新概念第三册课文精读详解6.docx
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新概念第三册课文精读详解6
Lesson21DanielMendoza
丹尼尔•门多萨
一、【Text】课文
BoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEnglandtwohundredyearsago.Inthosedays,boxersfoughtwithbarefistsforPrizemoney.Becauseofthis,theywereknownas'prizefighters'.However,boxingwasverycrude,fortherewerenorulesandaprizefightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredorevenkilledduringamatch.
OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistorywasDanielMendozawhowasbornin1764.Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860whentheMarquisofQueensberrydrewupthefirstsetofrules.Thoughhewastechnicallyaprizefighter,Mendozadidmuchtochangecrudeprizefightingintoasport,forhebroughtsciencetothegame.Inhisday,Mendozaenjoyedtremendouspopularity.Hewasadoredbyrichandpooralike.
Mendozarosetofameswiftlyafteraboxingmatchwhenhewasonlyfourteenyearsold.ThisattractedtheattentionofRichardHumphrieswhowasthenthemosteminentboxerinEngland.HeofferedtotrainMendozaandhisyoungpupilwasquicktolearn.Infact,MendozasoonbecamesosuccessfulthatHumphriesturnedagainsthim.Thetwomenquarrelledbitterlyanditwasclearthattheargumentcouldonlybesettledbyafight.AmatchwasheldatStiltonwherebothmenfoughtforanhour.ThepublicbetagreatdealofmoneyonMendoza,buthewasdefeated.MendozametHumphriesintheringonalateroccasionandhelostforasecondtime.Itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecameChampionofEngland.Meanwhile,hefoundedahighlysuccessfulAcademyandevenLordByronbecameoneofhispupils.Heearnedenormoussumsofmoneyandwaspaidasmuchas&100forasingleappearance.Despitethis,hewassoextravagantthathewasalwaysindebt.AfterhewasdefeatedbyaboxercalledGentlemanJackson,hewasquicklyforgotten.Hewassenttoprisonforfailingtopayhisdebtsanddiedinpovertyin1836.
二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语
●boxing n.拳击
●boxer n.拳击手
●bare adj.赤裸的
●prizefightern.职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
●crude adj.粗野的
●marquis n.侯爵
●technically adv.严格根据法律意义地
●science n.科学
●popularity n.名望
●adore v.崇拜，爱戴
●alike adv.一样地
●fame n.名声
●eminent adj.著名的，杰出的
●bitterly adv.厉害地
●bet（bet,bet;betted,betted） v.打赌
●academy n.专业学校
●extravagantadj.浪费的，奢侈
●poverty n.贫困
■boxingn.拳击
■boxern.拳击手
■bareadj.赤裸的
bare uncovered
bare（部分的）赤裸
barefist赤手空拳
barefoot光着脚的
barehanded 光着手的
barelegged光着腿的
naked全裸
He’swalkinginbarefeet.
Heisnaked.
nudeadj.光秃秃的；n.裸体（雕象，油画）
anudehillside光秃秃的山坡
■prizefightern.职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
■crudeadj.粗野的
becrudetosb对……粗鲁，无理,rude语气比crude要弱
Heiscrudetothegirl.
■marquisn.侯爵
■technicallyadv.严格根据法律意义地
■sciencen.科学
■popularityn.名望
inpopularity受欢迎，受喜爱
Instantfoodsaregettinginpopularity.即食食品越来越受欢迎。
popularsongsareinpopularity.
popularwith受人喜爱
popularity名望，受人欢迎的状态
fame出名的名声famousadj.
reputation声誉
■adorev.崇拜，爱戴
Moreandmorepeopleadorethefamousadtress.
■alikeadv.一样地
Hewasadoredbyrich,andpooralike.
Theteacherisadoredbyboy,girlandalike.
■famen.名声
■eminentadj.著名的，杰出的
eminentscientist
distinguished
■bitterlyadv.厉害地
Itisblowingbitterly.
bitter:
苦的、辛酸的、刺骨的
bitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffects良药
■bet（bet,bet;betted,betted）v.打赌
betonsth.以...打赌
betsb.that跟某人打赌
betone'sbottomdollaronsomebody对……孤注一掷
Hebethisbottomdollaronhislastattempt.
betonthewronghorse对……做出了错误的判断
Ibet我肯定，我断言
■academyn.专业学校
■extravagantadj.浪费的，奢侈
extravaganthobit
thrifty frugal economical
■povertyn.贫困
inpoverty在贫困当中
indigence贫困（正式）
destitution赤贫
penury诘据
三、【课文精析】
inpopularity
foughtwithbarefists:
赤手空拳的打斗
Keysentence:
OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistorywasDanielMendozawhowasbornin1764.
oneofthemostfamouspeople
introduce:
bringin
PotatoswereintroducedintoEuropefromSouthAmerica.
drewup:
制定，起草
Sb.didmuchtodosth.
inhisfulltime inhisgoodday
risetofame=becomefamous
attractsb.’ssttention == attracttheattentionofsb.
turnagainstsb 与……反目成仇
severely
Keysentence:
Itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecameChampion.
asmuchas多达
indebt:
欠债
Lesson22Byheart熟记台词
一、【Text】课文
Someplaysaresosuccessfulthattheyrunforyearsonend.Inmanyways,thisisunfortunateforthepooractorswhoarerequiredtogoonrepeatingthesamelinesnightafternight.Onewouldexpectthemtoknowtheirpartsbyheartandneverhavecausetofalter.Yetthisisnotalwaysthecase.
AfamousactorinahighlysuccessfulplaywasoncecastintheroleofanaristocratwhohadbeenimprisonedintheBastillefortwentyyears.Inthelastact,agaolerwouldalwayscomeontothestagewithaletterwhichhewouldhandtotheprisoner.Eventhoughthenoblewasexpectedtoreadtheletterateachperformance,healwaysinsistedthatitshouldbewrittenoutinfull.
Onenight,thegaolerdecidedtoplayajokeonhiscolleaguetofindoutif,aftersomanyperformances,hehadmanagedtolearnthecontentsoftheletterbyheart.Thecurtainwentuponthefinalactoftheplayandrevealedthearistocratsittingalonebehindbarsinhisdarkcell.Justthen,thegaolerappearedwiththepreciousletterinhishands.Heenteredthecellandpresentedthelettertothearistocrat.Butthecopyhegavehimhadnotbeenwrittenoutinfullasusual.Itwassimplyablanksheetofpaper.Thegaolerlookedoneagerly,anxioustoseeifhisfellowactorhadatlastlearnthislines.Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.Then,squintinghiseyes,hesaid:
'Thelightisdim.Readthelettertome.'Andhepromptlyhandedthesheetofpapertothegaoler.Findingthathecouldnotrememberawordofthelettereither,thegaolerreplied:
'Thelightisindeeddim,sire.Imustgetmyglasses.'Withthis,hehurriedoffthestage.Muchtothearistocrat'samusement,thegaolerreturnedafewmomentslaterwithapairofglassesandtheusualcopyoftheletterwhichheproceededtoreadtotheprisoner.
二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语
●run v.（戏剧、电影等）
●lines n.（剧本中的）台词
●part n.剧中的角色，台词
●falter v.支吾，结巴说
●cast（cast,cast） v.选派……扮演角色
●role n.角色
●aristocrat n.贵族
●imprison v.关押
●Bastille. 巴士底狱
●gaolern.监狱长，看守连演，连映
●colleague n.同事
●curtain n.（舞台中的）幕布
●reveal v.使显露
●cell n.单人监房，监号
●blank adj. 空白的
●squint v.眯着（眼）看，瞄
●dim adj.昏暗
●sire n.（古用法）陛下
●proceed v.继续进行
■runv.（戏剧、电影等）
Thefilmissosuccessfulthatitrunsforseveralweeks.
■linesn.（剧本中的）台词
■partn.剧中的角色，台词
■faltervi.支吾，结巴说
stammer
Hehaspractisedthepoemseveraltimes,sohehasnocausetofalter.
falterv.蹒跚而行（=stgger）
Hefalteredhome.
■cast（cast,cast）v.选派……扮演角色
●rolen.角色
Theactorwascastintheroleofhero.
■aristocratn.贵族
■imprisonv.关押
putsbimprison:
关押
Hewasimprisonedfor10years.
imprisonment：
n.
sentencesbtolifeimprisonment：
判某人终生监禁
监狱：
prison,jail,gaol
把……送进监狱
sendsb.toprison==putsbinprison==throwsbintoprison
inprison坐牢
theprison监狱
Heisinprison/jail.
Heisbehindboars.
■Bastille.巴士底狱
■gaolern.监狱长，看守连演，连映
■colleaguen.同事
■curtainn.（舞台中的）幕布
■revealv.使显露
Thesecrethasn’tbeenreveald.
reveal:
揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
Acurtainwasupandrevealedthebeautifulscenery.
disclose:
揭发
discclosethetruth
discover:
发现
uncover:
揭开具体的盖子
Averytightdressrevealsthebeautifulfigure.紧身的裙子露出了漂亮的身段。
revealabeladj.可展现的
revealer:
探测器
■celln.单人监房，监号
■blankadj. 空白的
■squint.眯着（眼）看，瞄
squintone'seyes眯上眼睛
Eg.:
Hesquintedhiseyesandlookedattheletter.
pearat:
眯着眼睛看
■dimadj.昏暗
TheroomistoodimsoIcan;treadtheletter.
gloomy:
（天气，心情）抑郁的
Theweatherisgloomytoday.
Heisingloomymood.
dusky:
（天色）昏暗的
Towardseveningisgettingdusky.
murly:
（天色）漆黑的，黑暗的
Ican’tgooutatmurkynight.
misty:
多雾的，迷蒙的
Thebuildingisoutofsightonsuchamistyday.
■siren.（古用法）陛下
■proceedv.继续进行
proceedvi.particularafterstopping
proceedto/with:
进行继续某事
Let’sproceedtobusiness.
Youmustproceedwithyourwork.
proceedfrom从什么着手开始继续
Theyproceedfromlesson1.
proccedfrom起诉某人
Eg:
Hedecidedtoproceedagainsthisneighbour.
三、【课文精析】
byheart熟记台词
onend
1．==continuously:
连续的，位于具体的时间之后
Eg:
Hesatthereforhoursonend.
Wehadhardlyanythingtoeatfordaysonend.
2．==upright竖着
Eg:
Thecat'sfurstoodonend.
Igotabigshocksomyhearstoodonend.我吓了一大跳，以致于毛骨悚然。
who=actor,关系代词做主语，不能省略
Eg.:
Thestudentwhowasrequiredtorecitethepoem100timesisreallypoor.
learn/knowbyheart:
把……牢记在心
Eg.:
Thesentenceissoimportantthatyoumustlearnitbyheart.
heartandsoul全心全意的，全身心的
Eg:
Weservethestudentsheartandsoul
takeheart鼓起勇气，恢复信心
loseheart失去信心
losehearttosb=givehearttosb:
轻信于某人
Eg:
Theboylosthishearttothegirl
putone'sheartintosth:
致力于某事
Eg:
Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人
haveone'sheartinone'sboots提心吊胆
Eg:
Hehadhisheartinhisbootswhenhewentoutaloneatnight.
eventhough=evenif=though/although
ateachperformance=ateveryperformance
insist:
坚决要求，suggest:
建议，order:
命令，demand:
要求，require:
要求
表示建议/要求/希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should+动词原形的虚拟，should可以省略。
infull==fully=completely
playajoke（cheek）onsb:
开某人玩笑
onthefinalact==inthelastact
with，独立主格结构
handto==presentsth.to==
升级会员 