语言学测试.docx

语言学测试.docx

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语言学测试

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

          Chapter1  IntroductionstoLinguistics

I.     Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.  Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman   

    __________

A.contact   B.communication    C.relation      D.community

2.  Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

     A.tree    B.typewriter      C.crash        D.bang

3.  Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is 

__________.

    A.interrogative   B.directive   C.informative    D.performative

4.   InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

   A.Interpersonal  B.Emotive   C.Performative    D.Recreational

5. Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

  A.Transferability  B.Duality    C.Displacement     D.Arbitrariness

6. Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

     —Aniceday,isn’tit?

     —Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

    A.Emotive     B.Phatic    C.Performative    D.Interpersonal

7. __________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’s knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.

     A.Performance  B.Competence   C.Langue      D.Parole

8.     Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.

  A.culturaltransmission  B.productivity  C.displacement    D.duality

9.  __________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

  A.Psycholinguistics B.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.Sociolinguistics    D.Appliedlinguistics

10. __________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

  A.Linguistictheory            B.Practicallinguistics

 C.Appliedlinguistics           D.Comparativelinguistics

II.     Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.     Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12.     Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13.     Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14.     Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15.     Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16.     Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17.     F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18.     AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.

19.     Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20.     Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III.     Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21.  Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22.     Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.

23.     Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24.     Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25.     Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26.     Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.     Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting.

28.     Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.

29.     Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.     LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.

IV.     Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.     Designfeature

32.     Displacement

33.     Competence

34.     Synchroniclinguistics

V.     Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.     Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

36.     Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

VI.     Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.     Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（青岛海洋大学，1999）

Key:

[Inthereferencekeys,Iwon’tgiveexamplesorfurtheranalysis.Thatseemstoomuchworkforme.Therefore,thiskeyisonlyforreference.Inordertoanswerthiskindofquestion,youneedmoreexamples.Soyoushouldreadthetextbookcarefully.–icywarmtea]

I.

1~5BACCC                          6~10BACAC

II.

11~15FFTFF                          16~20FFFFF

III.

21.verbal                                22.productivity/creativity

23.metalingualfunction                24.yo-he-ho

25.scientific                          26.descriptive

27.speech                          28.diachroniclinguistic

29.langue                          30.competence

IV.

31.     Designfeature:

Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.

32.     Displacement:

Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent（intimeandspace）atthemomentofcommunication.

33.     Competence:

Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.

34.     Synchroniclinguistics:

Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.

V.

35.     

Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.

Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.

36.

     Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.

VI.

37.

     Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:

exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientificprocedure:

formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.

Chapter2  SpeechSounds

I.     Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.     Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

     A.intonation  B.tone    C.pronunciation          D.voice

2.     Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.

     A.allophone     B.phone     C.phoneme     D.morpheme

3.     Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.

     A.analogues    B.tagmemes    C.morphemes   D.allophones

4.     Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas

    __________.

     A.glottis      B.vocalcavity     C.pharynx         D.uvula

5.     Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.

     A.wide    B.closing  C.narrow        D.centering

6.     Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.

     A.minimalpairs     B.allomorphs  C.phones    D.allophones

7.     Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

     A.Acousticphonetics       B.Articulatoryphonetics

     C.Auditoryphonetics        D.Noneoftheabove

8.     Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

     A.[n]      B.[m]        C.[b]         D.[p]

9.     Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

     A.[i:

]