计算机专业文献翻译用 Tomcat 和 Eclipse开发 Web 应用程序.docx

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计算机专业文献翻译用Tomcat和Eclipse开发Web应用程序

DevelopingWebapplicationswithTomcatandEclipse

Requiredcomponents

TheEclipseV3.2Callistointegrateddevelopmentenvironment（IDE）includestoolsfordoingWebdevelopmentandintegratingwithservers.So,asidefromthesoftwaredevelopmentkit（SDK）,youneedonlyEclipseandApacheTomcatinstalled.Theversionsfeaturedinthisarticlearelistedbelow.

Table1.Componentsandversionsused

Component

Versionusedinthisarticle

EclipsePlatform

3.2.2

JavaEE5SDK

1.5.0_09

ApacheTomcat

5.5.20

TheEclipseIDEisanopensourceIDEusedasthedevelopmentenvironmentforyourJava™ServerPages（JSPs）andJavafiles.WiththeWebandJava2Platform,EnterpriseEdition（J2EE）Developmenttoolsinstalled,EclipseisgreattoolforcreatingHTML,JSPs,andservlets.

YouneedtheJavaSDKtorunservletsonyourmachine.Finally,ApacheTomcatisanopensourceWebandservletcontainer,usedintheofficialreferenceimplementationsforJavaServletandJavaServerPages.

Installation

InstallationofEclipseandTomcatissimilar—bothareextractedfromthearchivefileformatintoafolderonyourharddisk.Ifyoueverwanttouninstalleither,it'sassimpleasdeletingthedirectoryinwhichyouextractedthefiles.

InstallEclipse

ToinstalltheEclipseIDE,unpackthecompressed（.zipor.tar.gz）fileyoudownloadedfromEclipse,thenmovetheunpackedfolderintoaconvenientlocation.ItrytoinstallitinalocationthatfollowstheconventionsofwhateveroperatingsystemI'musing.IfI'minstallingEclipseonaMacintosh,IputtheEclipsefolderintheApplicationsfolder.IfI'musingMicrosoft™Windows™,IputtheunpackedfolderintotheC:

\ProgramFilesdirectory.

Onceyou'vedownloadedandinstalledEclipse,startitup.BeforeyoucancreateaWebproject,youneedtoinstalltheJ2EEandWebDevelopmentplug-ins.Fortunately,it'seasytoinstalltheplug-inusingtheCallistoDiscoverySite.

InstalltheWebtools

WiththeEclipseIDErunning,selectHelp>SoftwareUpdates>FindandInstall.ThisoptionletsyoudownloadandinstalltheWebtoolswithoutgoingtoaWebsite.

SelectSearchforNewFeaturestoInstall,asshownbelow,thenclickNext.

Figure1.Install/Updatewindow

SelectCallistoDiscoverySite,asshownbelow,thenclickNext.

Figure2.SelecttheCallistoDiscoverySite

UnderCallistoDiscoverySite,checktheWebandJ2EEDevelopmentbox.Thewizardimmediatelywarnsyouthatyou'remissingdependencies.ClickSelectRequired,andthesewarningsshoulddisappear.SomeorallofthecomponentsintheGraphicalEditorsandFrameworksandModelsandModelDevelopmentcategoriesareselected（asshowninFigure3）becausethey'rerequiredfortheinstallationoftheWebandJ2EEplug-ins.

Figure3.Selectfeaturesforinstallation

ClickNexttocontinue,andlicenseagreementsappearforeachfeatureyou'veselected.Ifyouagreewiththelicenses,acceptthemandfollowthewizardthroughtherestoftheprocess.WhentheIDEisfinishedinstallingtheplug-ins,itasksyoutorestartEclipseinorderforthechangestotakeeffect.BesureyourestarttheIDEbeforecontinuing.

AfteryourestarttheIDE,thenewfeaturesareavailabletobegindevelopingdynamicWebprojects.

InstallTomcat

ToinstallApacheTomcat,extractthefilesfromthedownloadedarchiveandplacethemintoadirectory.IputtheminmyC:

\appsdirectorytomakethemeasytolocatelater.That'sitfornow;useEclipseasshownlatertostartTomcat.

CreateanewWebproject

FromtheEclipseIDE,selectFile>New>Projecttoviewtheprojectwizards.TypeWebintheWizardsbox,andtheNewProjectwindowfiltersthewizardstoshowtheonesthatmatch.Thisisaneasywaytolocatethewizardyouwantinsteadofgoingthrougheachitem.

ChooseDynamicWebProjectfromthelist.YouusetheStandardWebProjectWizardtomakestaticHTMLWebprojects.YoucantechnicallyuseTomcattorunstaticWebsites,althoughaWebserversuchasApacheWebServermaybeabetterchoiceforstaticcontent.Webserversbuiltspecificallyforservingupstaticpagestendtohavelessoverheadandaretunedforthatpurpose.

Targetaruntime

UnderTargetRuntime,yousee,asshowninFigure4,becauseyouhaven'tcreatedaruntimeyetforApacheTomcat.ClickNewtoopentheNewTargetRuntimeWizard.SelectApacheTomcatV5.5fromtheApachefolder,asshowninFigure5,thenclickNext.

Figure4.CreateanewdynamicWebproject

Figure5.Createanewserverruntime

Nowyouhavetheopportunitytonameyourruntime,althoughthedefaultnameApacheTomcatV5.5isfine.ClickBrowsetolocatethebasefolderforyourApacheTomcatconfiguration（mineisC:

\apps\apache-tomcat-5.5.20,asshowninFigure6）.IrecommendleavingtheIBM®JavaRuntimeEnvironment（JRE）versionthesameastheworkbenchdefaultJRE,unlessyouhaveaspecificreasontochangeit.Onceyou'veenteredavaliddirectory,clickFinishtocreatetheruntimeconfiguration.

Figure6.Definetheserverlocation

You'reaskedifyouwanttoswitchtotheJ2EEPerspective.IalwaysansweryesbecausethatperspectiveincludesviewsliketheServersview,whichhelptostartandstopTomcatlater.YoucanalwaysopentheServersviewbyselectingWindow>ShowView.

Addtheserver

IntheServersviewisaviewthatcontainsnothing.ThisviewisforapplicationandWebservers;itletsyoucontrolthemandmonitortheirstatus.TocontrolTomcatdirectlyfromthecomfortoftheIDE,addareferencetoTomcatbyselectingNew>Serverfromthecontext-sensitivemenu.TheNewServerwizard,asshowninFigure7,willdefaulttotheApacheTomcatV5.5runtimeyoujustcreated.

Figure7.Defineanewserver

ClickNext.You'reaskedwhetheryouwanttoaddprojectstotheserver.Selecttheprojectyoucreatedintheprevioussteps,thenclickAdd.

Figure8.Addtheprojectstotheserver

ClickFinishtoclosethewizard.NowtheServersviewcontainstheTomcatV5.5Serverwiththeprojectunderit.

Figure9.TheTomcatserverintheServersview

Createasamplepage

TheeasiestwaytotestyournewdynamicWebprojectandTomcatserverintegrationistocreateasimpleJSPanddeployittoTomcat.YoucancreatethenewJSPfilebyselectingFile>New>Other,oryoucanusethecontext-sensitivemenubyright-clickingtheprojectnameintheProjectExplorerviewandselectingNew>JSP.

MakesuretheparentfolderisWebContentandnamethefileindex.jsp.ClickFinishtocreatethepageusingthedefaulttemplate.IfyouclickNext,youcanchoosedifferenttemplatestouse（suchasHTMLorXHTML）forthenewpage.Thedefaultsarefineforthistest.

Thepagecodeshownbelowdisplaysasimpledatesoyoucanseeitworking.

Listing1.Contentsofindex.jsp

<%@pagelanguage="java"contentType="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1"

pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

DOCTYPEhtmlPUBLIC"-//W3C//DTDHTML4.01Transitional//EN"

"http:

//www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<%java.util.Dated=newjava.util.Date（）;%>

Today'sdateis<%=d.toString（）%>andthisjsppageworked!

Deploythepage

Nowthatthetestpageiscomplete,useEclipsetoredeployittoApacheTomcat.IntheServersview,noticethatStateissettoRepublish.Thatisbecausechangeshavebeenmadesincetheprojectwaslastdeployedtotheserver.Right-clicktheserverandselectPublishfromthemenu.ThestatechangestoSynchronizedoncetheprojecthasbeendeployedtotheserver.

Withtheprojectsuccessfullydeployedandtheserverstarted,openabrowserandnavigatetohttp:

//localhost:

8080/[ProjectName]/（where[ProjectName]isthenameofthedynamicWebprojectyoucreated）.ThenewWebpageyoucreatedappears,andthedateshouldbecurrent.Ifyourefreshthepage,thedatechanges.

Figure10.Outputofindex.jspinabrowser

HelloWorldservlet

YoucanaddJavaservletstoyourprojectanddeploythem.Tocreateaquickservletyoucanusefortestingpurposes,usetheServletWizardbyright-clickingyourdynamicWebprojectintheProjectExplorerviewandselectingNew>Other.UndertheWebfolder,selectServlet,thenclickNext.

Addthepackagenamecom.example.servletsnexttoJavaPackageandaddHelloServletnexttoClassname.ClickFinish.Thisisanexample,sothedefaultsarefine.TheEclipseIDEgeneratesaservletclassforyou.Towatchthetestservletinaction,addalineinthedoGet（）methodtoprintamessagetotheResponseWriter.Theservletclassshouldlookliketheoneshownbelow.

Listing2.ContentsofHelloServlet.java

packagecom.example.servlets;

importjava.io.IOException;

importjavax.servlet.ServletException;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**

*ServletimplementationclassforServlet:

HelloServlet

*

*/

publicclassHelloServletextendsjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

implementsjavax.servlet.Servlet{

/*（non-Java-doc）

*@seejavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#HttpServlet（）

*/

publicHelloServlet（）{

super（）;

}

/*（non-Java-doc）

*@seejavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doGet（HttpServletRequestrequest,

HttpServletResponseresponse）

*/

protectedvoiddoGet（HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponseresponse）

throwsServletException,IOException{

response.getWriter（）.write（"Hello,world!

"）;

}

/*（non-Java-doc）

*@seejavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doPost（HttpServletRequestrequest,

HttpServletResponseresponse）

*/

protectedvoiddoPost（HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpS