独步古今的艺术大师八大山人 朱耷.docx
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独步古今的艺术大师八大山人朱耷
独步古今的艺术大师—八大山人朱耷
独步古今的艺术大师—八大山人朱耷来源/千年一的收藏原创/不详复制·编辑/塞上齐翁在江西文化史上,隐逸着一位亦僧亦道、亦画亦诗的人物,他的名号三百多年来为世人惊叹不已。
他就是开一代画风,独步古今的艺术大师,八大山人——朱耷。
八大山人,名朱耷(1626—约1705),江西南昌人,明末清初画家、书法家,中国画一代宗师。
清初画坛“四僧”之一。
为明宁献王朱权九世孙,明灭亡后,国毁家亡,心情悲愤,落发为僧,法名传綮,字刃庵。
又用过雪个、个山、个山驴、驴屋、人屋、道朗等号,后又入青云谱为道。
通常称他为朱耷,晚年取八大山人号并一直用到去世。
其于画作上署名时,常把“八大”和“山人”竖着连写。
前二字又似“哭”字,又似“笑”字,而后二字则类似“之”字,哭之笑之即哭笑不得之意。
他一生对明忠心耿耿,以明朝遗民自居,不肯与清合作。
他的作品往往以象征手法抒写心意,如画鱼、鸭、鸟等,皆以白眼向天,充满倔强之气。
是朱耷自我心态的写照。
画山水,多取荒寒萧疏之景,剩山残水,仰塞之情溢于纸素,可谓“墨点无多泪点多,山河仍为旧山河”,“想见时人解图画,一峰还写宋山河”,可见朱耷寄情于画,以书画表达对旧王朝的眷恋。
朱耷笔墨特点以放任恣纵见长,苍劲圆秀,清逸横生,不论大幅或小品,都有浑朴酣畅又明朗秀健的风神。
章法结构不落俗套,在不完整中求完整。
朱耷的绘画对后世影响极大。
朱耷擅花鸟、山水,其花鸟承袭陈淳、徐渭写意花鸟画的传统。
发展为阔笔大写意画法,其特点是通过象征寓意的手法,并对所画的花鸟、鱼虫进行夸张,以其奇特的形象和简练的造型,使画中形象突出,主题鲜明,甚至将鸟、鱼的眼睛画成“白眼向人”,以此来表现自己孤傲不群、愤世嫉俗的性格,从而创造了一种前所未有的花鸟造型。
其画笔墨简朴豪放、苍劲率意、淋漓酣畅,构图疏简、奇险,风格雄奇朴茂。
他的山水画初师董其昌,后又上窥黄公望、倪瓒,多作水墨山水,笔墨质朴雄健,意境荒凉寂寥。
亦长于书法,擅行、草书,宗法王羲之、王献之、颜真卿、董其昌等,以秃笔作书,风格流畅秀健。
注:
以下标有英文注释的为弗利尔美术馆藏品LotusandDucks荷花雙鳧圖(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)
Colophon:
ColophonbyWuChangshuo吳昌碩(1844-1927)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1696MEDIUM:
Hangingscroll;inkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
185.0x95.8cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.WangCedarTree,DayLily,andWagtails椿萱鶺鴒圖(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,1700MEDIUM:
Hangingscroll;inkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
173.7x92.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.WangTwoGeese雙雁圖(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1700MEDIUM:
Hangingscroll;inkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
184.1x90.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.SmallBirds,BambooandRocks竹石小鳥圖(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705),AdditionandtwocolophonsbyZhangDaqian(ChangDai-chien)(China,1899-1983)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,1692MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
270.8x93.7cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.CrouchingCat艾虎圖(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,1699MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
164.0x90.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.FivePinesMountain五松山圖(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705),Calligrapher:
YeDehui(1864-1927)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1698MEDIUM:
Hangingscroll,inkandcoloronpaperDIMENSION(S):
112.4x43.4cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.Peonies芍藥圖(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1699?
MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
87.3x44.2cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.WangFlowersandCalligraphy玉簪花圖並草書節錄姜夔《續書譜》(冊頁兩開裱軸)TYPE:
Hangingscroll(2albumleaves)MAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,1702-04MEDIUM:
Twoalbumleavesmountedasonehangingscroll;inkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
30.1x34.2cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.
Lotus荷花圖(冊?
八頁)TYPE:
Album(8leaves)MAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1665MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
25.4x33.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang
FallingFlower落花圖(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1692MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
22.5x28.5cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang
Buddha'sHandCitron佛手圖(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1692MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
22.7x28.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.
Hibiscus芙蓉圖(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1692MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
22.6x28.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.
LotusPod蓮蓬圖(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1692MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
22.6x28.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.
LilacandCalligraphy丁香花圖并行草題跋(兩冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleavesMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1690MEDIUM:
Twoalbumleaves;inkandcoloronpaperDIMENSION(S):
20.1x14.6cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang
LandscapeTYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1690MEDIUM:
InkandcoloronpaperDIMENSION(S):
149.1x64.1cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang
CopyofLandscapesbyDongQichang撫董其昌《臨古山水》(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1697MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
31.1x24.7cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.WangLandscapeafterNiZanandcalligraphyinstandardscript倣倪迂山水并楷書題跋(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1703-05MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
25.1x32.3cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.WangCombinedAlbumofPaintingandCalligraphy書畫合冊(九頁)TYPE:
Album(9leaves)MAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705),Calligrapher:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705),FrontispiecebyShanqi,PrinceSu肅親王善耆(1866-1922),Colophon:
ColophonbyWuChangshuo吳昌碩(1844-1927),ColophonbyNaitoTorajiro(1866-1934)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1693and1696MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
25.4x17.1cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.WangScriptureoftheInnerRadiancesoftheYellowCourtinrunning-standardscript行楷書《黃庭內景經》四節(冊?
十二頁)TYPE:
Album(12leaves)MAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,1684MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
22.0x11.7cmCREDITLINE:
Purchase--fundsprovidedbytheE.RhodesandLeonaB.CarpenterFoundationinhonorofthe75thAnniversaryoftheFreerGalleryofArt.Copyofthe'Half-SteleofXingfuTemple'inrunning-standardscript行楷臨《興福寺半截碑》(冊?
廿頁)TYPE:
Album(20leaves)MAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705),ColophonbyTangYunsong(jinshi1840)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,1699MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
25.3x8.8cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang
PoembyBaiJuyiinrunning-cursivescript行草書白居易《北窗三友詩》(三頁)TYPE:
Albumleaves(three)MAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,1700MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
31.4x23.5cmCREDITLINE:
Purchase--fundsprovidedbytheE.RhodesandLeonaB.CarpenterFoundationinhonorofthe75thAnniversaryoftheFreerGalleryofArt.CopyofTwoLettersbyHuangDaozhouinrunning-cursivescript行草書臨黃道周尺牘(兩冊頁)TYPE:
Albumleaves(two)MAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1702-1705MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
32.0x42.6cmCREDITLINE:
Purchase--fundsprovidedbytheE.RhodesandLeonaB.CarpenterFoundationinhonorofthe75thAnniversaryoftheFreerGalleryofArt.PoembyGengWeiincursivescript草書耿湋《題清源寺詩》(軸)TYPE:
HangingscrollMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1699MEDIUM:
Hangingscroll;inkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
154.8x75.1cmCREDITLINE:
BequestfromthecollectionofWangFangyuandSumWai,donatedintheirmemorybyMr.ShaoF.Wang.Excerptfrom'PrefacetotheGatheringattheRiver'inrunning-standardscript行楷書《臨河集序》(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1697MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
26.2x19.0cmCREDITLINE:
Purchase--fundsprovidedbytheE.RhodesandLeonaB.CarpenterFoundationinhonorofthe75thAnniversaryoftheFreerGalleryofArt.PoembyHanYuinrunning-standardscript行楷節錄韓愈《送李愿歸盤谷序》(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1697MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
26.2x19.2cmCREDITLINE:
Purchase--fundsprovidedbytheE.RhodesandLeonaB.CarpenterFoundationinhonorofthe75thAnniversaryoftheFreerGalleryofArt.PoembySunTiinrunning-standardscript行楷書孫逖《奉和李右相中書壁畫山水詩》(冊頁)TYPE:
AlbumleafMAKER(S):
Artist:
BadaShanren(ZhuDa)八大山人(朱耷)(1626-1705)HISTORICALPERIOD(S):
Qingdynasty,ca.1697MEDIUM:
InkonpaperDIMENSION(S):
26.2x19.1cmCREDITLINE:
Purchase--fundsprovidedbytheE.RhodesandLeonaB.CarpenterF