英语山东省泰安市届高三第一轮复习质量检测.docx
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英语山东省泰安市届高三第一轮复习质量检测
山东省泰安市2018届高三第一轮复习质量检测
英语试题
本试卷由四个部分组成。
其中,第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。
第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题,共12页。
试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项:
1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2.答选择题时,每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3.答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?
A.Enjoythebeautifulday.
B.Washsomeclothes.
C.Workinthebackyard.
2.Whichtrainwillthewomantake?
A.The10:
05one.B.The10:
15one.C.the10:
20one.
3.Whatdothespeakersthinkofthechemistrycourse?
A.Well-organized.B.Unsatisfactory.C.Interesting.
4.Whatpatternisontheman’snewT-shirt?
A.Somecircles.B.Somewords.C.Somecrosses.
5.WherewillthewomangoonSaturday?
A.Toashoppingmall.B.Totheseaside.C.Toacinema.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话,回答第6和第7两个小题。
6.WhatwilltheweatherbelikethisWeekend?
A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Windy.
7.Whatisthewomangoingtodonextweekend?
A.Workovertime.B.Stayathome.C.Gotothebeach.
听下面一段对话,回答第8和第9两个小题。
8.Whyisthemanunhappy?
A.Hedidbadlyinhispaper.
B.Hehateswritingclasses.
C.Hedislikeshisteacher.
9.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?
A.Changeacourse.
B.Talktohisteacher.
C.Giveupwritingpapers.
听下面一段对话,回答第10至第12三个小题。
10.Whydoesn’tthewomandothegardening?
A.Shedislikesworkinginthegarden.
B.Sheisnotfeelingverywell.
C.Shewantstosavetrouble.
11.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Gardenerandbuyer.B.Oldfriends.C.Neighbors.
12.Whatwillthewomandonext?
A.Havesomecoffeewiththeman.
B.Makethemanachocolatecake.
C.Givethemansomemoney.
听下面一段对话,回答第13至第16四个小题。
13.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
A.Howtobeagoodmother.
B.Howtoeatproperly.
C.Howtohandlestress.
14.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?
A.Shedoesexerciseregularly.
B.Shehastwolittleboys.
C.Sheoftenovereats.
15.Howlongdoesthewomansleeppernight?
A.About6hours.B.About8hours.C.About9hours.
16.Whatdoesthewomanprefertodo?
A.Runwiththedog.
B.Cookdifferentcookies.
C.Eatapieceofdarkchocolate.
听下面一段独白,回答第17至第20四个小题。
17.Whomightthespeakerbe?
A.Adoctor.B.Aprofessor.C.Amedicalsecretary.
18.WhatdoesthespeakerwantMs.Browntodo?
A.Callbackwhenshecan.
B.Getsometestsassoonaspossible.
C.Comebacktotheofficerightaway.
19.Whatisthespeaker’sadvice?
A.Avoidingsunexposure.
B.Doingmoreexercise.
C.Drivingaslittleaspossible.
20.Accordingtothespeakerwhatdomostpeopledoforabadsunburn?
A.Putonsuncream.
B.Gotothehospital.
C.Takesomemedicine.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C~D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ifyou’veevernoticeduneasinessinyourpuppyaroundanunwelcomehouseguest,youmightbeontosomething.Anewstudyfoundthatdogscanreallysensebadbehaviorinhumans,andarelesslikelytoaccepttreatsfromthosepeople.
Forthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJanuaryeditionofNeuroscience&biobehavioralReviews,researcherssetupasceneinwhichadogwatchedhisownertrytoopenacontainerwhiletwoactorswereonset.Inaseriesofthreetriesoneoftheactorswouldhelptheowneropenthecontainer,respondneutrally(中立地),orrefusetohelpopenthecontainer.Theotheractorrespondedpassivelyinallthreetries.Ateachendofthetry,bothactorswouldofferthedogatreatatthesametime.Inthetrieswheretheworkingactorhadrespondedeitherhelpfullyorneutrally,thedogwasequallylikelytoacceptatreatfromeitherofthetwoactors.Inthethirdtrywherehehadrespondedrudely,thedogwasmorelikelytochoosethepassiveactor.
JamesAnderson,apsychologistwhoworkedonthestudyatKyotoUniversity,toldtheNewScientistthatthedogsmostlikelyhaveasimilarabilitytonoticebadbehaviorinhumansashumanbabiesdo.“Ifsomebodyisbehavingbadly,theyprobablyendupwithsomesortofemotionalreactiontoit,”hesays.Babieshavebeenshowntobegintomakethesetypesofconnectionsaroundageone.
Sowhileyoucan’taskyourdog’sopinioneverytimeyou’refacingadifficultsituation,youcanconsiderhisjudgmentofyournewfriendswhenthinkingaboutwhethertheyarekindornot.Ofcourse,we’11suggestdoingsoaccordingtothesituationandyourownconsideration,butitwouldn’thurttotakenote!
21.Whatdoesthenewstudymainlyshow?
A.Dogscanreadhumans’thoughts.
B.Dogsareunwillingtoaccepttreatsfrompeople
C.Dogscansenseunfriendlinessofhumans.
D.Dogsfeeluneasyaroundstrangepeople.
22.Inthethirdtry,whywasthedogmorelikelytochoosethepassiveactor?
A.Thedogwantedtopleasehim.
B.Histreatsappearedmoreattractive.
C.Hisactionstayedthesameduringthreetries.
D.Thedogconsideredtheotheractorrude.
23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”they”inParagraph3referto?
A.Humans.B.Dogs.C.Babies.D.Psychologies.
B
Honestyisthebestpolicy.Wemayagreethatadmittingmistakesandbehavinginagenuinewayistherightwaytoleadourlives,butistheresomethinginourhumannaturethatmakesusimmoral?
Forexample,insomeshopsandcarparksyoucanfindanhonestybox—aboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit—butitreliesonyouputtingtherightamountofcashin.Thisreliesonpeoplebeinghonestandnottryingtocheatbutitdoesprovideatemptationtogetawaywithnotpayingthefullamount.
PhilipGraves,apsychologist,suggeststhatthistemptationispartofourevolution.Hesays:
“Wehaveevolvedwiththeabilitytobedishonest.It'spartofourevolutionarypsychologicalmake-up-becauseifwecangainanadvantageoverthepeoplearoundus,wehaveagreaterchanceofsurviving.”
Sowhydoweplacesuchimportanceonbeinghonestifwebenefitfrombeingdishonest?
It’sbecauseitisselfishbehavior.Ifeverybodyactedselfishlyanddishonestlyallthetime,theworldwouldbeaveryunpleasantplace.AsPhilipGravessays:
“Thereisabalancetostrikebetweentheextenttowhichwecanfeatherourownnest,sotospeak,andtheriskofbeingostracized(排斥)bythegroup.”So,forsocietiestoworktogetherweneedtotrusteachotherandthereforeweneedtobehonest.
Beingtrustworthywithmoneyisofcoursevitalforaneconomytosurvive.Butbeinghonestwithwordsisanothermatter,sayingwhatwethinktosomeonecangetusintohotwater.However,anewanonymousmessagingapphasbeendesignedthatletsanyonewithalinktoyourprofile(简介)tosendyouamessagewithoutknowingwhoit’sfrom.Theappnowhas300millionuserswhichperhapsindicateshowhonestwereallyliketobe—butinallhonesty,doyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplethinkaboutyou?
Ishonestyalwaysthebestpolicy?
24.Whatdoesanhonestyboxrequirepeopletodo?
A.Getthechangeoutofitfreely.
B.Putthecorrectamountofmoneyinit.
C.Donatethepocketmoneytoothers.
D.Payalargeramountofmoney.
25.AccordingtoPhilipGraves,beingdishonest________.
A.isadisadvantage
B.shouldbeadvocated
C.ispartofourevolution
D.helpspeoplesurvive,better
26.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A.Thereasonforbeinghonest
B.Thebenefitofbeingdishonest
C.Theoutcomeofselfishness
D.Theimportanceofgroupwork
27.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A.Honestyisalwaysthebestpolicy.
B.Theauthorisinfavorofdishonesty.
C.Themarketofthenewappispromising.
D.Beinghonestwithwordsissometimesimproper.
C
ThemostpowerfulrockettoleaveEarthsincetheApollomissionslaunched(发射)fromFloridaonFebruary6.
Whatwasthelaunchtryingtoachieve?
TheFalcon(猎鹰)Heavytestflightwasmostlyaproof-of-concept,showingtheworlditispossibletosuccessfullyflyarocketwiththreere-usableboosters(助推器)beyondorbit.SpaceXbillionaireElonMusksaidthatthecompanyplannedtoaimtherocketsotheelectriccarreachedMars’(火星)orbitalpatharoundthesunaboutsixmonthsafterlaunch.
Headdedthatthecarcouldpassclosetotheredplanetasitcrosseditsorbit,thoughheadmittedthiswas‘extremelyunlikely’.
WhatdoesSpaceXgainfromtheflight?
SpaceXwasbuiltaroundtheideathatreusablerocketscouldgreatlyreducethecostofcarryingcargo(货物)intospaceforpayingcustomers,suchassatellitesorspacestationresupplies.
ShowingthatthehugeFalconHeavyrocketactuallyworksisimportantifSpaceXplanstosellcargospaceonthecraftinfuture,withthecompanyplanningtochargecustomers$90millionperflight.
HasSpaceXachieveditsgoals?
MuskrepeatedlywarnedFalconHeavywouldlikelyexplodeonthelaunchstationasaresultofitshugepower.SpaceXhadslightlyovercookedoneoftherocket’sboosterburns,sendingthemaincapsuleoutofitsplannedtrack.Thecarwilllikelyendupfurtherintothesolarsystemthanintended,missingMars.
Inshort,therocketmadeitbeyondEarth’sorbit—SpaceX’sprimarygoal—butmisseditstargetstore-landallthreeboostersandsendMusk’sTeslatoMars.
Doesthatmatter?
SpaceX’sfailuretore-landallthreeofitsboosterswillbeaconcernforpotentialcustomers.Despitethefaults,thelaunchhasstillbeenpraisedbyindustryexpertsasagame—changerbecauseofitspotentialtomotivatethecompanytotheveryforefrontofthemoderndayspacerace.
Onceitironsouttheerrors,SpaceXwilloffercargoridesaboardthemostpowerfuloperationalrocketintheworld.
28.WhydidSpaceXlaunchtheFalconHeavy—themostpowerfulrocket?
A.Toflyarocketwiththreere-u