高考英语考前刷题大卷练八.docx
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高考英语考前刷题大卷练八
刷题大卷练(八)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
[2019·武汉市质检]
Sometimeswestartadaywiththepreviousdaystillinmind.Wethinkaboutthemistakeswemadeinthepreviousday,howthingswentwrong,andhowwefeltbadaboutit.Nowonderitbecomesdifficulttofocusonthecurrentday.
Herearesomestepsonhowtostartyournewday:
1.Taketimetoevaluateyourday
Attheendofaday,takesometimetothinkaboutit.Thepurposeofthisthinkingtimeisnottoregrethowbadyourdaywas,howthingswentwrong,orhowpeopletreatedyoubadly.Thiswon'tdoyouanygood.Instead,thepurposeofthisthinkingtimeistoextract(获得)lessonswhichyoucanbringtothefollowingday.
2.Makeacommitmenttoapplythelessons
Afteryouextractthelessons,youshouldmakeacommitmenttoapplythem.Todoso,findsomeactionablethingsyoucandotoapplythelessons.Next,remindyourselftodothem.Youmaywritethemdownifyouwantto.
3.“Close”yourday
Afteryouhavespentthetimethinkingaboutthedayandextractingthelessons,makeadecisionto“close”theday.Youaredonewithit;don'tthinkaboutitanymore.
4.Bringonlythelessonstothenextdayandnothingelse
Afteryou“close”aday,youshouldnotbringanythingoutofittothenextdayexceptforthelessonsyouextract.Focusonapplyingthelessonstothepresent.Thiswayyouwillbeabletostartyourdaywithouttheburdenofyesterday.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了如何开始你新的一天。
【难句分析】 Instead,thepurposeofthisthinkingtimeistoextract(获得)lessonswhichyoucanbringtothefollowingday.
分析:
本句是一个主从复合句,其中which引导定语从句,修饰先行词lessons。
译文:
相反,这个思考时间的目的是获得你可以带到第二天的经验。
1.Whatwillhappenifwethinktoomuchaboutthepast?
A.Therewillbeadisaster.
B.Therewillbegoodresults.
C.Wewon'thaveapeacefulmind.
D.Wesurelywon'tfinishtoday'stask.
答案与解析:
C 考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Wethinkaboutthemistakeswemadeinthepreviousday,howthingswentwrong,andhowwefeltbadaboutit.Nowonderitbecomesdifficulttofocusonthecurrentday”可推知,如果我们对过去想得太多,我们将不会有一颗平静的心。
2.Whenshouldwedrawlessonsfromthepastmistakes?
A.Attheendofaday.
B.Whenwemakemistakes.
C.Atthebeginningofaday.
D.Whenweregretmakingmistakes.
答案与解析:
A 考查细节理解。
根据“Taketimetoevaluateyourday”中的“Attheendofaday,takesometimetothinkaboutit”“thepurposeofthisthinkingtimeistoextract(获得)lessonswhichyoucanbringtothefollowingday”可知,我们应该在一天结束的时候从过去的错误中吸取教训。
3.Whyshouldweextractlessonsfromthepastday?
A.Tosetthemdown.
B.Toconsiderthemagain.
C.Tomakeabetterdecision.
D.Toapplythemtothepresent.
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Focusonapplyingthelessonstothepresent.Thiswayyouwillbeabletostartyourdaywithouttheburdenofyesterday”可知,我们从过去的一天获得经验以供现在使用。
B
Forchildren,eatingwiththeirfamiliesisnotonlyaboutpreventingbadoutcomes-itisalsoaboutdevelopinggoodones.Severalstudieshavelookedatthelongtermeffectseatingwithfamilieshasonchildren.Expertssaythatthesestudiesdonotseemtoproveacauseandeffectrelationship.However,theydosuggestastrongcorrelation.
Aboutthreeyearsago,theOrganisationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)lookedatdatafromnearlythreequartersoftheworld'scountries.Amongitsfindingswasthefactthatstudentswhosharedamainmealwiththeirfamilieswerelesslikelytoskipschool.
Childrenwhoeatamainmealwiththeirfamiliesarealsolesslikelytobebadlybehaved.ThatisafindingofastudybyTheNationalCenteronAddictionandSubstanceAbuse(CASA)atColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.IntheCASAreport,titled“TheImportanceofFamilyDinnersⅧ”,researcherssay,“Teenswhohavefrequentfamilydinnersaremorelikelytosaytheirparentsknowalotaboutwhat'sreallygoingonintheirlives...”Theyalsoclaimthatwhenteenssaytheyfeelclosertotheirparents,theyarelesslikelytobehavebadly.
AnotherstudyfromtheUniversityofMontrealfoundthatchildrenwhoatewiththeirfamiliesexperiencelongtermphysicalandmentalhealthbenefits.Thesechildrenwerephysicallyinbettershapeanddrankfewersugarysoftdrinks.Theyalsoseemedtohavebettersocialskills.
Oneresearcher,LindaPaganisaysthatthereis“ahandfulofresearchsuggestingapositivelinkbetweeneatingfamilymealstogetherfrequentlyandchildandadolescenthealth”.Paganisaysthatmealtimessharedwithparents“likelyprovideyoungchildrenwithfirsthandsocialinteraction,discussionsofsocialaffairsanddaytodayconcerns”.Sheaddsthattheymaylikelyhelpthechildrenhavebettercommunicationskillswithothers.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了与家人一起进餐对孩子的好处,这不但能防止不良后果的发生,而且能帮助孩子形成好的习惯。
这种关系已被多项科学研究所证明。
【长难句分析】 1.Severalstudieshavelookedatthelongtermeffectseatingwithfamilieshasonchildren.
分析:
本句是主从复合句,句子看似简单,但理解起来有一定的难度。
主句是Severalstudieshavelookedatthelongtermeffects,其后是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰先行词longtermeffects。
译文:
有几项研究探索了与家人一同进餐对孩子的长期影响。
2.Amongitsfindingswasthefactthatstudentswhosharedamainmealwiththeirfamilieswerelesslikelytoskipschool.
分析:
这是一个复合句。
that引导的是同位语从句,说明fact的具体内容;who引导定语从句修饰students。
同时主句是一个完全倒装句,是表语和系动词前置引起的全部倒装。
译文:
其发现之一是与家人共进正餐的学生逃学的可能性更小。
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correlation”mean?
A.effectB.cause
C.outcomeD.tie
答案与解析:
D 考查词义猜测。
文章第一段中谈到,研究似乎并没有证明两者之间有着必然的因果关系,但是作者笔锋一转,引出它们之间还是有一定关系(tie)的。
下文也从多个角度说明了这种联系。
5.InwhichaspectcaneatingtogetherinfluencechildrenaccordingtotheOECD?
A.Academicperformance.B.Physicalhealth.
C.Mentalhealth.D.Socialskills.
答案与解析:
A 考查推理判断。
根据题干的OECD把线索定位到文章第二段,第二段最后一句说明与家人共进正餐的学生逃学的可能性更小,所以可推知,是否一起进餐对学生的学业水平有影响,故选A项。
6.HowdochildrenbenefitfromeatingfamilymealstogetheraccordingtoPagani?
A.Byhavinghealthyfoodanddrinks.
B.Byforminggoodeatinghabits.
C.Bybecomingmoresocial.
D.Byunderstandingtheirparents'life.
答案与解析:
C 考查细节理解。
根据文章最后一段中的“likelyprovideyoungchildrenwithfirsthandsocialinteraction,discussionsofsocialaffairsanddaytodayconcerns”“theymaylikelyhelpthechildrenhavebettercommunicationskillswithothers”可知,Pagani认为跟家人一起进餐能让孩子亲身接触社交,并参与对社会事务的讨论等,这很可能帮助孩子跟他人更好地交流。
由此可知,Pagani认为孩子可以通过跟家人一起用餐来提高自己的交际能力,故选C项。
7.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?
A.Easytipsoneatingfamilymeals.
B.Benefitsoffamilydinnerstochildren.
C.Linksbetweeneatingtogetherandchildhealth.
D.Findingsofstudiesaboutenjoyingfamilydinners.
答案与解析:
B 考查主旨大意。
这篇文章的主题是与家人一起进餐对孩子的好处,故B项概括得最为全面。
C
[2019·湖北八中联考]
CokewasintroducedbytheCocaColacompanyin1886,makingitarathertrueandtestedfavoriteofgenerationsofpeopleinover200countries.Thislistshouldgiveyousomeideasonhowtogetmorefromyourcokethanusual.
1.CocaColaisanexcellentrustbuster(除锈剂).Ifyouhaveabunchofsmallrustyobjects,putthemincokeovernightandgivethemagoodscrubinthemorning.Cokehelpstobreakdowntherust,makingcleaningmucheasier.Besuretothrowouttheusedcokewhenyouaredonewithitoryoumightbetakingatriptothedoctor.
2.Likethepreviousitem,thecitricacid(柠檬酸)incokemakesforanexcellentwindowcleaner.Thisisespeciallyusefulforcarwindows.Pouracanofcokeoverthewindowandrubthewindow,thenwipeitoffwithawetclothtoremoveanysugarymatterfromthesugarinthedrink.Ascokeisfullofsugar,youshouldcleanthestickymatteroffthewindowglasses,oritwillbenotacleanerbutadirt.
3.Forthoseofyouwholiveinareaswhereskunk(臭鼬)smellscanbeanissuefromtimetotime,onecanofcokeaddedtowaterwithdetergent(清洁剂)reallyhelpstobreakthesmelldown.Ifyouhavebeensprayed,standintheshowerandcoveryourselffromheadtotoewithcoke—waitforafewminutes,thenwashyourselfwithashower.Cokeisanexcellenthairtreatmentsoyougettwotipsforthepriceofonewiththisitem!
4.Potscansometimesgetblackonthebottom.Theblackisalmostimpossibletoremove;thisiscausedbyovercooking.Toremovetheblackandrenewyourpot,pourinacanofcoke(orasmuchasyouneedtocovertheblackenedareabyaninch)andputitonthestoveonalowheat.Afteranhourorso,washthepotasnormal.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了可口可乐在日常生活中的一些妙用。
【亮点句积累】CokewasintroducedbytheCocaColacompanyin1886,makingitarathertrueandtestedfavoriteofgenerationsofpeopleinover200countries.(第一段第一句)
译文:
可乐于1886年被可口可乐公司引进,这使它成为在200多个国家中几代人的相当真实且被验证过的最爱。
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scrub”inParagraph2probablymean?
A.Start.B.Cleaning.
C.Shake.D.Example.
答案与解析:
B 考查词义猜测。
根据第二段内容可知,如果你有一堆生锈的小物件,把它们放在可乐里泡一个晚上,第二天早上好好清洁一下,铁锈就能被除去。
由此可推知,scrub意为“清洁”,故选B项。
9.Whatisimportantwhileusingcoketocleancarwindows?
A.Useadrycloth.
B.Rubthewindowlightly.
C.Don'tpourtoomuchcoke.
D.Cleanthesugarymatterthoroughly.
答案与解析:
D 考查细节理解。
由第三段最后一句“Ascokeisfullofsugar,youshouldcleanthestickymatteroffthewindowglasses,oritwillbenotacleanerbutadirt.”可知,用可口可乐清洗车窗时,把含糖物质完全擦干净很重要,故选D项。
10.Forwhichpurposedoescokehavetobemixedwithothermaterial?
A.Togetridoftheblackonthepot.
B.Tobreakdowntherust.
C.Toremovesmells.
D.Tocleanwindows.
答案与解析:
C 考查细节理解。
由第四段第一句“Forthoseofyouwholiveinareaswhereskunk(臭鼬)smellscanbeanissuefromtimetotime,onecanofcokeaddedtowaterwithdetergent(清洁剂),reallyhelpstobreakthesmelldown.”可知,为了去除异味,可乐应与其他物质混合,故选C项。
11.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?
A.Anadvertisement.B.Areview.
C.Anewsreport.D.Apracticalguide.
答案与解析:
D 考查推理判断。
通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了可口可乐在日常生活中的一些妙用;由此可推知,本文最有可能是一篇生活指南,故选D项。
D
[2019·西宁检测]
Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeensearchingforsignsoflifeonotherplanets.Mostofthesesearcheshavebeendoneovertheradio.Thehopeis