英语高考复习形式主语.docx
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英语高考复习形式主语
英语高考复习——形式主语
1.形式主语是动词不定式的一种,它也是逻辑主语,可以把它归类到逻辑主语的第一种(不定式的逻辑主语)用作宾语的不定式,用作目的状语,用作结果状语的不定式都是属于不定式的大概念里面的。
2.作为形式主语的it并无实际语义,只是为满足语法上的需要,避免句子头重脚轻,它代替的是句子的逻辑主语,有如下情况:
1)句子的逻辑主语为不定式
如:
Itwasprettyhardforhimtobringupthechildonhisown.
2)句子的逻辑主语为从句
如:
Itsuddenlyoccurredtomethatthemessagemusthavebeenhidden
betweenthelayersofthebriefcase.
3)句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语
这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高,主要在(nogood,waste,useless,nouse,
dangerous)等词语的后面用
如:
Itisnogoodreadingindimlight.
注:
作形式主语的代词只能用it,不能用that,this等词。
例如:
3.it作形式主语的基本构架
1)It+is/was+adj./n.(形容词或名词)+todosth.
A.名词作表语。
主要有apity,apleasure,anidea等。
例如:
Itisagoodideatothinkthisway.
除be外,其他动词也有跟名词的情况。
例如:
Itrequireseffortstomasteraforeignlanguage.
形容词或形容词短语作表语。
分两种情况:
1)下列形容词:
kind,good,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,unwise,stupid,rude,careless,cruel,brave,naughty,polite,selfish等词作表语时,不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。
形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征,即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。
例如:
Itwasbraveofhertospeakoutinpublic.
这种ofsb.todosth.句型,of的宾语可以作句子的主语。
上面句子可以改写为:
Shewasbravetospeakoutinpublic.
2)其他形容词作表语,常见的形容词有:
necessary,hard,important,difficult,easy,possible,common等。
例如:
Itisnecessarytouseashort-waveradiotopickuptheprogrammes.
3).It+v.+todosth.
动词不定式作主语时除动词be以外,动词take,cost,need,require,make,sound,occur等也可用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面。
例如:
Itneededhardworktofinishthejob.
Itdidn,toccurtometoaskhimtohelpme.
4)It's+n.(名词或名词短语)/adj.(形容词)+doingsth.
1)下列形容词后常用动名词作真正主语:
nice,good,useless,hard,foolish,enjoyable,worthwhile等。
例如:
It'sfoolishbehavinglikethat.这样的表现是很愚蠢的。
Itisuselessdoingthat.那样做没用。
注:
下列名词或名词短语作表语时常用动名词作真正主语:
use,good,fun,awasteof,job,task等。
5).Itis+n.+clause:
Itisasurprisethatyougavesuchananswertothequestion.
6).Itis+adj.+clause:
Itisprobablethathehasknowneverything.
7).It+v+clause:
Itmadeusveryhappythatshewassaved.
8).It+be+分词+从句:
Itwasamusingthatarabbitranoutoftheemptyboxonthedesk.
注:
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以用it充当形式主语。
例如:
Itsaysinthenewspaperthattheenemyhasbeendefeated.
Drill
基础部分
Choosethecorrectanswer.
1.Is_______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?
A.thisB.thatC.itD.he
2.Idon’tthink_______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork..
A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
3.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
4.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_______didn’thelp.
A.heB.whichC.she D.it
5._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
6.Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
7.Don’t_______thatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobethemostsuccessful.
A.takeasgrantedB.takethisforgranted
C.takethatforgrantedD.takeitforgranted
8.Ilike_______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.
A.thisB.thatC.itD.one
提高部分
Choosethebestanswer.
1._______happened_______heisunfitfortheoffice.
A.This;thatB.That;thatC.It;thatD.He;that
2.Wetook_______forgrantedthattheywouldacceptouradvice.
A.thatB.thisC.itD.them
3._______thatthescientistwillgiveusatalknextmonth?
A.IstrueB.IsittrueC.It’strueD.It’struly
4._______doesn’tmattermuch_______dressyouaregoingtowear.
A.This;thatB.That;whoC.It;whichD.It;who
5._______isgoingtoAmericaforfurtherstudy.
A.HeissaidthatB.Peoplesaidthathe
C.ItwassaidheD.Itissaidthathe
6.Theyaregoodfriends._______isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.
A.ThisB.ThatC.ThereD.It
7.Is_______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it
8.Sheliked_______whenhekissedher.
A.himB.thatC.oneD.it
9._______willdoyougoodtodosomeexerciseeverymorning.
A.ItB.ThereC.ThoseD.One
10.Wethink_______ourdutytopaytaxestoourgovernment.
A.thatB.thisC.itsD.it
进阶部分
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
1.学一门外语非常重要。
____________________________________________________________________
2.你昨天没尝杏仁蛋糕真遗憾。
____________________________________________________________________
3.看来汤姆可能会改变主意。
____________________________________________________________________
4.他下周出国是真的吗?
____________________________________________________________________
5.从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间?
_____________________________________________
ObjectClause
Pivots:
1.在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:
动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
2.宾语从句的时态:
1).主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2).主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3).主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
3.宾语从句的连接词
1)从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
A.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,
B.if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句.
Hetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.
2)连接代词
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever…
连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?
3)连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.
.
4.动词的宾语从句
1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.
2)可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:
hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.
5.介词的宾语从句
1)用wh-类的介词宾语从句
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
2)用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
3)有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
6.形容词的宾语从句
引导的形容词:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
7.Transferrednegation(转移式否定)
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.
注:
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
Drill
基础部分
Choosethecorrectanswer.
()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.
A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are
()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
()6.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
()7.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
()8.Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
()9.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
()10.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
提高部分
Choosethebestanswer.
()1.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
()2.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
()3.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
()4.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
()5.SheaskedmeifIknew______.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
()6.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
()7.Didyouknow____?
A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor
C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter
()8.Couldyoutellme___?
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
进阶部分
Rewritethefollowingsentencesasrequired.
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
(改写句子)
→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
2.“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?
”heaskedme.(变为复合句)
→Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.
3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)
_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.
4.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)
They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.
Findoutthemistakesofthefollowingsentencesandcorrectthem,mark‘T’forcorrectsentences.
CouldyoutellmewhereisSwanHotelplease.
__________