英语阅读理解的专项培优 易错 难题练习题及答案解析.docx

英语阅读理解的专项培优 易错 难题练习题及答案解析.docx

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英语阅读理解的专项培优易错难题练习题及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Plasticsludge（污泥）andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.Afilmcrewtraveledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.“Halfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,andthatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.”

   Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculatingcurrentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,andPacifcOceans,homeofwhatsomehaveplastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthewater.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmoreplasticthanplant.”

   Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimesvisibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants.“Thereareheavymetals,medicines,industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.Thesepoisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafoodabsorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissues.”Tobeconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.

   China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamaretheworstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,isoneoftheworld's20sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.Thereareeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthisnewlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon（黎巴嫩）.ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials.”Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.

（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A. There'sallislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.

B. Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.

C. TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluters.

D. Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecansee.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph3?

A. Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines.  B. Theplasticparticles.

C. Seafood.                                                            D. Fattytissues.

（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A. AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplasticpollution.

B. Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.

C. Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvetheplasticproblem,

D. Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.

（4）Whichmay bethetitleofthepassage?

A. PlasticpollutionintheWorld.

B. Plasticpollution—Oceans'Disaster.

C. Waystosolvetheproblemofplasticpollutiontooceans.

D. Plasticpollutionandourhealth.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。

主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句：

AndJulieAndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthetipoftheproblem.可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。

故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain，sometimesvisibly，andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel，wheretheplasticparticlesinteractwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals，medicines，industrialwasteinthesea，whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用.海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样.it指代的是塑料颗粒。

故选B。

（3）推理判断题。

根据ButAndersensaysthereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics，straws，plasticcups，plasticwaterbottles，plasticbagsandfindalternativeslikereusablematerials."Shesayshealthyoceansareessentialtooursurvival.可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。

故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。

阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Ibecameamagicianbyaccident.WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilearnedhowtomakeacoindisappear.I'dreadTheLordoftheRingsandriskedcomingintotheadultsectionofthelibrarytosearchforabookofspells（魔法）—ninebeingthatcuriousageatwhichyou'reoldenoughtoworkthroughmorethan1,200pagesofmysteriousfantasyliteraturebutyoungenoughtostillholdouthopethatyoumightfindabookofreal,actualmagicinthelibrary.ThebookIfoundinsteadtaughtbasicsleight-of-hand（戏法）technique,andIdevotedthenextmonthstopractice.

   Initially,themagicwasn'tanygood.Atfirstitwasn'tevenmagic;itwasjustatrick—abadtrick.Ispenthourseachdayinthebathroomrunningthroughthesecretmovesinfrontofthemirror.Idroppedthecoinoverandover,athousandtimesinaday,andaftertwoweeksofthismymomgotacarpetsamplefromthestoreandplaceditunderthemirrortoeradicatethesoundofthecoinfallingagainandagain.

   Ihadheardmydadworkthroughpassagesofnewmusiconthepiano,soIknewhowtopractice—slowly,deliberately,goingforprecisionratherthanspeed.AndthenItriedtheillusion（错觉）inthemirrorandanunbelievablescenetookplace.Itdidnotlooklikeamagictrick.Itlookedlikeamiracle.IknewthatIhadgotwhatIwanted.

   OnedayImadetheperformanceontheplayground.Wehadbeenplayingfootballandwerestandingbythebackstopinthefieldbehindtheschool.Adozenpeoplewerewatching.Ishowedthecointoeveryone.Thenitdisappeared.Thekidsscreamed.Theyyelled,laughed,scrambledaway.Everyonewentcrazy.Thiswasbrilliant.

（1）Whatdidtheauthorentertheadultsectionofthelibrarytodo?

A. Tokillhistime.

B. Tofindabookofmagic.C

 ToreadTheLordoftheRings.   D.Tolearnknowledgeofliterature.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"eradicate"inParagraph2mean?

A. Getridof.                         

B. Giveout.                         

C. Imitate.                         

D. Distinguish.

（3）Whatcontributedtotheauthor'ssuccess?

A. Hismother'shelp.                                            

B. Thesecretofquickmoves.

C. Theinspirationfromhisfather.                       

D. Hisrepeatedhardpractice.

（4）Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheresultofhisperformanceontheplayground?

A. It'sfantastic.                 

B. It'sfunny.                 

C. It'sawkward.                 

D. It'sdisappointing.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者变成魔术师是偶然的，并且具体讲述了自己九岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“I'dreadTheLordoftheRingsandriskedcomingintotheadultsectionofthelibrarytosearchforabookofspells”我读过《魔戒》，并且冒险进入图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书，可知，作者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。

原文中使用了不定式表达目的。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失时的练习经历，他每天要在镜子前练1000遍左右，那么硬币也就会掉在地上1000次左右。

所以划线单词所在句子句意应为：

两周后，妈妈从店里买了一块地毯，把它放在镜子下面，以掩盖硬币一次又一次落下的声音。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Ihadheardmydadworkthroughpassagesofnewmusiconthepiano,soIknewhowtopractice—slowly,deliberately,goingforprecisionratherthanspeed.AndthenItriedtheillusion（错觉）inthemirrorandanunbelievablescenetookplace.Itdidnotlooklikeamagictrick.Itlookedlikeamiracle.”可知，作者是在父亲练习钢琴的经历的启发下，领悟到了练习的真谛，最终取得了成功。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Theyyelled,laughed,scrambledaway.Everyonewentcrazy.Thiswasbrilliant.”，可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后，其他同学欢呼、大小并且都不知道是如何做到的，每个人都很疯狂。

作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一盘故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Ifyouloveeatinganddrinkingforfreeandarelookingtomakesomepocketmoney,there'sajobinChinawithyournameonit.Anewtypeofonlineserviceallowspeopletohireotherstoeatordrinktheirfavoritetreats,eithertocuretheirboredomorsatisfytheirappetitewithoutthecaloriesthatusuallycomewithit.

   ChinesemediarecentlyreportedonanincreasinglypopularserviceononlineplatformTaobaothat'sasstartlingasitisappealing.Peoplecannowgoonlineandhireotherstoconsumecertainfoodsanddrinks,andaskthemtoprovidevideoevidenceofthemeatingordrinkingthesaidtreats.

   Feesusuallyrangefromtwotonineyuan（$0.30-$1.35）plusthecostofthefood.It'snotexactlyaget-rich-quickjob,buttherearequitearotofpeoplewillingtodoitforthefreetreatsalone.

   "Bubbleteadrinking"isaparticularlypopularservice,asthechewytapioca（木薯粉）ballsandpoppingdrinkisalltherageinAsiathesedays,buttherearealsoadsfrompeoplewillingtoeatfriedchickenorhotpotforanyonewillingtopayforthem.

   Advertisedasbeing"fat-free"and"freeofqueues"thosewhopayfortheservicewillreceivethefullexperience,whichincludesa360-degreevideoofthedrink,photos,andadetaileddescription.Pricesoftheservicearebasedonthedrink'ssweetnesslevel,itsprice,andpopularity.Someclientsevenrequireashortwrittenreviewtobesurethatthepersontheyhiredactuallydoeswhattheyaresupposedto.

   Sellersexplainedthatmostcustomersbuytheir"Bubbleteadrinking"servicemaybebecausethey'retryingtoshakeoffdesireswhilethey'reonadiet.Drinkingbubbleteabyproxymayhelpcustomersavoidhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andotherhealthproblemsthatthesugar-ladendrinkmaycause.

   Sowhywouldanyonepayatotalstrangertoenjoyatreatratherthanconsumeitthemselves?

Well,apparently,theonlineserviceissocheapthatsomepeoplesimplydoitoutofboredom,whileothersgetsatisfactionfromwatchingothersindulgeintheirfavoritetreats.

   Thisindulging-by-proxyservice（代享受服务）hasreceivedalotofattentiononsocialmediainChina,withsomepeopledescribingitasthejoboftheirdreams.

（1）Whatkindofpeoplemaybuythenewtypeofonlineservice?

A. Thosewhoareboring.

B. Thosewhoaretryingtoloseweigh