黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰一中阿城二中等四校学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案.docx
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黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰一中阿城二中等四校学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题Word版含答案
呼兰一中阿城二中宾县三中尚志五中四校联考
2018——2019学年度下学期期中考试高二英语试题
出题人:
审题人:
第I卷
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Areyouamorningperson?
Youmightnotlikethefindingsinthisnewresearch.
Fromalackofairanddrinkingwatertosolarradiation,theoreticalMarspioneersfaceanynumberofpotentialobstaclestosettlingontheredplanet.Now,scientistshavefoundsomethingelsetoaddtothelist:
seriouslymessed-upbiologicalclocks.
OnedayonMars-whichscientistsrefertoasthesolarday,or“sol”-is37minuteslongerthanadayonEarth.AteamofEuropeanscientistsrecentlydemonstratedwhythatcouldbeaproblem.
Circadianrhythmsarethebody’snaturalcyclesofrestandwaking,whichtendtofollowroughly24-hourlight-darkcycles.Thesenaturalrhythms-whichplayaroleinbiologicalfunctionsincludingbrainwaveactivityandhormoneproduction-canbeinterruptedbythingslikejetlag(时差)andnightshiftwork.
Forthestudy,theresearcherscomparedmicewithhealthy,24-hourcircadianclockstomicewithageneticchangethatcausedthemtohaveshorter,20-hourcircadianclocks.Themicewithhealthybiologicalclocksweremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whilethemicewithshorterbiologicalclocksweremorelikelytodieoff.
Whatdoesthisallhavetodowithspacetravel?
SincetheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth,peoplewithshortercircadianclockscouldsufferfromhealthproblemsastheytrytoadapttotherotationalspeedoftheredplanet.
Unfortunately,thebodyisunlikelytoadapttothenewconditionsor“learn”todevelopalongerclock.AsLoudonexplained,“Learningisnotalikelyoption.”
Inotherwords:
Sorry,super-earlyrisers-NASAmightnotwantyouforthenextMarsmission.
1.Fromthepassage,peoplecanfacethefollowingtroubleslivingonMarsEXCEPT______.
A.absenceofairB.alotoffiercecreatures
C.lackofdrinkingwaterD.messed-upbiologicalclocks
12.Accordingtoscientists,howlongdoesonedayonMarslast?
A.24hours.B.23hoursand23minutes.
C.24hoursand37minutes.D.12hoursand37minutes.
3.LifeonMarswouldseriouslymesswithyoursleepbecause________.
A.theMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth
B.thebody’snaturalcyclescanbeshortened
C.hormoneproductionwillhurtbiologicalfunctions
D.thebrainwaveactivitywillbeinterrupted
B
Keepingsecretsisaburden
“Don’ttellanyone”.Wehearthesewordswhensomeonetellsasecrettous.Butitcanbehardtokeepasecret.We’reoftentemptedto“spillthebeans(说漏嘴)”,evenifweregretitlater.
AccordingtoAsimShah,professorintheMenningerDepartmentofPsychiatryandBehavioralSciencesatBaylorCollegeofMedicine,US,keepingasecretmaywell“becomeaburden”.Thisisbecausepeopleoftenhavean“obsessiveandanxiousurgetoshareitwithsomeone”.
Anearlierstudy,ledbyAnitaE.Kelly,ascientistattheUniversityofNotreDame,US,suggestedthatkeepingasecretcouldcausestress.Peopleentrusted(受委托的)withsecretscansufferfromdepression,anxiety,andbodyaches,reportedtheDailyMail.
Butwithsecretssooftengettingout,whydopeoplesharethematall?
Shahexplainedthatpeopleoftenfeelthatitwillhelpthemkeepapersonasafriend.Anotherreasonpeoplesharesecretsisguiltoverkeepingitfromsomeoneclosetothem.Asenseofdistrustcandevelopwhenpeoplewhoareclosedonotshareitwitheachother.“Keepingorsharingsecretsoftenputspeopleinapositionofeithergainingorlosingthetrustofsomeone,”accordingtoShah.
Headdedthattalkativepeoplecouldletsecretsslipout(泄露).Butthisdoesn’tmeanthatitisagoodideaonlytosharesecretswithquietpeople.Aquietpersonmaybesomeonewhokeepseverythinginside.Totellsuchapersonasecretmaycausethemstress,andmakethemtalkaboutthesecret.Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret.
Shahsaidthattojudgewhethertotellsomeoneasecret,you’dbetterputyourselfintheirposition.Thinkabouthowyouwouldfeeltobetoldthatyoumustn’tgivetheinformationaway.Shahalsorecommendedthatifyouaccidentallygiveupsomeone’ssecretyoushouldcomecleanaboutit.Letthepersonknowthattheirsecretisn’tsosecretanymore.
4.Whatdoesunderlinedword“obsessive”mean?
A.Unwilling.
B.Confusing.
C.Wantingtodosomethingverymuch.
D.Refusingtoacceptfacts.
5.WhatdidresearchersattheUniversityofNotreDamediscoveraboutsecret-keeping?
A.Itcanresultinmentalandphysicalproblems.
B.Itcanhelppromotefriendshipsbetweenpeople.
C.Itcanharmrelationshipsbetweenfriends
D.Itcanresultinasenseofdistrustbetweenfriends
6.WhatisthemainmessageofParagraph5?
A.It’sbettertoshareyoursecretswithquietpeople.
B.Quietpeoplesufferlessstressfromkeepingsecrets.
C.Talkativepeopleareunlikelytokeepsecrets.
D.It’snotagoodideatoshareyoursecretswithothers.
7.WhatdoesShahsuggestpeopledoiftheygiveawaysomeone’ssecretbyaccident?
A.Stayawayfromtheperson.
B.Telltheaffectedpersonwhathappened.
C.Exchangeanewsecretwiththeperson.
D.Buythepersonagiftasanapology.
C
America'stopeducationofficialsaysmanyschoolsarespendingtoomuchtimeteachingthe“basics”—reading,mathandwriting.Itmightseemoppositetowhateducatorshavebeenpromoting.ButU.S.EducationSecretaryJohnKingsayschildrenreallydeserveaccesstoawell-roundededucationthatincludesmusicandartsbecauseitwillhelpthemgointobeingwell-rounded,well-educatedpersons.
Kingspokeabouthisowneducationwhenexplainingwhyschoolsneedtoteachmorethanmath,readingandwriting.
KinggrewupinNewYork.Bothhisparentsdiedwhenhewasquiteyoung.Inhishouse,thingswereoftencrazyandfrightening.Itwashisteacher,Mr.Osterwei,whohelpedhimescapehisdifficultlife.Quiteoften,theteachertookhimandhisclassmatestothetheater,thezoo,theballetandfamousMuseumofNaturalHistory.“Thosewerepowerful,life-changingexperiences,”Kingsays.KinggraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.HereceivedhislawdegreefromYaleUniversity.HetookchargeofNewYorkStatepublicschoolsfrom2011-2015.TheU.S.SenateapprovedhimasEducationsecretarylastmonth.
Manyschoolsspendalmostallfundingonthe“basics”becausetheylackmoneyforothersubjects,Kingsays.Ortheywantstudentstodobetterontestsusedtocomparestudentperformance.
Studentsneedtoconnecttheirstudiesandthingsthatmattertothempersonally,suchasmusiciftheyaretobecome“sophisticated(水平高的)thinkers”.A2013reportbyUNESCOsaystoday'sworldneedspeopleabletosolvenewandunusualproblems.Itsaysartscanhelpstudentsfindthoseanswers.Inthereport,UNESCOsaidteachingtheartsinChina,SouthKoreaandJapanisdifferent.
FromthatinmanyWesterncountries,theemphasis(重点)inthosethreecountriesis“onjoyfulexperiencesandchildren'sinterests.”IntheWest,educatorsaremorelikelytoconnecttheartstoreading,writingandmath.A2014reporttriedtocomparehowwellcountriesteachchildrenhowtosolveproblems.ItfoundSingapore,SouthKorea,Japan,China,Canada,AustraliaandFinlandwiththehighestscoresfor15-year-olds.Singaporeledthewaywithascoreof562outofapossible1,000.Theaveragescorewas500.TheUnitedStateshadascoreof508.
8.Accordingtoparagraph1,whathaveeducatorsbeenencouraging?
A.Teachingartsshouldneverbeputsecondtoteachingthe“basic”.
B.Moremoneyandtimeoughttobesetasideforteachingarts.
C.Researchshouldbedonetoensureawell-roundededucation.
D.Enoughtimeissupposedtobespentinteachingthe“basics”.
9.Kingspokeabouthisowneducationexperienceto________.
A.sharewithushisextraordinaryeducationbackground
B.tellushisteacherattachedgreatimportancetoteaching
C.confirmaccesstoartscontributestogoodacademicperformances
D.callonschoolstogiveartslessonsasmuchattentionasthe"basics"ones
10.Theauthorconvincesusoftheimportanceofteachingartsbydifferentmeansexcept________.
A.bygivingexamplesB.bymakingcomparisons
C.byanalyzingfiguresD.byperformingexperiments
11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Schoolsaresupposedtobefar-sighted
B.Kidsshouldbewell-roundedpersons
C.Kidsneedmorethan“thebasics”tolearn
D.Teachersmusthaveadvancedteachingmethods
D
Whydopeoplelie?
Manypsychologistsagreethatlyingcanstartfromchildhood.Therearevariousreasonswhychildrenmakefalsestatements.Theyusuallytelluntruthfulstoriestocoverupthemistakesthattheyhavedoneinthepast.Lyingisalsoawaytoavoidreceivingpunishmentsfromparents.Ifparentsfailtoreprimandtheirchildrenformakingupfalsestories,thenthereisapossibilitythattheywillcontinuetolieduringtheirteenageyears.
Teenagersliebecausetheywanttobeacceptedbytheirfriends.Thisisthemainreasonwhytheycreatestoriesthatarenottruejusttobecomepresentableandacceptabletootherpeople.Insomeinstances,teenagerstelluntruthfulstatementstoavoidcriticismsfromtheirfamiliesandfriends.
Asteenagersgrow,lyingbecomesoneoftheirhabits.Theirknowledgeonmakingupuntruthfulstoriesbecomesmoredeveloped.Peoplelieinworkplacesiftheyfailtomeetthedeadlinesandiftheyfailtoaccomplishanddotheirtasksefficiently.Someofthecommonliesmadeinworkplacesaregettingsickandhavingemergenciesathome.Thedangerinvolvedinfrequentlyingiswhenitbecomesacharacter.Frequentlyingcausesthedevelopmen