中国古诗词的英文翻译汇总.docx

中国古诗词的英文翻译汇总.docx

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中国古诗词的英文翻译汇总

中国古诗词的英文翻译

　　我们极少有人像托姆布雷一样阅读，将自己沉浸在希腊文、拉丁文和英文诗歌里。

下面我整理了，希望大家喜欢!

　　品析

　　?

孙子兵法---作战篇?

　　孙子曰：

凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。

那么内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

　　其用战也胜，久那么钝兵挫锐，攻城那么力屈，久暴师那么国用缺乏。

夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，那么诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者，不能善其后矣。

故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。

夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。

故不尽知用兵之害者，那么不能尽知用兵之利也。

　　善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。

国之贫于师者远输，远输那么百姓贫;近师者贵卖，贵卖那么百姓财竭，财竭那么急于丘役。

力屈、财殚，中原内虚其家，百姓之费，十去其七;公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弩，戟楯蔽橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。

　　故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟;[艹+忌]杆一石，当吾二十石。

　　故杀敌者，怒也;取敌之利者，货也。

故车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者，而更其旌旗，车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

　　故兵贵胜，不贵久。

　　故知兵之将，生民之司命，国家安危之主也。

　　WagingWar

　　SunWu

　　Inoperationsofwar—whenonethousandfastfour-horsechariots,onethousandheavychariots,andonethousandmail-cladsoldiersarerequired;whenprovisionsaretransportedforathousand

li;whenthereareexpendituresathomeandatthefront,andstipendsforentertainmentofenvoysandadvisers—thecostofmaterialssuchasglueandlacquer,andofchariotsandarmor,will

amounttoonethousandpiecesofgoldaday.Onehundredthousandtroopsmaybedispatchedonlywhenthismoneyisinhand.

　　Aspeedyvictoryisthemainobjectinwar.Ifthisislongincoming,weaponsarebluntedandmoraledepressed.Iftroopsareattackingcities,theirstrengthwillbeexhausted.Whenthearmy

engagesinprotractedcampaigns,theresourcesofthestatewillfallshort.Whenyourweaponsaredulledandardordampened,yourstrengthexhaustedandtreasurespent,thechieftainsofthe

neighboringstateswilltakeadvantageofyourcrisistoact.Inthatcase,noman,howeverwise,willbeabletoavertthedisastrousconsequencesthatensue.Thus,whilewehaveheardofstupid

hasteinwar,wehavenotyetseenacleveroperationthatwasprolonged.Fortherehasneverbeenaprotractedwarwhichbenefitedacountry.Therefore,thoseunabletounderstandtheevils

inherentinemployingtroopsareequallyunabletounderstandtheadvantageouswaysofdoingso.

　　Thoseadeptinwagingwardonotrequireasecondlevyofconscriptsormorethattwoprovisionings.Theycarrymilitaryequipmentfromthehomeland,butrelyontheenemyforprovisions.Thus,

thearmyisplentifullyprovidedwithfood.

　　Whenacountryisimpoverishedbymilitaryoperations,itisduetodistanttransportation;carryingsuppliesforgreatdistancesrendersthepeopledestitute.Wheretroopsaregathered,prices

goup.Whenpricesrise,thewealthofthepeopleisdrainedaway.Whenwealthisdrainedaway,thepeoplewillbeafflictedwithurgentandheavyexactions.Withthislossofwealthand

exhaustionofstrengththehouseholdsinthecountrywillbeextremelypoorandseven-tenthsoftheirwealthdissipated.Astogovernmentexpenditures,thoseduetobroken-downchariots,

worn-outhorses,armorandhelmets,bowsandarrows,spearsandshields,protectivemantlets,draftoxen,andwagonswillamountto60percentofthetotal.

　　Hence,awisegeneralseestoitthathistroopsfeedontheenemy,foronezhongoftheenemy'sprovisionsisequivalenttotwentyofone'sownandoneshioftheenemy'sfoddertotwentyshi

ofone'sown.

　　Inordertomakethesoldierscourageousinovercomingtheenemy,theymustberousedtoanger.Inordertocapturemorebootyfromtheenemy,soldiersmusthavetheirrewards.

　　Therefore,inchariotfightingwhenmorethantenchariotsarecaptured,rewardthosewhotakethefirst.Replacetheenemy'sflagsandbannerswithyouown,mixthecapturedchariots

withyours,andmountthem.Treattheprisonersofwarwell,andcareforthem.Thisiscalled'winningabattleandbecomingstronger.'

　　Hence,whatisvaluedinwarisvictory,notprolongedoperations.Andthegeneralwhounderstandshowtoemploytroopsistheministerofthepeople'sfateandarbiterofthenation'sdestiny.

　　经典的

　　?

孙子兵法---谋攻篇?

　　孙子曰：

凡用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之;全军为上，破军次之;全旅为上，破旅次之;全卒为上，破卒次之;全伍为上，破伍次之。

是故百战百胜，非善之善也;不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

　　故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。

攻城之法为不得已。

修橹轒辒具器械、三月而后成，距闉，又三月而后已。

将不胜其忿，而蚁附之，杀士三分之一而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。

　　故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，必以全争于天下，

　　故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。

　　故用兵之法，十那么围之，五那么攻之，倍那么分之，敌那么能战之，少那么能逃之，不假设那么能避之。

故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。

　　夫将者，国之辅也。

辅周那么国必强，辅隙那么国必弱。

　　故君之所以患于军者三：

　　不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是为縻军;

　　不知三军之事而同三军之政者，那么军士惑矣;

　　不知三军之权而同三军之任，那么军士疑矣。

　　三军既惑且疑，那么诸侯之难至矣，是谓乱军引胜。

　　故知胜有五：

　　知可以战与不可以战者胜;

　　识众寡之用者胜;

　　上下同欲者胜;

　　以虞待不虞者胜;

　　将能而君不御者胜。

　　此五者，知胜之道也。

　　故曰：

知己知彼，百战不贻;不知彼而知己，一胜一负;不知彼不知己，每战必贻。

　　AttackingbyStratagem

　　SunWu

　　Sunzisaid:

　　Generallyinwar,thebestpolicyistotaketheenemystatewholeandintact,todestroyitisnot.Tohavetheenemy'sarmysurrenderinitsentiretyisbetterthantocrushit;likewise,

totakeabattalion,acompanyorafive-mansquadintactisbetterthantodestroyit.Therefore,tofightahundredbattlesandwineachandeveryoneofthemisnotthewisestthingtodo.

Tobreaktheenemy'sresistancewithoutfightingis.

　　Thus,thebestpolicyinwaristothwarttheenemy'sstrategy.Thesecondbestistodisrupthisalliancesthroughdiplomaticmeans.Thethirdbestistoattackhisarmyinthefield.The

worstpolicyofallistoattackwalledcities.

　　Attackawalledcityonlywhenthereisnoalternative.Forittakesatleastthreemonthstomakemantletsandshieldedvehiclesreadyandpreparethenecessaryarmsandequipment;forit

takesanotherthreemonthstobuildtheearthenmoundsforsoldierstoascendthewalls.Thecommanderwholoseshisimpatienceordershistroopstoassaultlikeswarmingants,withtheresult

thatonethirdofhismenareslainandthecityremainuntaken.Suchisthecalamityofattackingwalledcities.

　　Therefore,hewhoisskilledinwarsubduestheenemy'sarmywithoutfighting.Hecapturestheenemy'scitieswithoutassaultingthem.Heoverthrowstheenemykingdomwithoutprolonged

operationsinthefield.Bytakingallunderheavenwithhis"wholeandintactstrategy,"hewinstotalvictorywithoutwearingouthistroops.Thisisthemethodofattackingbystratagem.

　　Consequently,theartofusingtroopsis:

whenyououtnumbertheenemytentoone,surroundhim;whenfivetoone,attackhim;whentwotoone,dividehim;andifequallymatched,standupto

him.tr.:

Anotherversionofthetextreads"whentwotoone,standuptohim;andifequallymatched,dividehim."Ifyouarefewerthantheenemyinnumber,retreat.Ifyouarenomatchfor

him,trytoeludehim.Fornomatterhowstubbornlyasmallforcemayfight,itmustintheendsuccumbtogreaterstrengthandfallcaptivetoit.

　　Thecommanderisthecountry'sbulwark.Hisproficiencyinwarcanmakethecountrystrong,hisdeficiencymakesitweak.

　　Therearethreewaysbywhichasovereignmaybringdisastertohisarmy:

　　One,hearbitrarilyordershisarmytoadvanceorretreatwheninfactitshouldnot,thushamperingtheinitiativeofthearmy.

　　Two,heinterfereswiththeadministrationofthearmywhenheisignorantofitsinternalaffairs,thuscausingconfusionamongtheofficersandmen.

　　Three,heinterfereswiththeofficers'command,unawareoftheprinciplethatanarmyshouldadoptdifferenttacticsaccordingtodifferentcircumstances.Thiswillcreatemisgivingsinthe

mindsoftheofficersandmen.

　　Whenanarmyisconfusedandfraughtwithmisgivings,neighboringstateswilltakeadvantageofthesituationandattack.Thiswilldisruptthearmyandhelptheenemytowin.

　　Therefore,therearefivefactorstoconsiderinanticipatingwhichsidewillwin,namely:

　　Thesidewhichknowswhentofightandwhennottowillwin;

　　Thesidewhichknowsthedifferencebetweencommandingalargearmyandasmallarmywillwin;

　　Thesidewhichhasunityofpurposeamongitsofficersandmenwillwin;

　　Thesidewhichengagesenemytroopsthatareunpreparedwithpreparednessonitsownpartwillwin;and

　　Thesidewhichhasacapablecommanderwhoisfreeofinterferencefromthesovereignwillwin.

　　Bearingthesepointsinmind,oneisabletoforecastvictoryinawar.

　　ThereforeIsay:

Knowyourenemyandknowyourselfandyoucanfightahundredbattleswithoutperil.Ifyouareignorantoftheenemyandknowonlyyourself,youwillstandequalchancesof

winningandlosing.Ifyouknowneithertheenemynoryourself,youareboundtobedefeatedineverybattle.

　　关于

　　?

孙子兵法---形篇?

　　孙子曰：

　　昔之善战者，先为不可胜，以待敌之可胜。

不可胜在己，可胜在敌。

故善战者，能为不可胜，不能使敌之必可胜。

故曰：

胜可知，而不可为。

　　不可胜者，守也;可胜者，攻也。

守那么缺乏，攻那么有余。

善守者藏于九地之下，善攻者动于九天之上，故能自保而全胜也。

见胜不过众人之所知，非善之善者也;战胜而天下曰善，非善之善者也。

故举秋毫不为多力，见日月不为明目，闻雷霆不为聪耳。

古之所谓善战者，胜于易胜者也。

故善战者之胜也，无智名，无勇功，故其战胜不忒。

不忒者，其所措必胜，胜已败者也。

故善战者，立于不败之地，而不失敌之败也。

是故胜兵先胜而后求战，败兵先战而后求胜。

善用兵者，修道而保法，故能为胜败之政。

　　兵法：

一曰度，二曰量，三曰数，四曰称，五曰胜。

地生度，度生量，量生数，数生称，称生胜。

故胜兵假设以镒称铢，败兵假设以铢称镒。

胜者之战民也，假设决积水于千仞之溪者，形也。

　　Dispositions

　　SunWU

　　Theskillfulwarriorsinancienttimesfirstmadethemselvesinvincibleandthenawaitedtheenemy'smomentofvulnerability.Invincibilitydependsononeself,buttheenemy'vulnerabilityon

himself.Itfollowsthatthoseskilledinwarcanmakethemselvesinvinciblebutcannotcauseanenemytobecertainlyvulnerable.Therefore,itcanbesaidthat,onemayknowhowtowin,butcannot

necessarilydoso.

　　Defendyourselfwhenyoucannotdefeattheenemy,andattacktheenemywhenyoucan.Onedefendswhenhisstrengthisinadequate;heattackswhenitisabundant.Thosewhoareskilledindefense

hidethemselvesasunderthenine-foldearth;[inancientChina,thenumberninewasusedtosignifythehighestnumber.]thoseinattackflashforthasfromabovethenine-foldheavens.Thus,they

arecapablebothofprotectingthemselvesandofgainingacompletevictory.

　　Toforeseeavictorywhichtheordinarymancanforeseeisn