宾语从句讲解练习.docx

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宾语从句讲解练习.docx

宾语从句讲解练习

宾语从句

掌握宾语从句应注意引导词(连词),语序以及时态三方面要素。

下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容

宾语从句句式

连词

语序

陈述句

that

不变

一般疑问句

If/whether

改为陈述语序

特殊疑问句

特殊疑问词

改为陈述语序

宾语从句的时态问题

主句

一般现在时态

一般过去时态

从句

保留原来时态

改为过去的某个时态

客观事实和自然现象除外

所谓改为过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化

一般现在时态

一般过去时态

现在进行时态

过去进行时态(was/weredoing)

现在完成时态

过去完成时态(had过去分词)

一般将来时态

过去将来时态(woulddo.was/weregoingtodo)

 

宾语从句的用法以及应注意点:

一、宾语从句的引导词

1.当由陈述句来充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义常省略。

eg.Ithink(that)heisright.

Iknow(that)sheisaCanadianathlete.

I’msure(that)hewillgetthejob.

I’mglad(that)youaretryingtohelpothers.

Hetellsme(that)hewillworkhardthisterm.

特别注意:

宾语从句否定意义的转移。

若主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess等词,而且主句的主语是第一人称时候,如果从句谓语是否定的,一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去,而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。

如:

Idon’tthinkhehastimetocometotheparty.

2.当由特殊疑问句做宾语从句时,引导词由原来的特殊疑问词来充当。

有意义不能省略。

从句的语序要用陈述语序。

句末的标点符号由主句决定。

常出现的特殊疑问词:

when,why,how,where,who、whom、whose、which,what等。

eg.1)Heasks,“Howcantheygettoschool?

Heaskshowtheycangettoschool.

2)Doyouknow?

Whendidhebuythispen?

Doyouknowwhenheboughtthispen?

3)Canyoutellme?

Whatisyourname?

Canyoutellmewhatyournameis?

3.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”“是不是”“能否”等。

eg.1)Heasksmeif/whetherhecancome.

2)I’mnotsureif/whethershewillhelpme.

3)Doyouknowif/whetherthetrainwillarriveontime?

特别注意:

1)直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether不用if

eg.Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome.让我知道他是否能来。

2)介词之后用whether不用if

eg.Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.

I’mworriedaboutwhethertheywillarriveontime.

3)不定式前用whether不用if

二、宾语从句要用陈述句语序

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前

(1)主句+(that)从句(主语+谓语……);

(2)主句+if/whether从句(主语+谓语…);

(3)主句+特殊疑问词+陈述句语序(主语+谓语…)

eg.Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer?

Canyoutellmewhatyournameis?

特别注意:

What’sthematter?

作为宾语从句时有两种前况。

当它的解释是“怎么了?

”时,语序不要变化。

当它的解释是“这是什么物质?

”时,要变为陈述句语序。

如:

Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatthematterwas.

Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter?

三、宾语从句的时态

要遵循时态的一致性原则。

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句谓语时态的制约,这种现象称为“时态的呼应”

1.主句是一般现在时,宾语从句时态不受主句谓语动词的影响,根据实际情况而定。

eg.IknowthatshewillleaveChinatomorrow.

DoyouknowwhyIcouldpasstheexamlastterm?

2.主句是一般过去时,宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态。

比如,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去将来时等等。

eg.Mr.Kingdidn’tknowwhenhissoncamehomeyesterdayevening.

Hewantedtoknowwhenthemeetingwouldstart.

Shedidn’ttelluswhereshelived.

3.主句是一般过去时,但如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然现象,其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。

eg.Theteachertolduslighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.

Hesaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.

Shesaidthatherfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.

特别注意:

若是主句出现Couldyoutellme?

Wouldyoupleasetellme?

这样的句型,并不表示过去时只是表示比较婉转的语气,其后的宾语从句时态根据实际情况而定。

不要混淆哦。

做题目要特别注意。

eg.Couldyoutellmewhetheryouwillcallmethisevening?

四、宾语从句和状语从句的分辩

在某些情况下,同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。

如if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。

可以用以下方法来处理:

 当if解释为“是否”时,其引导的是宾语从句。

遵循宾语从句的时态规则。

 Hedoesn’tknowifthefamoussingerwillcometomorrow.

 当if解释为“如果”时,其引导的是条件状语从句。

遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。

Hewillcomeifhehastimetomorrow.

五、例题讲解

(1)Heasked____________.

A.thatshewasfreethenextweek

B.ifshehasdoneherwork

C.whatdidshedo

D.whathernamewas

根据语序可以排除C,根据时态可以排除B,根据asked可以判断后面是疑问句,不可能用that这个连词,因此选择D.

(2)Didn’tyourteachersay_______________?

A.howlongyouwouldbeaway

B.themoontraveledroundtheearth

C.thatPeterisveryclever

D.thatlighttravelsfasterthansound

根据say排除A,因为它后面只能跟陈述句,根据主句时态排除C,而B,D都属于客观事实,应该用一般现在时态,所以只能选D.

六、练习

1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.

A.that           B.how        C.what         D.if

2.—Idon'tknow_____ Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.

—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.

 A.why      B.when       C.how      D.where

3.—Weneverknow_____ theoldmanis.

—Theysayheisateacher.

A.what     B.who      C.which     D.where

4.—Doyouknow_____ ?

I'mgoingtoseehim.

  —Sorry,Idon'tknow.

A.wheredoesMr.Lilive  B.wheredidMr.Lilive

C.whereMr.Lilives    D.whereMr.Lilived

5.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.

A.whatthematteris B.whatiswrong  

C.whatwasthematter D.whatwrongwas

6.Doyouknow______?

A.Whattimewilltheplanetakeoff

B. Whattimewouldtheplanetakeoff

C. Whattimetheplanewilltakeoff

D.theplanewilltakeoffatwhattime

7.Themanagercameuptosee_______.

A.whatwasthematter         B.whatthematterwas

C.whatthematteris           D.what'sthematter

8.Theteacherdidn’tbeginherclass  _________  thestudentsstoppedtalking.

      A.until             B.because               C.after             D.when

9.Ifit  __________  tomorrow,we’llgototheGreatwall.

      A.doesn’train        B.won’train       C.notrains    D.isn’train

10..Couldyoutellme __________  wegettotheplane?

      A.how         B.whether            C.where             D.what

11.Theteachersays  __________  shewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.

      A.if                  B.who              C.that               D.what

12.Youmustmakeyournewhousecleanandsafe __________  youmovein.

      A.because             B.when             C.before             D.until

13.Iwas  ________ tired  _________  Icouldn’twalkon.

      A.so…that                             B.too…to

      C.very…that                             D.very…to

14.Ithoughthe  ________  toseehismotherifhe _________  time.

      A.willgo…has                            B.willgo…willhave

      C.wouldgo…wouldhave                    D.wouldgo…had

练习:

1.WangHaitoldme __hedidn'tgocyclingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)

2.Canyoutellme__elseisgoingtobeonduty?

(who,whom)

3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)

4.Healwaysthinks ___hecandobetter.(how,who)

5.Ihopehe ____ (come)backinaweek.

6.DoitcostmuchmoneytoflytoBeijing?

Couldyoutellme?

(合并为一个复合句)

Couldyoutellme___it____muchmoneytoflytoBeijing?

7.Iamgoodatswimming.Jacksaid.

_____________________________________

8.AretheyfromGermany?

Tomasked.

_______________________________________

9.Didthatgirlbreakthewindow?

Pleasetellme.

__________________________________________

10Howmanygirlsarethereintheroom?

Ourteacherasked.

___________________________________________

11HaveyourparentseverbeentoLondon?

Hedidn’tknow.

___________________________________________

12Thereare12monthsinayear.Mumtoldme.

_____________________________________________

参考答案:

DAACCCAAAACCAD

参考答案:

1.why2.who3that4.how5willcome    6.if,costs

7.Jacksaidthathewasgoodatswimming.

8.TomaskediftheywerefromGermany.

9.Pleasetellmeifthatgirlbrokethewindow.

10.Ourteacheraskedhowmanygirlstherewereintheroom.

11.Hedidn’tknowifyourparentshadeverbeentoLondon.

12.Mumtoldmethatthereare12monthsinayear

习题

(一)

1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.

   A.tookB.takeC.TakesD.willtake

   2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

   A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone

C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

   3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___adictation today.

   A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are

   4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.

   A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay

   5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.

   A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled

   答案:

一/1-5ADCBC

习题

(二)

1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

   A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

   2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

   A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

   3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.

   A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

   4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.

   A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe

   5.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.

   A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when

      6.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.

   AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose

习题(三)

   1.Theydon'tknow ______  theirparentsare.

   AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

   2.Pleasetellme______lastyear. 

   A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork

   CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked

   3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.

   A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas

C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit

   4.Youmustremember________.

   A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay

   C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid

   5Didyouknow____?

   A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor

   C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter

   6Couldyoutellme___?

   A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing

   C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing

   答案:

三/1-6BDBAAC

 

习题(四)

1.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_____WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.(北京市东城区)

   A.thatB.howC.whatD.if

   2.—Idon'tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.

   —HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.(杭州市)

   A.whyB.whenC.howD.where

   3.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.

   —Theysayheisateacher.(鄂州市)

   A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where

   4.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.(重庆市)

   A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen

   5.—Doyouknow_____?

I'mgoingtoseehim.

   —Sorry,Idon'tknow.(北京市海淀区)

   A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.Lilive

   C.whereMr.LilivesD.whe

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