英文文献翻译终稿.docx

英文文献翻译终稿.docx

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英文文献翻译终稿

毕业论文英文文献翻译

学生姓名

:

系别

:

中国语言文学系

专业

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汉语言文学

年级

:

学号

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200940101021

指导教师

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王文征

TheBigSecretofDealingwithPeople

DaleCarnegie

Thereisonlyonewayunderhighheaventogetanybodytodoanything.Didyoueverstoptothinkofthat?

Yes,justoneway.Andthatisbymakingtheotherpersonwanttodoit.

Remember,thereisnootherway.

Ofcourse,youcanmakesomeonewanttogiveyouhiswatchbystickingarevolverinhisribs.Youcanmakeyouremployeesgiveyoucooperation-untilyourbackisturned-bythreateningtofirethem.Youcanmakeachilddowhatyouwantittodobyawhiporathreat.Butthesecrudemethodshavesharplyundesirablerepercussions.

TheonlywayIcangetyoutodoanythingisbygivingyouwhatyouwant.

Whatdoyouwant?

SigmundFreudsaidthateverythingyouandIdospringsfromtwomotives:

thesexurgeandthedesiretobegreat.

JohnDewey,oneofAmerica’smostprofoundphilosophers,phraseditabitdifferently.Dr.Dewey,saidthatthedeepesturgeinhumannatureis“thedesiretobeimportant.”Rememberthatphrase:

“thedesiretobeimportant.”Itissignificant.Youaregoingtohearalotaboutitinthisbook.Whatdoyouwant?

Notmanythings,butthefewthatyoudowish,youcravewithaninsistencethatwillnotbedenied.Someofthethingsmostpeoplewantinclude:

1.Healthandthepreservationoflife.

2.Food.

3.Sleep.

4.Moneyandthethingsmoneywillbuy.

5.Lifeinthehereafter.

6.Sexualgratification.

7.Thewell–beingofourchildren.

8.Afeelingofimportance.

Almostallthesewantsareusuallygratified–allexceptone.Butthereisonelonging–almostasdeep,almostasimperious,asthedesireforfoodorsleep–whichisseldomgratified.ItiswhatFreudcalls“thedesiretobegreat.”ItiswhatDeweycallsthe“desiretobeimportant.”Lincolnoncebeganalettersaying:

“Everybodylikesacompliment.”WilliamJamessaid:

“Thedeepestprincipleinhumannatureisthecravingtobeappreciated.”Hedidn’tspeak,mindyou,ofthe“wish”orthe“desire”orthe“longing”tobeappreciated.Hesaidthe“craving”tobeappreciated.

Hereisagnawingandunfalteringhumanhunger,andtherareindividualwhohonestlysatisfiesthishearthungerwillholdpeopleinthepalmofhisorherhandand“eventheundertakerwillbesorrywhenhedies.”

Thedesireforafeelingofimportanceisoneofthechiefdistinguishingdifferencesbetweenmankindandtheanimals.Toillustrate:

WhenIwasafarmboyoutinMissouri,myfatherbredfineDuroc–Jerseyhogsandpedigreedwhite–facedcattle.Weusedtoexhibitourhogsandwhite–facedcattleatthecountryfairsandlive–stockshowsthroughouttheMiddleWest.Wewonfirstprizesbythescore.Myfatherpinnedhisblueribbonsonasheetofwhitemuslin,andwhenfriendsofvisitorscametothehouse,hewouldgetoutthelongsheetofmuslin.HewouldholdoneendandIwouldholdtheotherwhileheexhibitedtheblueribbons.

Thehogsdidn’tcareabouttheribbonstheyhadwon.ButFatherdid.Theseprizesgavehimafeelingofimportance.

Ifourancestorshadn’thadthisflamingurgeforafeelingofimportance,civilizationwouldhavebeenimpossible.Withoutit,weshouldhavebeenjustaboutlikeanimals.

Itwasthisdesireforafeelingofimportancethatledanuneducated,poverty–strickengroceryclerktostudysomelawbookshefoundinthebottomofabarrelofhouseholdplunderthathehadboughtforfiftycents.Youhaveprobablyheardofthisgroceryclerk.HisnamewasLincoln.

ItwasthisdesireforafeelingofimportancethatinspiredDickenstowritehisimmortalnovels.ThisdesireinspiredSirChristopherWrentodesignhissymphoniesinstone.ThisdesiremadeRockefelleramassmillionsthatheneverspent!

Andthissamedesiremadetherichestfamilyinyourtownbuildahousefartoolargeforitsrequirements.

Thisdesiremakesyouwanttowearthelateststyles,drivethelatestcars,andtalkaboutyourbrilliantchildren.

Itisthisdesirethatluresmanyboysandgirlsintojoininggangsandengagingincriminalactivities.Theaverageyoungcriminal,accordingtoE.P.Mulrooney,onetimepolicecommissionerofNewYork,isfilledwithego,andhisfirstrequestafterarrestisforthoseluridnewspapersthatmakehimoutahero.Thedisagreeableprospectofservingtimeseemsremotesolongashecangloatoverhislikenesssharingspacewithpicturesofsportsfigures,movieandTVstarsandpoliticians.

Thedifferencebetweenappreciationandflattery?

Thatissimple.Oneissincereandtheotherinsincere.Onecomesfromtheheartout;theotherfromtheteethout.Oneisunselfish;theotherselfish.Oneisuniversallyadmired;theotheruniversallycondemned.

IrecentlysawabustofMexicanheroGeneralAlvaroObregonintheChapultepecpalaceinMexicoCity.BelowthebustarecarvedthesewisewordsfromGeneralObregon’sphilosophy:

“Don’tbeafraidofenemieswhoattackyou.Beafraidofthefriendswhoflatteryou.”

No!

No!

No!

Iamnotsuggestingflattery!

Farfromit.I’mtalkingaboutanewwayoflife.Letmerepeat.Iamtalkingaboutanewwayoflife.

KingGeorgeVhadasetofsixmaximsdisplayedonthewallsofhisstudyatBuckinghamPalace.Oneofthesemaximssaid:

“Teachmeneithertoproffernorreceivecheappraise.”That’sallflatteryis–cheappraise.Ioncereadadefinitionofflatterythatmaybeworthrepeating:

“Flatteryistellingtheotherpersonpreciselywhathethinksabouthimself.”

“Usewhatlanguageyouwill,”saidRalphWaldoEmerson,“youcanneversayanythingbutwhatyouare.”

Ifallwehadtodowasflatter,everybodywouldcatchonandweshouldallbeexpertsinhumanrelations.

Whenwearenotengagedinthinkingaboutsomedefiniteproblem,weusuallyspendabout95percentofourtimethinkingaboutourselves.Now,ifweshopthinkingaboutourselvesforawhileandbegintothinkoftheotherperson’sgoodpoints,wewon’thavetoresorttoflatterysocheapandfalsethatitcanbespottedalmostbeforeitisoutofthemouth.

Oneofthemostneglectedvirtuesofoutdailyexistenceisappreciation.Somehow,weneglecttopraiseoursonordaughterwhenheorshebringshomeagoodreportcard,andwefailtoencourageourchildrenwhentheyfirstsucceedinbakingacakeorbuildingabirdhouse.Nothingpleaseschildrenmorethanthiskindofparentalinterestandapproval.

Thenexttimeyouenjoyfiletmignonattheclub,sendwordtothechefthatitwasexcellentlyprepared,andwhenatiredsalespersonshowsyouunusualcourtesy,pleasementionit.

Everyminister,lecturerandpublicspeakerknowsthediscouragementofpouringhimselforherselfouttoanaudienceandnotreceivingasinglerippleofappreciativecomment.Whatappliestoprofessionalsappliesdoublytoworkersinoffices,shopsandfactoriesandourfamiliesandfriends.Inourinterpersonalrelationsweshouldneverforgetthatallourassociatesarehumanbeingsandhungerforappreciation.Itisthelegaltenderthatallsoulsenjoy.

Tryleavingafriendlytrailoflittlesparksofgratitudeonyourdailytrips.Youwillbesurprisedhowtheywillsetsmallflamesoffriendshipthatwillberosebeaconsonyournextvisit.PamelaDunhamofNewFairfield,Connecticut,hadamongherresponsibilitiesonherjobthesupervisionofajanitorwhowasdoingaverypoorjob.Theotheremployeeswouldjeerathimandlitterthehallwaystoshowhimwhatabadjobhewasdoing.Itwassobad,productivetimewasbeinglostintheshop.

Withoutsuccess,Pamtriedvariouswaystomotivatethisperson.Shenoticedthatoccasionallyhedidaparticularlygoodpieceofwork.Shemadeapointtopraisehimforitinfrontoftheotherpeople.Eachdaythejobhedidallaroundgotbetter,andprettysoonhestarteddoingallhisworkefficiently.Nowhedoesanexcellentjobandotherpeoplegivehimappreciationandrecognition.Honestappreciationgotresultswherecriticismandridiculefailed.

Hurtingpeoplenotonlydoesnotchangethem,itisnevercalledfor.ThereisanoldsayingthatIhavecutoutandpastedonmymirrorwhereIcannothelpbutseeiteveryday:

Ishallpassthiswaybutonce;anygoodtherefore,thatIcandooranykindnessthatIcanshowtoanyhumanbeing,letmedoitnow.Letmenotdefernorneglectit,forIshallnotpassthiswayagain.

Emersonsaid:

“EverymanImeetismysuperiorinsomeway.Inthat,Ilearnofhim.”

IfthatwastrueofEmerson,isn’titlikelytobeathousandtimesmoretrueofyouandme?

Let’sceasethinkingofouraccomplishments,ourwants.Let’strytofigureourotherperson’sgoodpoints.Thenforgetflattery.Givehonest,sincereappreciation.Be“heartyinyourapprobationandlavishinyourpraise,”andpeoplewillcherishyourwordsandtreasurethemandrepeatthemoveralifetime–repeatthemyearsafteryouhaveforgottenthem.

From:

DaleCarnegie.HowToStopWorryingAndStartLiving［M］．Beijing:

ChinaMaterialPress，2005.

和人交往的一大秘诀

戴尔·卡耐基

天底下只有一个方法，可以让任何一个人去做任何一件事。

你曾经停下来去想过这件事吗？

是的，只有这一个方法。

那就是让人想去做这件事。

记住，再没有别的办法。

当然，你可以用左轮手枪顶住一个人的肋部，让他愿意把表给你。

你转身之前，可以通过威胁解雇的方法，让员工和你合作。

你可以通过鞭打或恫吓，让一个孩做你想让他做的事。

但是，这些粗鲁的方法都有令人不快的强烈反应。

我能让你去做任何事情的唯一方法，就是把你想要的东西给你。

你想要什么呢？

西格蒙德·弗洛伊德说过，你我做的一切都源自两种动机：

性冲动和成为伟人的欲望。

美国最渊博的哲学家之一约翰·杜威措辞稍微不同。

杜威博士说，人性中最深层的冲动是“成为显要的欲望”。

记住“成为显要的欲望”这个措辞。

这值得注意。

你会从这本书中得很多有关这句话的内容。

你想要什么？

东西并不是很多，但确实是你想要的几种东西，你坚持想要，这不可否认。

大多数人都想要的一些东西包括：

1．健康与生命保障。

2．食物。

3．睡眠。

4．金钱和金钱能买到的东西。

5．今后人生。

6．性满足。

7．子女幸福。

8．显要感。

除了其中一个，几乎所有这些需要常常都能得到满足。

但是，有一种渴望，几乎像食物或睡眠一样，既深刻又迫切，很少能得到满足。

这就是弗洛伊德所谓的“成为伟人的欲望”。

也就是杜威所谓的“成为显要的欲望”。

有一次，林肯写信开头就说：

“每个人都喜欢受到称赞。

”威廉·詹姆斯说：

“人性中最深刻的准则就是迫切需要得到赏识。

”请你注意，他不是说“希望”、“欲望”、或“渴望”，而是说“迫切需要”得到赏识。

这是一个令人痛苦、坚定不移的人性渴望，而且只有极少数确实能满