完整版商务合同的翻译本科毕业设计.docx
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完整版商务合同的翻译本科毕业设计
本科生毕业论文
商务合同的翻译
毕业设计(论文)
中文题目:
商务合同的翻译
英文题目:
OntheTranslationofBusinessContracts
姓名:
贺荣葵
学院:
外国语学院
专业:
英语(外贸英语方向)本科
指导老师:
贺荣葵
开题时间:
2012.12
完成时间:
2013.4
湖南农业大学制
OntheTranslationofBusinessContracts
商务合同的翻译
HeRongkui
贺荣葵
Supervisor:
Prof.XiaoFuliang
Major:
ForeignTradeEnglish
ForeignLanguageCollege
HunanAgriculturalUniversity
April,2013
Abstract
Abstract:
Ininternationaltradeactivities,businesscontractsareanimportantbasisforthedocuments.BusinessEnglishlanguagehasbecomeanindispensablecommunicationtoolanditisalsothestartingpointofeconomiccontractsinEnglish.Internationalbusinesscontractsinvolveawidevarietyandcomplexityandalsohavetheirowncharacteristics,suchasaccuracyprofession,andnormalization.Therefore,thequalityofthetranslationofbusinesscontractsneedshighdemand.Inthispaper,throughalargenumberofexamples,thecharacteristicsandtranslationofbusinesscontractsareanalyzedcomprehensively.
KeyWords:
businesscontracts;translation;strategy
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摘要
在国际贸易活动中,商务合同作为一种重要法律文件,涉及面广泛而复杂,同时也有其自身的特点,准确性,专业性和规范性。
因此,对商务合同翻译的质量提出了非常高的要求。
本文用大量的例子对商务合同的特征及对策做了全面的分析和讨论。
关键词:
商务合同;翻译;对策
Contents
AbstractI
摘 要II
ContentsIII
Introduction1
1.TheDefinitionofBusinessContract2
2.TheCharacteristicsofBusinessContracts3
2.1TextCharacteristics3
2.1.1Prociseness3
2.1.2Normolization3
2.1.3Prefession3
2.2SentenseCharasteristics4
2.2.1AttributiveClauses4
2.2.2AdverbialClauses....................................................................................5
3.TheTranslationStrategiesofBusinessContracts6
3.1TranslationAccuraccy6
3.1.1VocabularyTranslation6
3.1.2NumberAccuracy6
3.2TranslationProfession……………………………………………................7
3.3TranslationNormalization………………………………………………….7
3.3.1LanguageNormalization……………………………………………...9
3.3.2StyleNormalization…………………………………………………...9
3.3.3ProfessionNormalization…………………………………………….11
Conclusion13
Bibliography14
Acknowledgements15
Introduction
Inthe21stcentury,internationaltradehasbecomingmoreandmorefrequent,andthereformingChinaisactivelyengagedininternationaltradeactivities.Intheprocessofglobaltrade,Englishhasbecomeanindispensablecommunicationtool.Itisthebasisofbusinesscontracts.Intoday'ssociety,citizens,corporationsandotherorganizationssometimeshavetheproblemonhowtosigncontractsdirectlyinEnglish.Lawyers,legaladvisersandotherlegalprofessionalswillmeettheneedstoreviewandmodifythecontractsinEnglish,andsometimeswillbeaskedtocometoChinesetranslation,andeventodraftacontractinEnglish.SomoreandmorefansofEnglishandthelawyerswanttofamiliarizethemselveswiththecontractsinEnglishwithChina’sentryintoWTO,thisrequirementturnsmoreandmoreurgenttoresolvecontractissuesinEnglish.
1.TheDefinitionofBusinessContract
Contractmeanstoabidebytheconditionsestablished,workingincooperation."People'sRepublicofChinaCivilLaw"《中国人民共和国民法通则》TheArticle85thprovidesthat"Acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,exchange,terminatetheircivilrelationship",(合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议)andinternationalbusinesscontract,asoneofthem,fromthegeneralsense,ItisinvolvedwithtwoormoreStates.Toacountry,internationalbusinesscontractsarealsoforeigncontracts.InChina,accordingtothedifferentnatureandcontentofthemajorcategoriesincontracts,Wedothefollowingclassification:
salecontract(销售合同);thetransfercontract(转让合同);thejointventurecontract(合资或合营合同);compensationtradecontracts(补偿贸易合同);Agentagreement(代理合同)andothercontracts,agreements,etc.Itisthepartiestoeconomicactivities,theagreementreachedbynegotiation,legallybindingonbothparties.Thisagreementmaybeformalorinformal.Asthecontractwithlegaleffect,thepartiesmustaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthecontractfullyandmeettheirobligationsstrictly,whichrequiresthecontracttermsandsentencesarerigorousandaccurate.
2.TheCharacteristicsofBusinessContracts
2.1 TextCharacteristic
Businesscontractisaspecialapplicationstyle,focusingondocumentary,whosemajorcharacteristicisaccurateandrigorous.Asbusinesscontractisalegallydocumentthatasksthepartiestostrictlyobeytheobligations,right,codesofconductandotherspecificterms,asdrilledlegalloopholes,itdoesnotallowthevagueandmileding,itwouldrathersacrificethefluencyoftextbutmaintaintruth.
2.1.1Preciseness
Theprecisenessofthebusinesscontracttranslationistheprinciplesprobleminpracticecontractlanguageisalegalcontextthatemphasizesthestructureoflanguage,anothercharacteristicisusingformalwords,repeatwords,parallelconjunctions,etc,inordertoensurethecontracttextrigorandunbeatable,alsoreflectedthecontractsolemnandseriousnessaslegaldocuments.
2.1.2 Normalization
Generally,thestructureofacontractisorganized,andthetermsandstatementsinvolvedcomplywiththecontractdocumentsandtheprogramrequirements.Acompletebusiness,thetermsofthecontractareuptodozenstodefinedbuyersandsellersobligationsclearly.Afteralongpracticeandtexting,Thestructurehasbeenrelativelyfixed,whetheritisChineseorEnglish.Thecontractcanbedividedintofourparts:
title(标题),preamble(序言),body(正文),andconclusion(结尾).Sincebusinesscontractiswrittentoprotectlegalrightsandinterests,itrequiretheuseofbodylanguagesolemnorformalstyle.
2.1.3Profession
Businesscontractsarehighlyprofessional,involvingfinance,trade,tariffs,customs,commodities,insurance,warehousing,commodityinspection,legalandmanyotherareas,businesscontractisthecomplexfieldofexpertisetext.Therefore,thetranslationprocessconstantlyabsorbsandintegratesnewknowledge.Businesscontractsbasiccharacteristicsofthesetextfeaturestodeterminethebusinessprocessoftranslationtofollowstrictprocedures.Forexample,Weherebyagreewiththedrawers,endorsersandbonafideholdersofthedraftsdrawnunderandincompliancewiththetermsofthiscreditthatsuchdraftsshallbedulyhonoredonduepresentationanddeliveryofdocumentsashereinspecified.
Thissentencelooksalittlecomplex,andinvolvessomecreditterms,ifatranslatorisnotfamiliarwithcreditprofessionaltermssuchas:
drawers(出票人)、endorsers(背书人)、drawn(开具)、drafts(汇票)、honored(履行付款责任)、presentation(提示)、documents(单据),theywouldhavenoideasaboutthis.
2.2SentenceCharacteristics
2.2.1AttributiveClauses
Tomakethetermsclearandprecisetoavoidthepossibilityofbeingmisunderstood,alargenumberofstructureareoftenusedinclausesinbusinesscontracts.Attributiveclausesseparatedwiththecenterwidespreadword,atermwithmultiplesidebyside,oranattributiveclausemodifyingthecaseofmultiplecentersarealsocommonword.
Forexample,Areplytoanyoffer,whichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditions,limitationsorothermodifications,isarejectionoftheofferandconstitutesacounteroffer.“which”Guidetherestrictiveattributiveclausemodifiedreply.
Translation:
“对发价表示接受,但载有添加、限制、或其它更改的答复,即为拒绝该项发价并构成还价”。
Forexample,Thesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantity,quantityanddescriptionsrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackedinthemannerrequiredbythecontract.
Sentenceof“which”inattributiveclauseistoguidethetermsofprovisionsofgoods,ratherthandepictedanddescribedthedeepstructureofsentences.“Goodsmustbe”,如译成:
“卖方必须交付……的货物”,Semanticambiguity.Therefore,thedeepstructureofthesentencecanbetranslatedinaccordancewiththesubject-predicatestructureinChinese,Soit’scanbetranslatedinto卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数、质量和规格一致,并按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包装”。
2.2.2AdverbialClauses
Asadverbialclauseshighlighttheflexibilityanddiversity,theyareoftenusedinbusinesscontract,suchasthenumberofadverbialmodificationofaverboranadverbialcontainsanotherverycommon.
Forexample,within30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract,thebuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstothesellerbyopeninganimbecileL/CfortheamountofUSD30.000,infavorofthesellerthroughabankatexportport.ThebackboneofthesentenceThebuyershallproceedtopaythepricetothesellerwhichcontainsatimeadverbialwithin30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract.Businesscontracts,saidmanyofthetimeadverbialisaPartyatacertaintimeandmustassumeacertainobligation,ortoenjoycertainrights,namely,timeliness,Therefore,thecenterofthewholesentenceisnotaverbinasentenceoftimeb