宾语从句讲解练习.docx
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宾语从句讲解练习
宾语从句
掌握宾语从句应注意引导词(连词),语序以及时态三方面要素。
下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容
宾语从句句式
连词
语序
陈述句
that
不变
一般疑问句
If/whether
改为陈述语序
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
宾语从句的时态问题
主句
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
从句
保留原来时态
改为过去的某个时态
客观事实和自然现象除外
所谓改为过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
现在进行时态
过去进行时态(was/weredoing)
现在完成时态
过去完成时态(had过去分词)
一般将来时态
过去将来时态(woulddo.was/weregoingtodo)
宾语从句的用法以及应注意点:
一、宾语从句的引导词
1.当由陈述句来充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义常省略。
eg.Ithink(that)heisright.
Iknow(that)sheisaCanadianathlete.
I’msure(that)hewillgetthejob.
I’mglad(that)youaretryingtohelpothers.
Hetellsme(that)hewillworkhardthisterm.
特别注意:
宾语从句否定意义的转移。
若主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess等词,而且主句的主语是第一人称时候,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。
如:
Idon’tthinkhehastimetocometotheparty.
2.当由特殊疑问句做宾语从句时,引导词由原来的特殊疑问词来充当。
有意义不能省略。
从句的语序要用陈述语序。
句末的标点符号由主句决定。
常出现的特殊疑问词:
when,why,how,where,who、whom、whose、which,what等。
eg.1)Heasks,“Howcantheygettoschool?
”
Heaskshowtheycangettoschool.
2)Doyouknow?
Whendidhebuythispen?
Doyouknowwhenheboughtthispen?
3)Canyoutellme?
Whatisyourname?
Canyoutellmewhatyournameis?
3.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”“是不是”“能否”等。
eg.1)Heasksmeif/whetherhecancome.
2)I’mnotsureif/whethershewillhelpme.
3)Doyouknowif/whetherthetrainwillarriveontime?
特别注意:
1)直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether不用if
eg.Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome.让我知道他是否能来。
2)介词之后用whether不用if
eg.Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.
I’mworriedaboutwhethertheywillarriveontime.
3)不定式前用whether不用if
二、宾语从句要用陈述句语序
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前
(1)主句+(that)从句(主语+谓语……);
(2)主句+if/whether从句(主语+谓语…);
(3)主句+特殊疑问词+陈述句语序(主语+谓语…)
eg.Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer?
Canyoutellmewhatyournameis?
特别注意:
What’sthematter?
作为宾语从句时有两种前况。
当它的解释是“怎么了?
”时,语序不要变化。
当它的解释是“这是什么物质?
”时,要变为陈述句语序。
如:
Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatthematterwas.
Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter?
三、宾语从句的时态
要遵循时态的一致性原则。
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”
1.主句是一般现在时,宾语从句时态不受主句谓语动词的影响,根据实际情况而定。
eg.IknowthatshewillleaveChinatomorrow.
DoyouknowwhyIcouldpasstheexamlastterm?
2.主句是一般过去时,宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态。
比如,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去将来时等等。
eg.Mr.Kingdidn’tknowwhenhissoncamehomeyesterdayevening.
Hewantedtoknowwhenthemeetingwouldstart.
Shedidn’ttelluswhereshelived.
3.主句是一般过去时,但如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象,其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。
eg.Theteachertolduslighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
Hesaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.
Shesaidthatherfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.
特别注意:
若是主句出现Couldyoutellme?
Wouldyoupleasetellme?
这样的句型,并不表示过去时只是表示比较婉转的语气,其后的宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定。
不要混淆哦。
做题目要特别注意。
eg.Couldyoutellmewhetheryouwillcallmethisevening?
四、宾语从句和状语从句的分辩
在某些情况下,同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。
如if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。
可以用以下方法来处理:
当if解释为“是否”时,其引导的是宾语从句。
遵循宾语从句的时态规则。
Hedoesn’tknowifthefamoussingerwillcometomorrow.
当if解释为“如果”时,其引导的是条件状语从句。
遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。
Hewillcomeifhehastimetomorrow.
五、例题讲解
(1)Heasked____________.
A.thatshewasfreethenextweek
B.ifshehasdoneherwork
C.whatdidshedo
D.whathernamewas
根据语序可以排除C,根据时态可以排除B,根据asked可以判断后面是疑问句,不可能用that这个连词,因此选择D.
(2)Didn’tyourteachersay_______________?
A.howlongyouwouldbeaway
B.themoontraveledroundtheearth
C.thatPeterisveryclever
D.thatlighttravelsfasterthansound
根据say排除A,因为它后面只能跟陈述句,根据主句时态排除C,而B,D都属于客观事实,应该用一般现在时态,所以只能选D.
六、练习
1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.that B.how C.what D.if
2.—Idon'tknow_____ Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.
—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.
A.why B.when C.how D.where
3.—Weneverknow_____ theoldmanis.
—Theysayheisateacher.
A.what B.who C.which D.where
4.—Doyouknow_____ ?
I'mgoingtoseehim.
—Sorry,Idon'tknow.
A.wheredoesMr.Lilive B.wheredidMr.Lilive
C.whereMr.Lilives D.whereMr.Lilived
5.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.
A.whatthematteris B.whatiswrong
C.whatwasthematter D.whatwrongwas
6.Doyouknow______?
A.Whattimewilltheplanetakeoff
B. Whattimewouldtheplanetakeoff
C. Whattimetheplanewilltakeoff
D.theplanewilltakeoffatwhattime
7.Themanagercameuptosee_______.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematteris D.what'sthematter
8.Theteacherdidn’tbeginherclass _________ thestudentsstoppedtalking.
A.until B.because C.after D.when
9.Ifit __________ tomorrow,we’llgototheGreatwall.
A.doesn’train B.won’train C.notrains D.isn’train
10..Couldyoutellme __________ wegettotheplane?
A.how B.whether C.where D.what
11.Theteachersays __________ shewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.
A.if B.who C.that D.what
12.Youmustmakeyournewhousecleanandsafe __________ youmovein.
A.because B.when C.before D.until
13.Iwas ________ tired _________ Icouldn’twalkon.
A.so…that B.too…to
C.very…that D.very…to
14.Ithoughthe ________ toseehismotherifhe _________ time.
A.willgo…has B.willgo…willhave
C.wouldgo…wouldhave D.wouldgo…had
练习:
1.WangHaitoldme __hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)
2.Canyoutellme__elseisgoingtobeonduty?
(who,whom)
3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)
4.Healwaysthinks ___hecandobetter.(how,who)
5.Ihopehe ____ (come)backinaweek.
6.DoitcostmuchmoneytoflytoBeijing?
Couldyoutellme?
(合并为一个复合句)
Couldyoutellme___it____muchmoneytoflytoBeijing?
7.Iamgoodatswimming.Jacksaid.
_____________________________________
8.AretheyfromGermany?
Tomasked.
_______________________________________
9.Didthatgirlbreakthewindow?
Pleasetellme.
__________________________________________
10Howmanygirlsarethereintheroom?
Ourteacherasked.
___________________________________________
11HaveyourparentseverbeentoLondon?
Hedidn’tknow.
___________________________________________
12Thereare12monthsinayear.Mumtoldme.
_____________________________________________
参考答案:
DAACCCAAAACCAD
参考答案:
1.why2.who3that4.how5willcome 6.if,costs
7.Jacksaidthathewasgoodatswimming.
8.TomaskediftheywerefromGermany.
9.Pleasetellmeifthatgirlbrokethewindow.
10.Ourteacheraskedhowmanygirlstherewereintheroom.
11.Hedidn’tknowifyourparentshadeverbeentoLondon.
12.Mumtoldmethatthereare12monthsinayear
习题
(一)
1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.TakesD.willtake
2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___adictation today.
A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are
4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled
答案:
一/1-5ADCBC
习题
(二)
1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe
5.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
6.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
习题(三)
1.Theydon'tknow ______ theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
2.Pleasetellme______lastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
4.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
5Didyouknow____?
A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor
C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter
6Couldyoutellme___?
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
答案:
三/1-6BDBAAC
习题(四)
1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.(北京市东城区)
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
2.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.
—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.(杭州市)
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
3.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.
—Theysayheisateacher.(鄂州市)
A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where
4.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.(重庆市)
A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen
5.—Doyouknow_____?
I'mgoingtoseehim.
—Sorry,Idon'tknow.(北京市海淀区)
A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.Lilive
C.whereMr.LilivesD.whe