无机非金属材料专业材料概论英语词汇.docx
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无机非金属材料专业材料概论英语词汇
Chapter1
alloy合金atomic-scalearchitecture原子尺度结构(构造)brittle脆性的
ceramic陶瓷composite复合材料concrete混凝土conductor?
导体crystalline?
晶态的devitrified反玻璃化的(晶化的)
ductility(可)延(展)性,可锻性electronicandmagneticmaterial?
电子和磁性材料element元素fiberglass玻璃钢
glass玻璃glass-ceramic玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator绝缘体materialsscienceandengineering材料科学与工程
materialsselection材料选择metallic金属的microcircuitry微电路microscopic-scalearchitecture微观尺度结构(构造)noncrystalline非晶态的nonmetallic非金属的oxide氧化物periodictable周期表plastic塑性的、塑料polyethylene聚乙烯polymer聚合物
property性能(质)refractory耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor半导体silica石英、二氧化硅silicate硅酸盐silicon硅
steel钢structuralmaterial结构材料wood木材
Chapter7
aluminumalloy铝合金grayiron灰口铁amorphousmetal无定形金属high-alloysteel高合金钢austeniticstainlesssteel奥氏体不锈钢high-strengthlow-alloysteel高强度低合金钢Brinellhardnessnumber布氏硬度值Hooke’slaw胡克定律carbonsteel碳钢
impactenergy冲击能castiron铸铁leadalloy铅合金CharpytestCharpy试验low-alloysteel低合金钢
coldworking冷作加工loweryieldpoint屈服点下限copperalloy铜合金magnesiumalloy镁合金creepcurve蠕变曲线
malleableiron可锻铸铁primarystage第一(初期)阶段martensiticstainlesssteel马氏体不锈钢secondarystage第二阶段
modulusofelasticity弹性模量tertiary(final)?
stage第三(最后)阶段modulusofrigidity刚性模量
dislocationclimb位错攀(爬)移nickelalloy镍合金ductileiron球墨铸铁nickel-aluminumsuperalloy镍铝超合金
ductile-to-brittletransitiontemperature韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrousalloy非铁合金ductility(可)延(展)性,可锻性
plasticdeformation塑性变形elasticdeformation弹性变形Poission’sratio泊松比engineeringstrain工程应变
preciousmetal贵金属engineeringstress工程应力precipitation-hardenedstainlesssteel沉淀(脱溶)硬化不锈钢fatiguecurve疲劳曲线rapidlysolidifiedalloy速凝合金/快速固化合金fatiguestrength(endurancelimit)疲劳强度(耐久极限)refractory?
metal耐火(高温)金属
ferriticstainlesssteel铁素体不锈钢Rockwellhardness洛氏硬度ferrousalloy铁基合金shearmodulus剪(切)模量
fracturemechanics断裂机制shearstrain剪(切)应变fracturetoughness断裂韧性shearstress剪(切)应力
gagelength标距(长度),计量长度,有效长度solutionhardening固溶强化galvanization电镀,镀锌steel钢
strainhardening应变强化whiteiron白铁,白口铁superalloy超合金wroughtalloy可锻(锻造、轧制)合金tensilestrength拉伸强度yieldpoint屈服点titaniumalloy钛合金yieldstrength屈服强度toolsteel工具钢Young’smodulus杨氏模量toughness韧性
zincalloy锌合金upperyieldpoint屈服点上限
Chapter8
annealingpoint退火点linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion线性热膨胀系数refractory耐火材料borosilicateglass硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion膨胀silicate硅酸盐brittlefracture脆性断裂magneticceramic磁性陶瓷silicateglass硅酸盐玻璃clay粘土
meltingrange熔化(温度)范围soda-limesilicaglass钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color颜色modulusofrupture断裂模量softeningpoint软化点cosinelaw余弦定律networkformer网络形成体specularreflection镜面反射creep蠕变netwrokmodifier网络修饰体/网络外体
staticfatigue静态疲劳crystallineceramic晶态陶瓷nonoxideceramic非氧化物陶瓷structuralclayproduct粘土类结构制品
diffusereflection漫反射nonsilicateglass非硅酸盐玻璃surfacegloss表面光泽E-glass电子玻璃(E玻璃)
nonsilicateoxideceramic非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷temperedglass钢化玻璃electronicceramic电子陶瓷nuclearceramic核用陶瓷
thermalconductivity热传导率enamel搪瓷nucleate成(形)核thermalshock热震Fourier’slaw傅立叶定律Opacity乳浊transformationtoughening相变增韧fracturetoughness断裂韧性opticalproperty光学性质translucency半透明
Fresnel’sformulaFresnel公式partiallystabilizedzirconia?
?
部分稳定氧化锆transparency透明glass玻璃polardiagram极坐标图viscosity粘度glass-ceramic玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃pottery陶器(制造术)viscousdeformation粘性变形
glasstransitiontemperature玻璃转变温度pureoxide纯氧化物vitreoussilica无定形二氧化硅/石英玻璃glaze釉
reflectance反射(率)whiteware白瓷GriffithcrackmodelGriffith裂纹模型refractiveindex折射率workingrange工作(温度)范围intermediate中间体/中间的
Chapter9
Chapter10
admixture外加剂fiberglass玻璃钢metal-matrixcomposite金属基复合材料aggregate聚集体
fiber-reinforcedcomposite纤维增强复合材料particulatecomposite颗粒复合材料aggregatecomposite聚集体复合材料
hardwood硬质木材polymer-matrixcomposite聚合物基复合材料anisotropic各向异性hemicellulose半纤维素
portlandcement波特兰水泥cement水泥interfacialstrength界面结合强度propertyaveraging性能平均
ceramic-matrixcomposite陶瓷基复合材料isostrain等应变radialcell径向细胞concrete混凝土isotress等应力
softwood软质木材continuousfiber连续纤维isotropic各向同性specificstrength比强度
discrete(chopped)fiber不连续(短切)纤维laminate层状的strength-to-weightratio强度质量比率
dispersion-strengthenedmetal弥散强化金属lignin木质素whisker晶须
longitudinalcell经向(纵向)纤维wood木材wovenfabric纺织构造E-glass电子玻璃matrix基质(体)philosophy基本原理
crossover交叉,穿过,跨越restriction限制(定)configuration构造(形式),结构align使成一直线(一行)
elongate拉长(的)/延伸(的)aggregate集料,粒料,骨料chop切utility效用,实用,功用inregardfor考虑到
cite引用(证、述),援引,列举,举出(例),提到,谈到embed埋置,把?
嵌入(或插入)dielectric电介质implication含意(义)epoxy环氧树脂polyester聚酯polyetheretherketone(PEEK)聚醚酮醚polyphenylenesulfide(PPS)聚苯亚砜
entrant新到者requisite必需的imitate仿deciduous每年落叶的,非永久的commonality共性,共同特点
dramatic生动的vertically竖直地,直立地longitudinal经度的,纵向的sap树液cellulose纤维素alignment直线排列
phenol-propane苯酚-丙烷manifest显示,出现,显露dimension尺寸specify详细说明staggering令人惊愕的
igneous火成的inspection检查,视察interstice空隙,裂缝enclose包围,封闭entrain混(气泡)于混凝土中
entrap截留的,夹杂的thaw融化(解),解冻identify认识,鉴定,确定generality一般(性),一般原则,普遍(性),通则consistentwith与?
一致emphasis强调,重点,重要性axially轴向weightedaverage加权平均elementary基本的reverse相反的rigorous严格的,严密的,精确的bound限度takeforgranted被忽略(视)communicate传达,传递deflect偏转
unlessotherwisestate除非另外说明appreciation正确评价,鉴别substantial多的,大的,大量的offset弥补,抵消,偏移
assembly装配,组装,总成
Chapter11
capacitor电容器electron-holepair电子-空穴对piezoelectriccouplingcoefficient压电耦合系数ceramic陶瓷
electronicconduction电子传导piezoelectriceffect压电效应chargecarrier载流子energyband能带polymer聚合物
chargedensity电荷密度energybandgap能隙positivechargecarrier正载流子coercivefield矫顽(电)场energylevel能级
PZT锆钛酸铅conductionband导带extrinsicsemiconductor非本征半导体remanentpolarization剩余极化conductivity传导率
Fermifunction费米函数resistivity电阻率conductor导体Fermilevel费米能级resistance电阻current电流ferroelectric铁电性reversepiezoelectriceffect逆压电效应dielectric介电性,介电体freeelectron自由电子saturizationpolarization饱和极化
dielectricconstant介电常数glass玻璃Seebeckpotential赛贝克(电)势dielectricstrength介电强度hysteresisloop(电)滞回线semiconductor半导体domain(电)畴insulator绝缘体spontaneouspolarization自发极化driftvelocity漂移速率
intrinsicsemiconductor本征半导体superconductor超导体electricpermittivity电容率,介电常数metal金属
temperaturecoefficientofresistivity电阻率温度系数electricalconduction电导negativechargecarrier负载流子
electricalfieldstrength电场强度Ohm’slaw欧姆定律thermocouple热(电)偶electricallypoled电极化的orbital轨道
transducer变(转)换器/换能器electron电子paraelectric顺电性的valenceband价带electronhole电子空穴
Pauliexclusionprinciple泡利不相容原理voltage电压commonality(特点等的)共有,共同特点,共性inlightof按照,根据manifestation显示,表明,表现,表现形式,现象givewayto让路(步),退让,让位,屈服spacing间隔(距)abstract抽象reciprocal倒数的mobility迁移率drift漂移precisely正好地hypothetical假(设)定的delocalize使离开原位extension扩展(充)pseudocontinuous准连续的nature自然状态conductiveto有助(益)的ontheorderof(数值)相当于,大约,数量级为,跟相似的accessibility能进入(的),可得到(的)inability无能(力)attributeto归结于agitation扰动wavepacket波包(群)
irregularity不规则,无规律reminiscent回忆往事的,提醒的,暗示的ultimately最后(终)于trace追溯,上溯
ambient周围的(环境)tabulate把......制成表格,列表finite有限的empirical经验的
ironically冷嘲的,具有讽刺意味的,用反语的,挖苦的,令人啼笑皆非的synchronization同时发生,同步cooperative配合
accountfor解释,占多少比例speculation思索cryogenic低温学的appreciable可评估的,可感知的breakdown崩溃,击穿subsection细分asymmetrical不对称的dipole偶极子polarization极化crystallographic晶体的,晶体学的
attheexpenseof以…..为代价symmetrical对称的exaggerate夸张(大)extrapolate推断(知),外推
induce诱导prefix前缀intriguing引起?
的兴趣(或好奇心)stemfrom由…引起的,产生(起源、归因于),出身于
constrain强迫,抑制,约束straightforward简单,易懂的ensuring确保,保证pseudo-singlecrystal准单晶
consolidate加固,使合成一体transmitter变送器,发射机oscillation振动megahertzMHz
Chapter12
acceptorlevel受主能级device元件impurity杂质amorphoussemiconductor无定形半导体diode二极管
intrinsicsemiconductor本征半导体amplifier放大器donorlevel施主能级microcircuit微电路Arrheniusbehavior?
?
?
Arrhenius行为dopant掺杂剂n-typesemiconductor?
?
n型半导体base基极drain漏极p-njunction?
?
?
p-n结carriermobility载流子迁移(率)electronhole电子空穴p-typesemiconductor?
p型半导体chalcogenide硫族(属)化物emitter发射极rectifier整流器
charge电荷energybandgap能隙reversebias?
反向偏置chargecarrier?
?
载流子exhaustionrange耗尽区saturationrange饱和区chargedensity电荷密度extrinsicsemiconductor非本征半导体source源极chip(基)片Fermifunction费米函数
thermalactivation热激活collector集电极Fermilevel费米能级III-VcompoundIII-V化合物compoundsemiconductor化合物半导体field-effecttransistor(FET)场效应晶体管II-VIcompoundII-VI化合物conductionband导带forwardbias正向偏置transistor晶体管conductionelectron传导电子gate栅极valenceband价带conductivity传导率Halleffect霍尔效应clustered丛生,成群overlap交迭activation活化,激活occurrence发生,出现,事件,发生的事情dominate支配,占优势semilog半对数的ambient周围(环境)的phosphorus磷plateau平原/平台compensation补(赔)偿intimate亲密atrightangle成直角sideways侧(横)向
inorder整齐,状态良好,适应ontheaverage平均,按平均数计算,一般地说zincblende闪锌矿counterpart配对物
threshold开始(端),极限photovoltaic光电nondepletable耗不尽的silane硅烷xerography静电复印术photoconductive光敏polarization极化herald先驱,先兆excess过量的,额外的,附加的overshoot过冲distort畸变,使失真
Chapter13
antiparallelspinpairing反平行(电子)对domain(bloch)wall畴壁fluxdensity通量(磁力线)密度eddycurrent涡流
garnet石榴子石Bohrmagneton玻尔磁子electronspin电子自旋hardmagnet硬(永)磁铁(体)ceramicmagnet陶瓷磁铁(体)energyloss能(量)损(失)hysteresisloop(磁)滞回线coercivefield矫顽(磁)场exchangeinteraction交互作用
induction感应(诱导)coerciveforce矫顽(磁)力ferrimagnetism铁氧体磁性,(亚)铁磁性inversespinel反尖晶石diamagnetism抗(反)磁性ferrite铁氧体,铁素体Jouleheating焦耳热domainstructure畴结构ferromagnetism铁磁性
magneticdipole磁偶极子magneticfield磁场metallicmagnet金属磁体softmagnet软(暂时)磁体(铁)
magneticfieldstrength磁场强度paramagnetism顺磁性spinel尖晶石magneticfluxline磁通量(力)线
permanentmagnet永(久)磁体superconductingmagnet超导磁体magneticmoment磁矩permeability导磁性(率)
texturedmicostructure织构magnetism磁性preferredorientation择优取向transitionmetal过渡金属magnetite磁铁矿(石)
relativepermeability相对(磁)导率transitionmetalion过渡金属离子
magnetization磁化remanentinduction剩余感应YIG钇铁石榴子石Magnetoplumbite磁铅石,磁铁铅矿saturationinduction饱和感应nomenclature命名routinely常规,惯例counterpart对手modest小的reversible可逆的tracedout探寻踪(轨