非谓语动词动名词专题讲义.docx
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非谓语动词动名词专题讲义
精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义
年级：
高一年级辅导科目：
英语课时数：
3
学科老师：
学员：
课题
高一牛津下册unit1专题——动名词
教学时间
2012-2-1912：
50-14：
50
教学目的
1.学生能够熟练的动名词的结构
2.学生能够熟练的掌握动名词的一些固定搭配
教学内容
非谓语动词的概念：
概述：
1.谓语动词:
在句中担任谓语的动词.
2.非谓语动词：
是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以做除谓语外的所有成分。
非谓语动词的使用条件：
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时。
Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.
Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.
第一节动名词常考必记要点归纳
1.动名词的构成（以make为例）
语态
形式
主动语态
被动语态
用法
一般式
making/notmaking
beingmade/notbeingmade
发生在谓语后
完成式
havingmade/nothavingmade
havingbeenmade/nothavingbeenmade
发生在谓语前
动名词的两个结构（即否定结构和复合结构）
1.★动名词的否定式只要把not放在动名词的前面。
否定结构是not+动名词
2.★动名词后可以有自己的宾语或被状语修饰，构成动名词短语。
（1）当动名词做主语时，逻辑主语必须用名词或代词的所有格。
比如：
Tom’s/hiscoming不能用Tomcoming
（2）当动名词做宾语时，逻辑主语可以用名词普通格和名词的所有格或代词宾格和形容词性物主代词。
比如:
mindTom/Tom’s/me/myopeningthewindow.
注：
当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词或无生命的名词时，只能用宾格（普通格），不能用所有格。
如：
Mybabywasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.（someone是不定代词，不能用所有格）
Thereisnohopeofthestolenwalletbeingfound.（wallet是无生命的名词，不能用所有格）
逻辑主语的概念
2.动名词的逻辑主语：
在通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
如：
Theprisonerescapedwithoutbeingseen.（beingseen的逻辑主语是theprisoner）
Afterstandinginthequeueforhours,wegotgoodseats.（standing的逻辑主语是we）
I’mafraidofwakingthebaby.（waking的逻辑主语是I）
3.下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，
常用动词：
请牢记下列小诗：
考虑建议盼原谅，consider/suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,
承认推迟没得想。
admit,delay/putoff,fancy,
避免错过继续练，avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice,
否认完成停欣赏，deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,
不禁介意准逃亡。
can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk
注明：
这些动词都可以加上自己的逻辑主语，比如：
此外：
allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.（当这几个动词提到人的时候,可以用sbtodo）
动词短语：
带to+doing注明：
to都是介词，其后面应该接动名词
beused/accustomedtodoing…..习惯做某事
lookforwardto…..期待做某事
leadto…..导致做某事
devoteoneselfto…..致力于做某事
tobedevotedto…献身于……
stickto…..坚持做某事
objectto…..反对做某事
getdownto…..开始认真处理，着手做
payattentionto…..注意做某事
referto…..涉及到
Whenitcomesto…..谈到…
beaddictedto沉迷于….
findone’swayto…..
admitto…承认……….
seeto……处理，对付………..
putone’sheart/mindto…….投入……..
Inadditionto……..此外，还有
固定用法
can’tstand（无法忍受）doing
giveupdoing
takeup开始从事……..
feellikedoing
insistondoing
putoffdoing
thankyoufordoing
can’thelpdoingsth禁不住做某事
apologizefordoing
bebusy（in）doing
havedifficulty/trouble（in）doing
haveagood/wonderful/hardtime（in）doing
it’snouse/good/awasteoftime/fundoing
Thereisnouse/point（in）doing表示做什么事情没有用处/没有意义
makeapointofdoingsth表示认为……..必要
beonthepointofdoing=beabouttodosth表示“快要做某事………”
itisworthdoingsth值得去做某事
keep/stop/preventfromdoing阻止做某事
Thereisnotelling/saying/knowing…..不可能………..
4.接不定式、动名词意义不同的动词和结构：
stoptodo/stopdoing停下来做……/停止做…….
remembertodo/rememberdoing记住要去做……/记得曾做过……
forgettodo/forgetdoing忘记去做……/忘记曾做过……
trytodo/trydoing努力（尽力）做……/试着做……
regrettodo/regretdoing遗憾地去做……/后悔做过……
meantodo/meandoing打算做……/意味着做……
wanttodo/wantdoing想做……/需要被做……
goontodo/goondoing接着做另一件事/接着做未做完的同一事
liketodo/likedoing喜欢做……（非经常性）/喜欢做（指习惯，爱好）.
feellikedoing/wouldliketodo想做……/（要做……）
setaboutdoing/setouttodo开始做……
preferdoing/prefertodo喜欢做……
prefer+doingto+doing
wouldrather+dothan+do宁愿……而不愿
preferto+doratherthan+do
usedto+do过去经常做……
beusedto+do被用来做……
be/getusedtodoing养成做……习惯
can’thelp（to）+do不能帮助做……
can’thelpdoing止不住地做……
can’thelpbut+do不得不
cannotchoosebut+do=cannotbutdo不得不做某事Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.
havenochoicebuttodosth例如：
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
5.动词need、want、require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义
（=tobe+过去分词）。
例：
Thebabywantswashing.（=tobewashed）
还有deserve值得…….Be（well）worthdoing……
★在worth后用动名词主动形式，在worthy后用动名词被动形式。
例如：
Thefilmisworthseeing.=Thefilmisworthyofbeingseen.=Thefilmisworthytobeseen
总结：
beworth+n.（表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词）
beworthdoing=beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone
beworthyof+n.值得……
那个地方值得一去。
Theplaceisworthvisiting.
Theplaceisworthyofavisit.
Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.
Theplaceisworthytobevisited.
练习题：
十选九
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
Manytreesandshrubschangecolorinfall.Foryears,scientistshaveworkedhardtounderstandthechangesthathappentothem.Theyfindthatthreefactors41fall'scolorfulfarewell—leafpigments（色素）,lengthofnight,andweather.Thetimingofthecolorchangeismainlyregulatedbytheincreasinglengthofnight.Noneoftheother42influences,suchastemperature,rainfall,foodsupply,areasunchangingasthe43increasinglengthofnightduringfall.Asdaysgrowshorter,andnightsgrowlongerandcooler,biochemical44inleavesbegintopaintthelandscapewithanexplosionofcolors.AndNatureputsononeofitsmostsplendid45ofbeauty.
Thetimingofthecolorchange46byspecies.Somespeciesinsouthernforestscanbecomevividlycolorfulinlatesummerwhileallotherspeciesarestillvigorouslygreen.Oaksputontheircolorslongafterotherspecieshavealreadyshedtheirleaves.Thesedifferencesintimingamongspeciesseemtobegenetically47.foraparticularspecies,whetheronahighmountainorinwarmerlowlands,willchangecoloratthesametime.
However,somespeciesareevergreen.Pines,forexample,aregreenalltheyearroundbecausetheyhavetoughenedup.Theyhavedevelopedovertheyearsaneedle-likeorscale-likefoliage（绿叶植物）.whichis48withaheavywaxcoating.Andtheliquidinsidetheircellscontainscold-resistantelements.Sotheleavesofevergreenscansafelywithstand（经受住）allbutthemost49winterconditions,suchasthoseintheArctic.
阅读理解
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
（A）
Untilrecently,the"scienceofthefuture"wassupposedtobeelectronicsandartificialintelligence.Todayitseemsmoreandmorelikelythatthenextgreatbreakthroughsintechnologywillbebroughtthroughacombinationofthosetwoscienceswithorganicchemistryandgeneticengineering.Thiscombinationisthescienceofbiotechnology.
Organicchemistryenablesustoproducemarveloussyntheticmaterials.However,itisstilldifficulttomanufactureanythingthathasthepropertyofwooltoconserve（$£#）heatandalsotoabsorbmoisture.Nothingthatwehavebeenabletoproducesofarcomesanywherenearthecombinationofstrength,lightnessandflexibilitythatwefindinthebodiesofordinaryinsects.
Nevertheless,scientistsinthelaboratoryhavealreadysucceededin"growing"amaterialthathasmanyofthecharacteristicsofhumanskin.Thenextstepmaywellbe"biotechheartsandeyes"whichcanreplacediseasedorgansinhumanbeings.Thesewillnotberejectedbythebody,asisthecasewithorgansfromhumans.
Theapplicationofbiotechnologytoenergyproductionseemsevenmorepromising.In1996thefamoussciencefictionwriter,ArthurC.Clarke,manyofwhosepreviouspredictionshavecometrue,saidthatwemaysoonbeabletodevelopremarkablycheapandrenewablesourcesofenergy.Someofthesepowersourceswillbebiological.Clarkeandothershavewarnedusrepeatedlythatsoonerorlaterwewillhavetogiveupourdependenceonnon-renewablepowersources.Coal,oilandgasareindeedconvenient.However,usingthemalsomeanscreatingdangerouslyhighlevelsofpollution.Itwillbeimpossibletomeetthegrowingdemandforenergywithoutincreasingthatpollutiontodisastrouslevelsunlesswedeveloppowersourcesthatarebothcheaperandcleaner.
Itistemptingtothinkthatbiotechnologyorsomeother"scienceofthefuture"cansolveourproblems.Beforewesurrendertothattemptationweshouldremembernuclearpower.Onlyafewgenerationsagoitseemedtopromiselimitless,cheapandsafeenergy.TodaythosepromiseslieburiedinaconcretegraveinaplacecalledChernobyl,intheUkraine.Biotechnologyisunlikely,however,tobreakitspromisesinquitethesameorsuchadangerousway.
65.Thematerialsproducedwithorganicchemistryareatpresent.
A.notasgoodasnaturalmaterialsB.asgoodasaninsect'sbody
C.betterthannaturalmaterialsD.asgoodaswools
66.Accordingtothepassage,itmaysoonbepossible.
A.totransplanthumanorgansB.tomakesomethingasgoodashumanskin
C.toproducedrugswithoutsideeffectsD.tomakeartificialheartsandeyes
67.In1996,ArthurC.Clarkepredictedthat.
A.theChernobyldisasterwouldhappenintwoyears
B.oil,gasandcoalcouldberepeatedlyusedinthefuture
C.biologicalpowersourceswouldbeputintouse.soon
D.wewillneverstopusingnon-renewablepowersources
68.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.Biologicalpowerwillkeepallitspromises.
B.Biologicalpowerischeaperthannuclearpower.
C.Biotechnologycansolveallourfutureenergyproblems.
D.Biologicalpowermaynotbeasriskyasnuclearpower.
（B）
We'veallbeenthere,finishingawholebagofchipsoutofboredomordowningcookieaftercookiewhilecramming（死记硬背）forabigtestButwhendonealot—especiallywithoutrealizingit—emotionaleatingcanaffectweight,health,andoverallwell-being.
Notmanyofusmaketheconnectionbetweeneatingandourfeelings.Butunderstandingwhatdrivesemotionaleatingcanhelppeopletakestepstochangeit
Oneofthebiggestmyths（荒诞的说法）a
升级会员 