高中英语Unit2Healthyeating单元质量评估新人教版必修.docx
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高中英语Unit2Healthyeating单元质量评估新人教版必修
2019-2020年高中英语Unit2Healthyeating单元质量评估新人教版必修
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Thefoodweeatseemstohaveagreateffectonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmadebigstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodand40%ofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingsmonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditives(添加剂)causedcancer.
Yet,theseadditivesremaininourfood,anditisdifficulttoknowwhichthingsonthewrappings(包装)offoodsarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintotheiranimals,andbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkofcows.Sometimessimilarthingsaresuppliedtoanimalsnotfortheirhealth,butjusttomakeaprofit.
Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertogetahigherpriceonthemarket.Althoughsomecountrieshavetriedtocontrolsuchthings,thepracticecontinues.
【语篇解读】 本文告诉我们要特别注意自己所吃的食物。
因为食物可以让我们生存,也可以让我们患病。
1.Accordingtothispassage,wecanknow________.
A.perhapsmostofhumanillnessiscausedbywhatweeat
B.perhapsmostkindsofcancerarerelatedtowhatpeopleeat
C.cancerwasdiscoveredin1945
D.sciencehasmadefoodunfittoeat
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段第三句话“Someresearchhasshownthatperhaps80%ofhumanillnessisrelatedtofoodand40%ofcancerisrelatedtofoodaswell.”可知,80%的疾病都是由我们吃的食物引起的,故A项正确。
答案:
A
2.Thingsthatareusedtokeepcoloursinmeatsare________.
A.harmful B.useless
C.helplessD.delicious
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句话“In1945,someresearchersrealizedthatthingsmonlyusedtokeepcolourinmeatsandotherfoodadditivescausedcancer.”可知,这些让肉着色的添加剂会导致癌症。
那么对人体是有害的,故A项正确。
答案:
A
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Somewrappingsoffoodareharmful.
B.Farmerstrytomakemoremoneyonthemarketbyfatteningtheiranimals.
C.“Thepracticecontinues”means“thingsarestillgoingonlikethat”.
D.Weneedn'ttakecareofwhatweeat.
解析:
推理判断题。
根据第一段前三句话可知,食物可以让我们生存,但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的。
说明对于我们的食物我们要特别注意,故D项错误。
答案:
D
4.Alltheadditives________.
A.arebrightandcolourless
B.arenotbrightandcolourful
C.haveindirecteffectsonourhealth
D.havedirecteffectsonourhealth
解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段第二句“Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.”可知,很多添加剂都不是直接影响人体健康的。
故C项正确。
答案:
C
B
Ifyoureallywanttogogreen,here'sgoodnews:
eatinggreenisgoodforyou.Theveryfoodswithahighcarboncost—meat,pork,dairyproducts,processedsnacks—alsotendtobefilledwithfatandcalories.Agreendietwouldbemostlyvegetablesandfruits,wholegrains,fishandleanmeatlikechicken—adietthat'seco-andwaistline-friendly.Eatinggreencanbehealthierandbeneficialtotheclimate.
ItmaybehardtobelievethatamealatMcDonald'sproducesmorecarbonthanyourtriptoafar-awayplace.Morethan37%oftheworld'slandisusedforagriculture,muchofwhichwasonceforested.Deforestation(砍伐森林)isamajorsourceofcarbon.Thefertilizer(化肥)andmachineryneededonamodernfarmalsohavealargecarbonfootprint,asdoesthenetworkofshipsandtrucksthatbringsthefoodfromthefarmtoyourplate.
Themostefficientwaytoreducethecarbonfootprintofyourmenuistoeatlessmeat,especiallybeef.Raisingcattletakesalotmoreenergythangrowingtheequivalent(相等的)amountofgrains,fruitsorvegetables.What'smore,themajorityofcattleintheUSarefedongrainandloadsofit—670milliontonsin2002—andthefertilizerusedtofeedthatcreatesseparateenvironmentalproblems.
Focusoneatingloweronthefoodchain,withmoreplantsandfruitsandlessmeatanddairy.It'ssimple.Wecanchangetodaywhatgoesintoourbodiesforthehealthofourplanetandourselves.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了吃绿色食品的好处。
5.Accordingtothepassage,eatinggreenwill________.
A.protecttheanimalsfrombeingkilled
B.promotethedevelopmentofagriculture
C.helpusloseweightandkeepself-confidence
D.begoodforourhealthandmakeachangefortheclimate
解析:
细节理解题。
由第一段最后两句话“Agreendiet—adietthat'seco-andwaistline-friendly.Eatinggreencanbehealthierandbeneficialtotheclimate.”可知,吃绿色食品对我们的健康有利而且对改变气候有利。
答案:
D
6.Whatwillnotleadtocarbonintheagriculture?
A.Deforestation.B.Fertilizer.
C.Machinery.D.Grains.
解析:
推理判断题。
由第二、三段的介绍可知,只有谷物不会造成碳排放。
答案:
D
7.Intheauthor'sopinion,themostefficientwaytoreducecarbonisto________.
A.eatmorevegetablesthanmeat
B.stopraisingthecattle
C.plantmoregrains
D.uselessfertilizer
解析:
细节理解题。
由第三段第一句话“Themostefficientwaytoreducethecarbonfootprintofyourmenuistoeatlessmeat,especiallybeef.”可知。
答案:
A
8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Thebenefitsofeatinggreen.
B.Howtoreducethecarbon.
C.Thechangeofourmenu.
D.Thewaysofkeepinghealthy.
解析:
主旨大意题。
由文章大意可知。
答案:
A
C
Peopleareoverweightformanyreasons,themostimportantoneofwhichisthattheyeatthewrongfoods,getthewrongtypesofcalories(卡路里)permeal,andtheyalsoeatmealsatthewrongtimeeachday.Foodismorepowerfulthananyweightlosspill(药片),becausethefoodthatyoueatcaneithermakeyouthinorfat.Thisistruebecauseyourbodyislikeanengine,anditonlyneedscertainfoodsatcertainintervals(间隔)eachday.
Low-caloriedietsdonotwork
Thereasonpeoplecannotloseweightbystarvingthemselvesisthattheirmetabolism(新陈代谢)willdetectanymajordropincaloriesanditwillthenadjust(调整)itselfbyburningfewercalorieseachday.Thatisthereasonwhyyoucaneat1,000caloriesperdayandnotloseanyweight,whileyourfriendscaneat2,500caloriesperdayandnotgainanyweight.
Low-fatdietsdonotwork
Manypeopleintoday'ssocietyarebuyingmostlylow-fatornon-fatfoodatthegrocerystore.Everybodyknowshowmuchfatisinsidethefoodtheybuy.However,peoplearegettingfatterthaneverbeforebydoingthis.Theyarenotlosingweightbychangingtothislow-fatlifestyle.
Losingweighthasnothingtodowiththesethings.Oneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandotocontrolyourweightistoeattheproperfoods,suchasfruitandvegetables,eatthemattherighttime,andexerciseeveryday.Ifpeoplemakethisahabit,theywillloseweight.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了人们超重的原因。
9.Whatisthemainreasonwhypeopleareoverweight?
A.Theyeatthewrongfoodsatthewrongtime.
B.Theyeatfoodwithlotsofcalories.
C.Theydon'ttakeanyweightlosspills.
D.Theyburnmanycalorieseveryday.
解析:
细节理解题。
从第一段的第一句话“Peopleareoverweightformanyreasons,themostimportantoneofwhichisthattheyeatthewrongfoods...”可知A项是正确答案。
答案:
A
10.Thearticleiswritteninorderto________.
A.tellreadersnottobuylow-fatornon-fatfood
B.tellreadershowtoloseweight
C.tellreadersaboutanimportantscientificdiscovery
D.callonpeopletoloseweightandstayhealthy
解析:
作者意图题。
纵观全文,讲了人类肥胖的主要原因,以及人们怎样做就会减肥,故B项正确。
答案:
B
11.Torealizetheaimofyourweightlossplan,youshould________.
a.doexerciseeveryday
b.eatmealsattherighttime
c.eatfruitsandvegetables
d.eatlow-fatorsweetfood
e.eattheproperfoodsateachmeal
A.a,b,c,dB.a,b,d,e
C.a,c,d,eD.a,b,c,e
解析:
从最后两段可排除A、B、C三项;从全文可知,D项正确。
答案:
D
D
Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.
Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey'reinpoorlylitplaces—andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn'thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.
Mindthecolours.Researchsuggestswarmcoloursfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolourslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing,whilecoldcoloursmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit'stimetorepaint,goblue.
Don'tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime,andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnonrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.
Downsizethedishes.Bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat.Weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12-inchplateinsteadofa10-inchplate.Whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone,totalintake(摄入)jumpsby14percent.Andwe'llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort,wideglassthanatall,skinnyglass.
【语篇解读】 想要减肥,除了少吃外,还和房间有关系。
房间一要明亮;二要用冷色系以减少食欲;三要在就餐时放一些舒缓的音乐;四要用小的碗碟。
12.Thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout________.
A.theirhomefortsB.theirbodyshape
C.housebuyingD.healthydiets
解析:
细节理解题。
根据全文第一段“Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.”可知,这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎自己体型的人有帮助。
答案:
B
13.Ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople________.
A.digestfoodbetter
B.reducefoodintake
C.burnmorecalories
D.regaintheirappetites
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段第三句话“Inonestudy...”可知在蓝色房间内人吃的相对较少。
答案:
B
14.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes?
A.Eatquickly.
B.Playfastmusic.
C.Usesmallerspoons.
D.Turndownthelights.
解析:
细节理解题。
最后一段介绍,要想少吃,就要用小碗小勺,而前文也提到,吃得快和房间暗会增加饮食,放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。
故选C。
答案:
C
15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor