全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案精选.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案精选.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案精选

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1_theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby_2_factors.ButDrSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig_3_wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith._4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft_6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To__8__thisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the____9___ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers___10____randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas____11____.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews_12_by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad_13_applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale_14_numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere_15_usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis_16_outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone_17__that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould_18_byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto_19_theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen_20__.

1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment

4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified

11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured

13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged

14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took

15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather

16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced

17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below

18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard

20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）　　

Text1

　　Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

　　Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,EliazabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.

　　Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

　　Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

　　TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.

　　Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.

　　21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

　　[A]poorbargainingskill.

　　[B]insensitivitytofashion.

　　[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

　　[D]lackofimagination.

　　22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

　　[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

　　[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

　　[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

　　[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

　　23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]accusation.

　　[B]enthusiasm.

　　[C]indifference.

　　[D]tolerance.

　　24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

　　[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

　　[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

　　[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

　　[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

　　25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

　　[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

　　[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

　　[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

　　Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

　　Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

　　InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

　　OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

　　Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

　　AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,M

Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

　　26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

　　[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

　　[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

　　[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

　　27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

　　[A]onlineadvertisers

　　[B]e-commerceconductors

　　[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

　　28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

　　[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

　　[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

　　[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

　　29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

　　[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

　　[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

　　[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

　　30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

　　[A]indulgence

　　[B]understanding

　　[C]appreciaction

[D]skepticism

Text3

　　Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywould