初中英语语法倒装句和虚拟语气讲解和练习.docx
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初中英语语法倒装句和虚拟语气讲解和练习
倒装句讲解和练习
英语句子通常有两种语序:
一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序,按“主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。
如果排列顺序变为“谓语(或谓语一部分)+主语”,就是倒装。
倒装句分为:
1、部分倒装
就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。
常见于下列几种情况:
(一).only所修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,要用:
only+状语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语及其他
OnlywhenhetoldmethenewsdidIknowwhathadhappened.
OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.
注意:
only修饰主语时,不需要倒装。
1.Onlyinthisway________tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.
A.youcanhope B.youdidhope C.canyouhope D.didyouhope
(2).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。
如:
never,little,seldom,not,notonly,notuntil,nosooner(…than),hardly(…when),rarely,scarcely,innoway等。
Weseldomgetupatfourinthemorning.
=Seldomdowegetupatfourinthemorning.
Notasinglewordfromhimcouldtheenemydrag.
RarelyhaveIheardofsuchasillything.
(1)hardly…when;scarcely…when…;nosooner…than…可以用正常语序hadhardlydonewhen…did或用倒装句式Hardlyhad+主语+donewhen…did句式。
hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。
Thebellhardlyhadrungwhentheclassbegan.=Hardlyhadthebellrungwhentheclassbegan.
NosoonerhadhearrivedinBeijingthanhebegantowork.
(2)notonly…butalso如连接两个成分时,不用倒装;连接句子时,前面的句子要用倒装。
Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship.
Notonlyishebusy,butalsoIhavealotofworktodo.
NotonlydoeshespeakEnglishverywell,butalsohespeaksFrenchwell.
2.IfinallygottheworkIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife________sohappy!
A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt
3.NotuntilIbegantowork________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn'tIrealize B.didIrealize C.Ididn'trealize D.Irealized
4.Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.
A.thegamebegan B. hasthegamebegun
C.didthegamebegin D. hadthegamebegun
(3).在so…that,such…that句型中,若把so,such引导的结构放在句首时。
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
5.Sodifficult_____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIwasdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.
A.I'vefelt BhaveIfelt C.Ididfeel D.didIfeel
(4).省略了if的虚拟条件句中,把were,had或should放在句首时。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob.=WereIyou,Iwouldtakethejob.
6.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.
A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will
(5).把副词so放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
IlikereadingEnglish,sodoeshe.
(6).把neither,nor放在句首,表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
7.-Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.
-________,let'sstophereforarest.
A.NeitherandI B.NeithercanI C.Idon'tthinkso D.Ithinkso
7)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。
注意:
当表语为名词时,则名词前不加任何冠词;主谓并不倒装。
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
8.________,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho'sascapableasJohn.
A.AslongasIhavetraveled B.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuch
C.MuchasIhavetraveled D.AsIhavetraveledsomuch
(八).由however,nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句中,把however+形容词/副词,nomatterhow+形容词/副词放在句首时。
9.________,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
A.Howeverlateishe B.Howeverheislate
C.Howeverishelate D.Howeverlateheis
2、全部倒装
就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。
注意:
谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。
常见于几种情况:
(1).用于地点副词here,there,方位副词out,in,up,down及时间副词now,then等开头的句子里,以示强调。
Theregoesthebell.
Look!
Heretheycome.
这种倒装要求:
主语必须是名词。
主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不变。
Hereitis.
Awayhewent.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Herecomesthebus.
Outrushedtheboys.
(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。
注意:
谓语多为be,lie,sit,stand,come,walk等不及物动词;倒装时不需要助动词。
Underthetablearethreewhitecats.
Infrontofthetowerflewsastream.
10.Underabigtree________,halfasleep.
A.didsatafatman B.afatmansat
C.didafatmansat D.satafatman
(3)there放在句首时,要用倒装句式。
在¡°there+be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be,而用表示类似¡°存在¡±观念的其他不及物动词。
如:
live,stand,come,lie,flow,enter,rise和appear等。
Therecameshoutsforhelpfromtheriver.
Thereliesalargewheatfieldinfrontofthehouse.
Manyyearsagotherelivedanoldmaninthewoodenhouse.
(4).表语置于句首时,倒装结构为"表语+系动词+主语"。
(1)形容词+系动词+主语
PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.
(2)过去分词+系动词+主语
Hiddenbehindthedoorweresomenaughtychildren.
GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouseforeignoil.
(3)介词短语+系动词+主语
Infrontoftheplaygroundisanewly-builthouse.
(5).有时由于主语较长,谓语很短,为保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时。
Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.
(6).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina!
Mayyouallbehappy.
答案 1—5CDBDD 6—10BBCDD
中考复习倒装句专项练习
1.---Peter,IwillvisitourteacherthisSunday.\
----_______.Let’sgotogether.
A.NordoIB.IwilldoC.SowillID.SocanI
2.—I’mnotgoingswimmingtomorrowafternoon.
—________.Ihavetocleanupmybedroom.
A.SoamIB.NeitheramIC.NeitherIamD.SoIam
3.Onlywhentheworkisdone________beabletogobackhome.
A.youhaveB.youwillC.willyouD.haveyou
4.----Wouldyouliketogototheamusementpark?
----IfJackdoes,__________.
A.Igo,tooB.sowillIC.neitherwillID.sodoI
5.Ican’tplaythepiano,and_______.
A.neithercanmysisterB.mysistercan’t,too
C.socan’tmysisterD.canmysister,either
6.Attention,please!
There_________abasketballgamebetweenourclassandClass5.
A.hasB.isgoingtobeC.willhaveD.isgoingtohave
7.There________somejuiceandsomecakesonthetable.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
8.—Allthestudentsareworkinghardnow.
—_______.Becauseallofthemwanttogotogoodcolleges.
A.SoaretheyB.NeithertheyareC.SotheyareD.Sotheydo
9.—MybrotherandIwillgotothelibrarytomorrow.
—.Shallwegotogether?
A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SowillID.SoIwill
10.-IhaveneverbeentoHawaii.WhataboutMike?
-.
A.SohasheB.SohedoesC.NeitherhasheD.Neitherhehas
11.--MymotherandIwillgotoShanghaithissummer.
---______.Shallwegotogether?
A.SodoI B.SocanI C.SoamI D.SowillI
12.Heswamintheriverthissummer.________
A.Sodidhe.B.Soshedid.C.Sodidshe
13.—Mymotherhardlywatchesanysportsshows.
—______.
A.SodoIB.Sodoesmine
C.NeitherdoID.Neitherdoesmine
14.-Idon'tknowaboutyou,butI'msickandtiredofthisweather.
-_______.Ican'tstandallthisrain.
A.Idon'tcareB.It'shardtosayC.SoamID.Ihopenot
15.TomlikesEnglish,___________
A.NeitherdoesPaulB.SodoesPaul
C.SohasPaulD.NeitherhasPaula
16.There____anoldclock,acomputerandsomebooksonthedesk.
A.haveB.areC.isD.has
17.Notonly,butIlearnedsomeknowledge.
A.didIhelpotherpeopleB.doIhelpedotherpeople
C.IhelpedotherpeopleD.helpingotherpeople
18.--Peterknowsmanypeoplehere.
---_________________
A.SodoIB.SoamIC.NeitheramID.NeitherdoI
19.–MysisterhasnevervisitedEiffelTower.Howaboutyou?
–__________.
A.SohaveIB.SodidIC.NeitherIhaveD.NeitherhaveI
20.--Davidwillnever____thoughhefailsagainandagain.
--_______.SoIbelievebothofyouwillsucceedoneday.
A.giveup,NeitherwillyouB.giveoff,Neitheryouwill
C.takeup,SowillyouD.takeoff,Soyouwill
21.---Ifyoudon’tgotoLucy’sbirthdaypartythisevening,______.
----Whatapity!
Shemustbeverysadifyoudon’tappear.
A.sodoIB.neitherwillIC.sowillID.neitherdoI
22.----IwillgotovisittheGreatWall.----______
A.SodoIB.SoIdoC.SowillID.SoIwill
23.Here_____theresults_____thestudentsactivitysurvey.
A.is;withB.are;ofC.is;of
24.–Jimwentswimmingwithhisparentsyesterdayafternoon.–______.
A.SoMarydid B.SoMarydoesC.SoMarywas D.SodidMary
25.—Ihaven’tseentheinterestingmovieLettheBullet(子弹)Fly.
—_________.
A.NeitherhaveIB.SohaveI
C.NeitherIhaveD.SoIhave
26.----Inrecentyears,moreandmoreAmericansliketravelingduringholidays.---_______.
A.SodoweChineseB.SowillweChinese
C.SoweChinesedoD.SoWeChinesewill
27.--Johnlikeswalkinginthecountryside.
--_____.Theyenjoyagoodtimetogethereverytime.
A.Sodoeshiswife
B.Sohiswifedoes
C.Neitherdoeshiswife
D.Hiswifedoesso
28.---Ihavechangedmyjob.---.
A.SodoIB.SohaveIC.SoIdoD.SoIhave
29.—Hehasmanybooksonscience.
—_____.
A.SoIhaveB.SoIdoC.SodoI
30.Tomdoeswellinskating,and__________.
A.sodoesJimB.soJimdoes
C.soisJimD.SoJimis
(虚拟语气)
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?
IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should
Would+have+过去分词
could
might
IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)
(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteall