陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx

陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案.docx

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陶洁版美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案

美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁（部分）

Unit1BenjaminFranklin

Questions1.WhydidFranklinwritehisAutobiography?

Franklinsaysthatbecausehissonmaywishtoknowabouthislife,heistakinghisoneweekvacationintheEnglishcountrysidetorecordhispast.Healsosaysthathehasenjoyedhislifeandwouldliketorepeatit

2.WhatmadeFranklindecidetoleavethebrothertowhomhehadbeenapprenticed?

Hisbrotherwaspassionate,andhadoftenbeatenhim.Theaversiontoarbitrarypowerthathasstucktohimthroughhiswholelife.Afterabrushwiththelaw,Franklinlefthisbrother.

3.HowdidhearriveinPhiladephia?

FirsthesetoutinaboatforAmboy,theboatdroppedhimoffabout50milesfromBurlington,thenextdayhereachedBurlingtononfoot,inBurlingtonhefoundaboatwhichwasgoingtowardsPhiladelphia,hearrivedthereabouteightornineo’clock,ontheSundaymorningandlandedattheMarketStreetwharf.

4.Whatfeaturesdoyoufindinthestyleoftheaboveselection?

ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision（言简意赅）.Thenarrativeislucid（易懂的）,thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely（朴素的）.

Unit2EdgarAllenPoe1.Whoisthenarrator?

Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?

Montresor.Fortunato,oneofwineexpertsinsultedhim,sohewantedtomurderhim.

2.WhatisthepretextheusestolureFortunatotohiswinecellar?

HebaitsFortunatobytellinghimhehasobtainedwhathebelievestobeacaskofAmontilladoarareandvaluablesherrywine.FortunatoisanxioustodeterminewhetherornotitistrulyAmontillado,sohegoestothevaultwithMontresor.

3.WhathappenstoFortunatointheend?

Hewaswalledupalivebehindbricksinawinecellar.

4.DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMontresorandFortunatoascontrasts?

Poeusescolorimagerytocharacterizethem.Montresorfaceiscoveredinablacksilkmask,Incontrast,Fortunatodressesthemotley-coloredcostumeofthecourtfool,whogetsliterallyandtragicallyfooledbyMontresor'smaskedmotives.ThecolorschemeshererepresenttheironyofFortunato'sdeathsentence.Throughtheacts,words,andthoughtsof?

?

Fortunato,weknowHeisgreedy,hewasluredintothedarkandsombervaultsjustbecauseacaskofAmontillado.Thisisalsoduetohisbadhabitofbibulosity（酗酒）.Helosthimselfonhearingthewine.Atthesametime,hewascheatedbyhisenemy,whichreflectedhisignorance.WhenheheardthepretendedcomplimentfromMontresor,hebecameveryboastfulandarrogant.Hewaseasilyconfusedbythesuperficialphenomenaandfailedtowatchoutforothers.Hecouldn’ttoleratethatotherswerestrongerthanhim.Forexample,MontresoralwaysstimulatedhimwithLuchresiwhowasgoodatconnoisseur（鉴赏）inwine.Undertheimpulseofvanity,hefellintoMontresor’sterribletrap.Infact,hewascarelessandfoolishanddidn’tfindthatthedangerwasapproachinghim.HelookeddownuponMontresorandothers.Hedidn’trealizehisfoolishnessuntilthedeathwascoming.Talkingfromtheappearance,Monstresorwasawell-educatedand“kind”businessman.Heenjoyedthehonorandrespectinthecity.Butinfact,hewasanevilandawfulperson.Hisinnerfeelingsweresocruelthattheyevenmadepeopletremble.Underhisrichappearancewasthedirtysoulanddespicablecharacter.Wecouldn’tseeanygloriousvirtuesinhismind.Instead,hisheartwascoldanddark.ItwastherevengethatthrewMontresorintothedeepevilvalley.

unit4NathanielHawthorne

1.WhyistheprisonthesettingofChapter1?

Nomatterhowoptimisticthefoundersofnewcoloniesmaybe,theyarequicktoestablishaprisonandacemeteryintheir“Utopia,”fortheyknowthatmisbehavior,evil,anddeathareunavoidable.ThisbelieffitsintothelargerPuritandoctrine,whichputsheavyemphasisontheideaoforiginalsin—thenotionthatallpeoplearebornsinnersbecauseoftheinitialtransgressionsofAdamandEveintheGardenofEden.heisthereforeusingtheprisonbuildingtorepresentthecrimeandthepunishmentwhichareaspectofcivilizedlifeWhatistheimplicationofthedescriptionoftheroses?

Therosebushsymbolizestheabilityofnaturetoendureandoutlastman'sactivities.ThenarratorsuggeststhatrosesofferareminderofNature'skindnesstothecondemned;forhistale,hesays,itwillprovideeithera“sweetmoralblossom”orelsesomereliefinthefaceofunrelentingsorrowandgloom.

2.DescribetheappearanceofHesterPrynneandtheattitudeofthepeopletowardsher.Thesecondparagraphonpage30.Thecrowdinfrontofthejailisamixtureofmenandwomen,allmaintainingseverelooksofdisapproval.SeveralofthewomenbegintodiscussHesterPrynne,andtheysoonvowthatHesterwouldnothavereceivedsuchalightsentenceforhercrimeiftheyhadbeenthejudges.Onewoman,theugliestofthegroup,goessofarastoadvocatedeathforHester.

3.WhathashappenedtoHester?

Asayoungwoman,Hestermarriedanelderlyscholar,Chillingworth,whosentheraheadtoAmericatolive.Whilewaitingforhim,shehadanaffairwithaPuritanministernamedDimmesdale,afterwhichshegavebirthtoPearl.Thescarletletterisherpunishmentforhersinandhersecrecy.WhydoesshemaketheembroideryoftheletterAsoelaborate?

Itseemstodeclarethatsheisproud,ratherthanashamed,ofhersin.Inreality,however,Hestersimplyacceptsthe“sin”anditssymbolaspartofherself,justassheacceptsherchild.Andalthoughshecanhardlybelieveherpresent“realities,”shetakesthemastheyareratherthanresistingthemortryingtoatoneforthem.Howdoesthistellusabouthercharacter?

ThroughoutTheScarletLetterHesterisportrayedasanintelligent,capable.Itistheextraordinarycircumstancesshapingherthatmakehersuchanimportantfigure.

Unit5HermanMelville1.WhatarethestoriesIsmaeltellsaboutMobyDick?

IshmaelcomparesthelegendofMobyDicktohisexperienceofthewhale.Henotesthatspermwhaleattackshaveincreasedrecentlyandthatsuperstitioussailorshavecometoregardtheseattacksashavinganintelligent,evensupernaturalorigin.Inparticular,wildrumorsaboutMobyDickcirculateamongwhalemen,suggestingthathecanbeinmorethanoneplaceatthesametimeandthatheisimmortal.Ishmaelremarksthateventhewildestofrumorsusuallycontainssometruth.Whales,forinstance,havebeenknowntotravelwithremarkablespeedfromtheAtlantictothePacific;thus,itispossibleforawhaletobecaughtinthePacificwiththeharpoonsofaGreenlandshipinit.MobyDick,whohasdefiedcapturenumeroustimes,exhibitsan“intelligentmalignity”（狠毒）inhisattacksonmen2.WhydoesAhabreactsoviolentlyagainstthewhitewhale?

First,helostoneofhislegsbecauseofthewhitewhale.Second,HeconsidersMobyDicktheembodimentofevilintheworld,andhepursuestheWhiteWhale，becausehebelievesithisinescapablefatetodestroythisevil.IshmaelsuggeststhatAhabis“crazy”andcallhim“aravinglunatic.”Doyouagreewithhim?

Whyorwhynot?

IshmaeldescribesAhabasmadinhisnarration,anditdoesindeedseemmadtotrytofighttheforcesofnatureorGod.

3.Whatnarrativefeaturescanyoufindintheselectedchapter?

Intheselectedcharpter,MelvilleemployedthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarrativetoportrayMobyDicktoachievetheeffectofambiguityandletreadersjudgethemeaning.

Unit6HenryDavidThoreau1.WhereindeeddidThoreaulive,bothataphysicallevelandataspirituallevel?

HelivedinacabinonWaldenPond,whichbelongedtoEmerson’sproperty.

2.HadThoreaueverboughtafarm?

Whydidheenjoytheactofbuying?

No,hehadn’t.Heavoidedpurchasingafarmbecauseitwouldinevitablytiehimdownfinanciallyandcomplicatehislife.Thoreaudidn’tseetheacquisitionofwealthasthegoalforhumanexistence,hesawthegoaloflifetobeanexplorationofthemindandofthemagnificentworldaroundus.Heregardedtheplacesasanexistencefreeofobligationsandfullofleisure.

3.IsitsignificantthatThoreaumentionedtheFourthofJulyasthedayonwhichhebegantostayinthewoods?

Why?

Yes,itis.BecauseTheFourthofJulyisknownasIndependenceDay,thebirthdayottheUnitedStates.HereThoreauusesthedaytoexpresshisbeginningof?

?

regenerationatWalden.Italsomeansasymbolofhisconquestofbeing.

4.HowcouldyouanswerthequestionThoreauaskedattheendofthisselection?

Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets

1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow

（1）IShotanArrow…

1.Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?

Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.

2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?

Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.

3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?

Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.

（2）APsalmofLife

1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?

Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.

2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?

Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.

3.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"（line28）.

Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.

2.WaltWhitman

（1）One'sSelfISing

1.Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?

Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy?

Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings,whereasph