考研英语一真题.docx

考研英语一真题.docx

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考研英语一真题

2014年考研英语

（一）真题　　

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember___1___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___2___,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."___3___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea（an）___4___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___5___.

　　Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___6___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___7___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___8___.Thinkingisessentiallya___9___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___10___inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.___11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___12___mentaleffort.

　　Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___13__anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___14___.

　　TheWeb-basedprogram___15___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___16___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___17___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___18___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___19___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea（n）___20___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.

　　1.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhy

　　2.AimprovesBfadesCrecoversDcollapses

　　3.AIfBUnlessCOnceDWhile

　　4.AunevenBlimitedCdamagingDobscure

　　5.AwellbeingBenvironmentCrelationshipDoutlook

　　6.AturnsBfindsCpointsDfigures

　　7.AroundaboutsBresponsesCworkoutsDassociations

　　8.AgenreBfunctionsCcircumstancesDcriterion

　　9.AchannelBconditionCsequenceDprocess

　　10.ApersistBbelieveCexcelDfeature

　　11.AThereforeBMoreoverCOtherwiseDHowever

　　12.AaccordingtoBregardlessofCapartfromDinsteadof

　　13.AbackBfurtherCasideDaround

　　14.AsharpnessBstabilityCframeworkDflexibility

　　15.AforcesBremindsChurriesDallows

　　16.AholdBtrackCorderDpace

　　17.AtoBwithCforDon

　　18.AirregularlyBhabituallyCconstantlyDunusually

　　19.AcarryBputCbuildDtake

　　20.AriskyBeffectiveCidleDfamiliar

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?

　　Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?

Really?

Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

　　Losingajobishurting:

youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:

ajob.

　　ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

　　21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto___________.

　　[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.

　　[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.

　　[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

　　[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.

　　22.Thephrase“tosignon”（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans

　　[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

　　[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.

　　[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.

　　[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

　　23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

　　[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

　　[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

　　[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

　　[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

　　24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel

　　[A]uneasy.

　　[B]enraged.

　　[C]insulted.

　　[D]guilty.

　　25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

　　[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.

　　[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

　　[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

　　[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

　　Text2

　　Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

　　Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

　　Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

　　Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

　　Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

　　Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.

　　26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto

　　[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.

　　[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.

　　[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

　　[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.

　　27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?

　　[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

　　[B]Admissionsapprov