考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit20.docx
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考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit20
Unit20
Careanddiligencebringluck.
谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
得分统计
做题备忘
PartA
Text1
科普知识
380
/10
Text2
商业经济
425
/10
Text3
社会生活
475
/10
Text4
文化教育
457
/10
PartB
商业经济
713
/10
PartC
科普知识
415
/10
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Text1
Withadvancingage,ourbodiesexperienceaninevitablelossofbone.Twomajorstudiesinelderlypopulationsnowunderscoretheimportanceofdietaryproteininthisstructuralerosion,whichcanleadtoosteoporosis.Thereportscometosharplydifferentconclusion,however,abouttheeffectofanimalproteinontherateofboneloss.
Inonestudy,dietsrichinanimalproteincorrelatedwithgreaterbonelossandfracturerisk.Intheother,animalproteinappearedtoprotectbone.
Suchcontradictions,“whicharenotverysatisfying”,oftenemergefromobservationalstudieswhereresearchersrecordthenaturalhabitsandhealthofpeople,notesRobertP.HeaneyofCreightonUniversityMedicalCenterinOmaha,Neb.“That’snotacriticismofsuchstudies,”hesays,“justareminderoftheuncontrollablevariablescommoninpopulations.”
However,henotes,thenewstudiesareimportantbecausethey’reinthevanguardofeffortstounderstandprotein’simpactonage-relatedboneloss.ThisconditionunderliesagrowingU.S.epidemicofhipfractures.Treatingthemcostsmorethan$10billionannually.
Thefirstofthenewanalysescomputedbonelossover7yearsinsome750elderlywomen,alltakingpartinalargerosteoporosisstudythat’sbeenrunningsince1986atfourU.S.sites.
Womeneatingthemostanimalprotein—roughlyfourtimestheirvegetableproteinintake—lost0.8percentoftheboneintheirhipsannually,notesendocrinologistDeborahE.Sellmeyer,directoroftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco-MountZionOsteoporosisCenter.Thisisfourtimestherateofbonelossinparticipantswhoateaboutequalpartsanimalandvegetableprotein.
Theriskofhipfracturesinwomeneatingthehighestproportionofanimalproteinwas3.7timesthatinwomenregularlydowningequalquantitiesofanimalandvegetableprotein,theteamreportsintheJanuaryAmericaJournalofClinicalNutrition.
Thefindingsmakesense,Sellmeyerargues,becausedigestionofanimalproteinreleaseslargeamountsofacidthatthekidneysmustexcrete.Previousstudiesshowedthatwhenkidneyfunctiondecreaseswithageandcalciumintakedrops,thebodydrawsuponskeletalcalciumtobuffertheresultingbuildupofacid,thuserodingbone.Mostofthewomeninthisstudyconsumedonlyabouthalfofthe1,500milligramsofdailycalciumrecommendedforpeopletheirage.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutobservationalstudiesistrue?
[A]Theyoftenleadtocontradictiveconclusions.
[B]Theyremindpeopleoftheuncontrollablevariablesinlife.
[C]Theyareoftencriticizedbyresearchers.
[D]Researchersrecordthenaturalhabitsandhealthofpeoplebythem.
2.AccordingtoHeaney,whyarethetwostudiesimportant?
[A]BecausetheyreducethenumberofU.S.epidemicofhipfractures.
[B]Becausetheyarethefirsttostudyprotein’seffectonbonelossofelders.
[C]Becausetheycostmorethan$10billionannually.
[D]Becausetheyshowobservationalstudiescanleadtocontradictiveconclusion.
3.Accordingtothetext,thefirststudyshows
[A]elderlywomentakeinmoreanimalproteinthanvegetableprotein.
[B]digestionofanimalproteinreleasesmoreacidthanthatofvegetableprotein.
[C]dietsrichinanimalproteinwillleadtogreaterbonelossandfracturerisk.
[D]therearemanyuncontrollablevariablesinpopulations.
4.Accordingtopreviousstudies,whichofthefollowingistrue?
[A]Theamountofacidreleasedbydigestionofanimalproteinincreasesaspeopleage.
[B]Mostelderlywomencanonlytakeinabouthalfoftherequiredamountofcalcium.
[C]Aspeopleage,thekidneyfunctionandcalciumintakeincrease.
[D]Theskeletalcalciumwilldecreaseifpeoplecan’ttakeinenoughcalcium.
5.Theauthormaygoontotalkabout
[A]thesuitableamountofanimalproteinforelderlypeopletotake.
[B]howtoimprovetheintakeofcalcium.
[C]thereportofthesecondnewanalysis.
[D]thesignificanceofthenewanalyses.
Text2
InsuranceinrespectofthepropertywillbecarriedoutbytheSocietyinaccordancewiththerulesandthemortgageconditionswhichsuchinsurancecompaniesastheSocietymaydetermine.TheSocietyhasawideexperienceofinsurancecompaniesandofthetermsofferedbytheirpolicies,andplacesinsurancewithmanycompanieswhoareabletoprovidethecoverwhichtheSocietyconsidersnecessary.YoumayliketheSocietytoinsurewithaparticularcompany,andifsopleasecontactimmediatelytheBranchOfficetowhichyousubmittedyourapplicationforloan,andsolongasthatcompanyanditstermsareacceptabletotheSocietythecoverwillbearrangedaccordingly.IfyoushouldsuggestacompanyanditisnotonewithwhichtheSocietydoesbusinessyouwillbeinformedandofferedachoiceofothercompanies.Youmayrequestchangeofinsurancecompanyatanytimeduringthelifeofthemortgage.Ifyourmortgageisundertheendowmentschemeorsupportedbyaninsuranceguaranteeorifthedocumentsoftitlespecifythecompanytobeuseditmaynotbepossibletoacceptyourchoice.
Theinitialsuminsuredwillbethefigureshownundertheheading“AmountofPropertyInsurance”intheDetailsofLoan.ThisfigureistheamountrecommendedbytheSociety’svalue,ashisestimateofthereplacementcostofthebuildingatthedateofvaluation,unlesssomeotheramounthasbeenagreedinwritingbetweenyouandtheSociety.Nowarrantyisgivenorimpliedthattheamountofinsurancewillcovercompleteloss.
Youareremindedthatthemarketvalueofyourpropertybearsnorelationshiptothecostofreplacement.Theamountforwhichthepropertyisinsuredshouldthereforerepresentnotlessthanthecost,atthetimeofrepairorreplacement,ofrebuildingallthepropertycoveredinthesamematerials,form,styleandconditionaswhenitisnew.ItshouldalsoincludeincomplyingwiththerequirementsoftheLocalAuthorityandinremovingdebris,etc.Theterm“property”includesdomesticoutbuilding,garages,walls,landlords’fixturesandfittings,etc.,butexcludesthevalueoftheland.
Themarketvalueofahouseisthereforelikelytobelessthanthecostofrebuilding,especiallyifthepropertyiselderly.Evenifthepropertyisrecentlybuilt,theworkinvolvedinreinstatementwillbemoreexpensivethanthebuildingcostwhichcanbeachievedbyabuilderbuildingonanestatebasis.
6.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?
[A]Anadvertisement.[B]Aninformationbooklet.
[C]Anewspaperarticle.[D]Aformalspeech.
7.Ifacustomersuggestsaninsurancecompany,
[A]theSocietymaynotbeabletoagreetothecompany.
[B]theSocietywillprovidealistofalternativecompanies.
[C]theSocietywillnotacceptresponsibilityforthepolicy.
[D]itisimpossibletochangethatcompanylateron.
8.Whichofthefollowingistruewhenyouinsureyourproperty?
[A]Youshouldusethemarketvalueasaguide.
[B]YoushouldtaketheadviceofyourLocalAuthority.
[C]Garagesandgardenshedsarenotusuallyincluded.
[D]Youshouldnottakethelandvalueintoaccount.
9.Whendoesrebuildingapropertycostmorethanitsmarketvalue?
[A]Onlyifthepropertyisold.
[B]Particularlyifthepropertyisnew.
[C]Whatevertheageoftheproperty.
[D]Asthecostofrebuildingrises.
10.Wecaninferfromthetextthat
[A]theSocietyisexperiencedinofferingsuggestionstoinsurancecompanies.
[B]theinsurancecompanywillrefuseyourapplicationifyourchoiceviolateitsrules.
[C]afterevaluation,theinitialsuminsuredwillbefiguredoutbytheSociety’svalue.
[D]theamountforwhichthepropertyisinsuredisrequiredbytheLocalAuthority.
Text3
ImaginethatIhave$100andIofferyou$20ofit,nostringsattached.You’dtakeit,right?
Anyfoolwould;it’sawindfall.ButimaginefurtherthatyouknowImustgiveawaypartofmy$100orloseitall.Allofasuddenmymotivesaren’tentirelyaltruistic,butI’mstillofferingyoufreemoney.Takeitorleaveit,butnonegotiationallowed.Howwouldyoufeel?
Whatwouldyoudo?
Ifyouwerelikealotofpeoplewhohaveansweredthesequestionsinapsychologicalexperimentovertheyears,youwouldnowfeelconflicted.Manyofthesepeopleactuallywalkedawayfromthedeal,eventhoughitwouldhavemeantano-strings-attachedtwentybucksintheirpockets.Why?
Becausethearrangementisfundamentallyunfair,andonceyouknowthisyourbasicsenseofmoralindignationclicksin.Youremotionsandprinciplestrumpyourpurerationality.
Psychologistshavedemonstratedthisinthelaboratory,timeandtimeagain.It’sknownastheUltimatumGame,anditscounterintuitivefindingsarepartofabroadnewunderstandingofhowthehumanbrainandmindwork.Consideranotherexperimentfromtheemergingfieldofsocialneuroscience.PsychologistJohnBarghflashedwordsinfrontofvolunteers,butsorapidlythattheydidnotregisterintheconsciousmind.Someofthewordshadtodowithrudeness(likeimpoliteandobnoxious)whileothersweretheopposite(respect,considerate).Thevolunteerswerelaterputinasimulatedsituationinwhichtheycouldbeciviltowardoneanother—ornot.Manywhohadseenthewordsassociatedwithrudenesswerenot.Two-thirdsofthevolunteerswhohadbeenprimedwithrudenesswordsinterruptedanotherpersonafterward,compar