句子成分简单句带答案.docx

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句子成分简单句带答案.docx

句子成分简单句带答案

语法复习:

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:

构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语(subject)和谓语(predicate);次要成分有表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补足语(complement)和同位语(appositive);句子的成分由实词担任。

实词有名词n,代词pron,形容词adj,副词adv,数词num,动词v,;虚词有冠词art,介词prep,连词conj,助动词helpingv.等,虚词在句中只起辅助和联系作用,不能单独做句子成分。

(二)主语:

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示所谈的是“谁”或“什么”,一般位于句首,即在谓语之前。

可充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)

Tenisaveryimportantnumber.(数词)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式todo)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词doing)

Hisbeinglatemadeherveryangry.(带有逻辑主语的动名词doing)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式todo)

It’snotyourfaultthatthishashappened.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的that从句)

但在therebe结构、疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语/助动词/情态动词后面。

(三)谓语:

谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”,或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语通常由动词充当,一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下:

动词分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词,助动词四类

其中,1.实义动词包括及物动词vt.(后要带宾语)和不及物动词vi.

2.连系动词包括:

系动词be;感官动词look/sound/smell/feel/taste;表示“保持,持续”keep,remain,stay,continue,表示变化:

go,get,grow,become,fall,turn;表示“好像”:

seem,appear.

3.情态动词不能单独做谓语,常和其他动词原形一起构成谓语。

情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,haveto,shall/should,will/would,oughtto,dare,need,usedto.

如:

Imustgo.WemustworkveryhardatEnglish.HewilldrivetoBeijingtomorrow.

4.助动词不能单独做谓语,常和其他动词一起构成谓语。

如:

Idon’tlikereading.Doyoulikereading….?

Hedoesn’tlikemusic.Doeshegetupearly?

Wedidn’tseehim.Didyougothere?

Sheiswritingaletternow.Ishesinging?

Theyaredancingnow.Areyouwaitingforme?

Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Haveyouseenthefilm?

Shehadgonetherebeforeyouleft.Hadhesentyoutheemailbeforeyoutoldme?

综上句子,助动词do/does/did帮助构成否定式和疑问句;

助动词is/am/are/was/were帮助构成进行时态和疑问句;

助动词have/has/had帮助构成完成时态和疑问句

另:

谓语有时态,语态,语气,人称的变化。

时态主动语态被动语态

1.一般现在时:

(1)be(am/is/are);

(2)动词原形/动词的三单形式+s/es,am/is/are+p.p

2.一般过去时:

(1)be(was/were,)

(2)动词的过去式-ed)was/were+p.p.

3.现在进行时:

(am\is\are+动词的现在分词doing)am/is/are+being+p.p.

4.过去进行时:

was\were+动词的现在分词doing)was/were+being+p.p.

5.一般将来时:

(1)am\is\aregoingto+动词原形)is/am/aregoingtobe+p.p.

(2)will\shall+动词原形)will/shallbe+p.p.

6.过去将来时:

(1)was\weregoingto+动词原形)was/weregoingtobe+p.p

(2)would\should+动词原形)wouldbe+p.p

7.现在完成时:

(has\have+动词的过去分词p.p)have/hasbeen+p.p.

8.过去完成时:

(had+动词的过去分词p.p)hadbeen+p.p.

9.含情态动词的句子:

(can\may\must…+动词原形)情态动词+be+p.p

(四)表语:

表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,go,get,grow,fall,turn,seem,appear,keep,remain,look/sound/smell/feel/sound,等)之后。

例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)

Isityours?

(代词)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)

Thespeechisexciting.(分词)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?

(数词)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobbyisplayingfootball.(动名词)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)

Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:

宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词vt.和介词后面。

例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?

Ihavefive.(数词)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),

例如:

Lendmeyourdictionary,please.Lendyourdictionarytome,please.

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:

Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)宾语补足语:

英语中有些及物动词vt,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:

某些及物动词(如make+宾语+宾补)。

宾补可由以下词来充当。

例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)

Letthefreshairin.(副词)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)

(七)定语:

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

定语可由以下等成分表示:

单个词做定语放在被修饰词前面(前置定语);短语做定语放在被修饰词后面(后置定语);

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)

Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.(数词)

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)

Weshouldfollowtheteacher’sadvice.?

(名词所有格)

HisprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)

Don’twakeupthesleepingbaby.(现在分词)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(现在分词/过去分词)

Themantogiveusthespeechisaprofessor.(动词不定式)

Themanupstairscamebacklate.Whoisthemanoverthere?

(副词)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)

HeisreadingannovelwhichiswrittenbyHanhan.(定语从句)

但:

形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing等时放在这些词之后。

Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.

(八)状语:

修饰动词v,形容词adj,副词adv,或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。

可充当状语的有:

HespeaksEnglishbadlybutreadsitwell.(副词)

Naturallyhewonthegame.(副词)

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)

Atthetopwestoppedtolookattheview.(不定式短语---目的状语)

Walkinginthestreet,Imetmyoldfriend.(分词---时间状语)

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语—伴随状语)

Waitaminute.(名词)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句)

状语按用途可分为以下10类:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?

(时间状语)

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语)

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语)

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语)

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语)

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语)

Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)

句子成分练习题

(一)

(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,)

①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.

②Thereisanoldmancominghere.

③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.

④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.

(二)选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,)

①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall

②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.

A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer

③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus

④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.

A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon

⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?

A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast

⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.

A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework

⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.

A.wantB.totellC.youD.is

⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.

A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor

⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.

A.isB.interestedC.inD.music

⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?

A.giveB.didC.whomD.book

(三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,)

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?

⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.

⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.

⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.

⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.

⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.

(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,)

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?

③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.

⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.

(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,)

①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.

②Whatisyourgivenname?

③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.

④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.

⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.

⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!

(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,)

①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.

②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.

③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.

④TheycallmeLilysometimes.

⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.

⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,)

①Therewasabigsmileonherface.

②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.

③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.

④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.

⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.

⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.

⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.

(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,)

①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomclea

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