房地产估价方法的完善与改进.docx
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房地产估价方法的完善与改进
摘要
市场比较法、收益法和成本法是我国房地产估价的基本方法,它们在实际运用中存
在着一个共同的问题:
过于主观化,即很大程度上依赖于房地产估价师的主观经验。
这
不仅使估价结果显得不可靠,更有可能引发道德风险,不利于整个房地产市场的规范与
发展,因此,在房地产估价过程中建立定量分析的模型、减弱人为因素的影响,是解决
这一问题的迫切需要。
因此,本文就市场比较法、收益法、成本法参数的确定详细阐述,
并总结前面学者的研究成果,提出一些新的想法加以修正,并分别在这几种估价方法中
引入数学模型,以定量的方法来确定房地产价格。
首先,本文简单介绍了研究意义和背景、国内外房地产估价的研究现状、房地产估
价中常用的基本概念及估价要素、市场法、收益法及成本法的理论依据、适用条件及操
作步骤等,并在此基础上分析总结出这三大方法中存在的问题及难点,提出了集对分析
在市场比较法中的应用,并通过实例验证了采用集对分析模型的优越性;在收益法中,
通过国外资本化率的概念组成,引入了资本重获率这一概念,使资本化率的构成更加完
善,从一定程度上消除了收益法估价的偏差;在成本法中,通过分析房地产价格的组成,
列举了常用的建筑物折旧求取方法,提出了运用模糊综合评价来评估房屋的成新度,并
通过实例验证了该模型的优越性。
关键词:
估价方法,集对分析,资本重获率,模糊综合评价
Abstrsct
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estimatebyqultamethod.
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situationofdomestieandoverseasrealestateestimate.Seeonditoutlinesthebasienormally
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introdueestheft比zyqualitysynthetieevaluationinthedegreeofnewandold,withthe
ex田叮PleofcomfirmingitssuPerioty.
KEYWORDS:
realestateappraisalapProaeh,set一Pairanalysis,eapitalizationrate,fijzzy
qualitysynthetieevaluation.
第一章绪论.,.................................……,............……,1
1.1研究背景和意义......................................................................................................……1
1.2研究综述..................................................................................................................……2
1.2.1国外房地产估价研究状况...............................................................................……2
1.2.2国内房地产估价研究状况...............................................................................……3
1.3论文结构.....................................................................................................……,......……4
第二章房地产估价概述.............................................……5
2.1房地产估价的含义..................................................................................................……5
2.1.1房地产估价的概念.............……,.......................................................................……5
2.1.2房地产估价的本质...........................................................................................……5
2.2房地产估价的要素.…,..……,.......……,......................................................................……5
2.2.1估价目的...........................................................................................................……5
2.2.2估价对象...........................................................................................................……6
2.2.3估价时点...........................................................................................................……6
2.2.4估价原则...........................................................................................................……6
2.2.5估价方法...........................................................................................................……6
第三章市场比较法……,................................……、...……8
3.1市场比较法概述......................................................................................................……8
3.1.1市场比较法的含义...........................................................................................……8
3.1.2市场比较法的理论依据...................................................................................……8
3.1.3市场比较法的适用条件...................................................................................……8
3.1.4市场比较法操作步骤.......................................................................................……8
3.1.5市场比较法因素修正.......................................................................................……9
3.1.6市场法总结...........................................................................................……,...……11
3.2市场比较法在估价应用中存在的问题................................................................……13
3.3市场法引入集对分析的可能性............................................................................……14
3.4集对分析的基本概念............................................................................................……14
3.4.1什么是集对.....................................................................................................……14
3.4.2集对的同异反联系及记法.............................................................................……巧
3.4.3联系度及其确定方法.……,.............................................................................……15
3.4.4a+bi型联系数.............……,......................................……,................................……16
3.4.5四则运算法则.................................................................................................……16
3.4.6同异反模式识别的择近原则.........................................................................……17
3.5基于集对分析的房地产估价模型.....……,............................................................……18
3.6实证分析................................................................................................................……19
八y八U‘1..气j11,4乙伪,︸3.6.1估价对象工程概况.....................................……
3.6.2比较因素条件说明表.................................……
3.6.3传统市场比较法评估房地产价格的测算过程
3.6.4集对分析模型评估房地产价格的测算过程…
第四章收益法...................……、,..........................……28
4.1收益法概述.............................................................................................................……28
收益法的含义.................................................................................................……28
收益法的理论依据.........................................................................................……28
收益法公式.....................................................................................................……28
净收益(A).....................................……,......................................................……31
报酬率(Y)和资本化率(R)....................................................................……31
收益法估价的操作步骤.................................................................................……32
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4.2收益法参数的确定.................................................................................................……32
4.2.1收益期限的确定......................……,................................................................……32
4.2.2净收益的求取.................................................................................................……33
4.2.3报酬率的求取.................................................................................................……33
4.3传统收益法的理论缺陷.........................................................................................……35
4.4国外资本化率的组成.............................................................................................……36
4.5资本重获率的确定....................................................……,......................................……36
了0月z,J,j4.5.1偿债基金法
4.5.2直线法,……
4.6
第五章
5.1
实证分析.................................................................................................................……38
成本法.......……,.......................................……39
成本法概述........................……,...........................................……,............................……39
八,Q︸n,︸八,0内J气j内J,J4成本法的概念.……
成本法的理论依据
成本法的适用条件
成本法的基本公式
成本法估价的步骤
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5.2房地产价格构成.....................................................................................................……40
5.2.1土地取得成本.................................................................................................……40
5.2.2开发成本.........................................................................................................……41
5.2.5投资利息.........................................................................................................……41
5.2.6销售税费二、……、...............................................................................................……41
5.3重新购建价格.........................................................................................................……42
5.3.1重新购建价格的求取思路.............................................................................……42
5.3.2建筑物重新购建价格的求取方法.................................................................……42
5.4.1建筑物折旧的含义.........................................................................................……43
5.4.2求取建筑物折旧的方法.................................................................................……44
成本法在估价应用中存在的问题........................................................................……45
﹃月了/勺夕Q少O八夕,,1.4444份月4︸、︸基于模糊综合评价房屋成新度的确定模型
‘J沪6︸、以.、︶
5.6.1
5.6.2
基本原理
具体步骤
5.7实证分析......................................................……,‘.......……,.,…,........……,.…,..........……
5.7.1工程概况...........................................................……,.......................................……
5.7.2传统成本法评估房地产价格测算过程.....................................................