becauseD.though
(2010.江苏省盐城市12.1)Manystudentsdidn'trealizetheimportanceofstudy_____theyleftschool.
A.whenB.untilC.asD.after
(2010四川省内江市39.1)Idon'tknowifit______tomorrow.Ifit______,wewon'tgoonapicnic.
A.rains;rainsB.willrain;rainsC.willrain;willrain
(2010山东省潍坊市29.1)Youhavetoleavenow________youcancatchtheearlybus.
A.sothatB.assoonasC.becauseD.if
(2010浙江省衢州市23.1)Youshouldgooveryourtestpaper_____youhanditin.
A.beforeB.thoughC.becauseD.assoonas
(2010江苏省无锡市12.1)Scientistssayitmaybeafewyears______itispossibletotestthenewmedicineonpatients.
A.becauseB.afterC.beforeD.since
(2010年上海市37.1)Wewillhavenowatertodrink_______wedon'tprotecttheearth.
A.untilB.beforeC.thoughD.if
(2010江苏省扬州市41)-Couldweplayfootballinyourplayground,Sir?
-No,_______youhavetheprincipal'spermission(校长许可).
A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since
(2010四川省成都市35.1)Iwon'tbeabletounderstandwhatyousay,_______youspeaktooquickly.
A.ifB.thoughC.because
(2010浙江省湖州市22,1)-Iseveryoneheretoday?
-No.Tomisathome_____hehasgotabadcold.
A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.unless
(2010山西省27,1)Insummer,foodgoesbadeasily________itisputintherefrigerator.
A.untilB.ifC.unless
(2010河南省25,1)________it'sdifficulttomakeherdreamcometrue,shenevergivesup
A.ThoughB.UnlessC.BecauseD.If
(2010山东省莱芜市27,1)-IhearJackChanwillcometoLaiwunextweek.
-Really?
_______hecomes,myyoungersisterwillbeveryhappy,
A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.Before
(2010贵州省铜仁市35,1)-MayIgototheconcertwithyou?
-I'mafraidnot____youhaveaticket,becauseIhaveonlyone.
A.sinceB.ifC.unlessD.though
(2010山东省菏泽市27,1)Maryspendsalotofmoneyonclothes_______herfamilyisnotrich.
A.becauseB.thoughC.ifD.so
(2010黑龙江省鸡西市29,1)Usually,wedon'tknowhowimportantsomethingis______weloseit.
A.orB.untilC.assoonas
(2010广西省定西市15,1)Shehadastomachache________sheatesomethingbad.
A.soB.becauseC.orD.although
(2010福建三明29.1)Manychildrenlikefriedchicken_______itisunhealthyfood.
A.ifB.becauseC.although
(2010广西南宁32.1)Mr.Brownknewnothingaboutthegoodnews______hiswifetoldittohim.
A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.if
(2010四川达州29.1)Idon'tknowifJack________.Ifhe________,callme,please.
A.willcome;willcomesB.comes;come
C.comes;willcomeD.willcome;comes
(2010天津市41,1)Wewon'tstartthemeeting______ourteacherarrives.
A.thoughB.untilC.whileD.or
(2010青海省宁夏33,1)-Didyoucatchwhattheteachers