级大学英语英语摸底考试试题.docx

级大学英语英语摸底考试试题.docx

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级大学英语英语摸底考试试题

卷号：

总分

核分人

二O一二—二O一三学年第一学期

大学英语四级试题

（2011级非英语专业本科）（闭）卷

题号

一

二

三

四

五

六

七

八

九

十

题分

10

25

40

10

15

得分

注意：

学号、姓名和所在年级班级不写、不写全或写在密封线外者，试卷作废。

PartIFastReading（15minutes）（10×1’=10’）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.

AnimalsontheMove

Itlookedlikeascenefrom“Jaws”butwithoutthedramaticmusic.Ahugesharkwasslowlyswimmingthroughthewater,itstailswingingbackandforthlikethependulumofaclock.

Suddenlysensitivenerveendingintheshark’sskinpickedupvibrationsofastrugglingfish.Thesharkwasimmediatelytransformedintoadeadly,efficientmachineofdeath.Withmusclestaut,thesharkknifedthroughthewateratarapidspeed.Inaflashthesharkcaughtitsvictim,alargefish,initspowerfuljaws.Then,jerkingitsheadbackandforth,thesharktorehugechunksoffleshfromitsvictimandswallowedthem.Soontheactionwasover.

MovingtoSurvive

Inpursuingitsprey,thesharkdemonstratedinadramaticwaytheimportantroleofmovement,orlocomotion,inanimals.

Liketheshark,mostanimalsusemovementtofindfood.Theyalsouselocomotiontoescapeenemies,findamate,andexplorenewterritories.Themethodsoflocomotionincludecrawling,hopping,slithering,flying,swimming,orwalking.

Humanshavetheaddedadvantageofusingtheirvariousinventionstomoveaboutinjustaboutanykindofenvironment.Automobiles,rockets,andsubmarinestransporthumansfromdeepoceanstoasfarawayasthemoon.However,forotheranimalsmovementcameaboutnaturallythroughmillionsofyearsofevolution.Oneofthemostsuccessfulexamplesofanimallocomotionisthatoftheshark.Itsabilitytoquicklyzeroinonitspreyhasalwaysimpressedscientists.ButittookadetailedstudybyDukeUniversitymarinebiologistsS.A.Wainwright,F.Vosburgh,andJ.H.Hebranktofindouthowthesharksdidit.IntheirstudythescientistsobservedsharksswimminginatankatMarinelandinSaintAugustine,Fla.Moviesweretakenofthesharks’movementsandanalyzed.Studieswerealsomadeofsharkskinandmuscle.

SkinIstheKey

Thebiologistsdiscoveredthattheskinofthesharkisthekeytotheanimal’shighefficiencyinswimmingthroughthewater.Theskincontainsmanyfibersthatcrisscrossliketheinsideofabeltedradialtire.Thefibersarecalledcollagenfibers.Thesefiberscaneitherstoreorreleaselargeamountsofenergydependingonwhetherthefibersarerelaxedortaut.Whenthefibersarestretched,energyisstoredinthemthewayenergyisstoredinthestringofabowwhenpulledtight.Whentheenergyisreleased,thefibersbecomerelaxed.

TheDukeUniversitybiologistshavefoundthatthegreateststretchingoccurswherethesharkbendsitsbodywhileswimming.Duringthebody’sbackandforthmotion,fibersalongtheoutsidepartofthebendingbodystretchgreatly.Muchpotentialenergyisstoredinthefibers.Thisenergyisreleasedwhentheshark’sbodysnapsbacktheotherway.

Asenergyisalternatelystoredandreleasedonbothsidesoftheanimal’sbody,thetailwhipsstronglybackandforth.Thiswhip-likeactionpropelstheanimalthroughthewaterlikealivingbullet.

SourceofEnergy

Whatcausesthefiberstostoresomuchenergy?

InfindingtheanswertheDukeUniversityscientistslearnedthattheshark’ssimilaritytoabeltedradialtiredoesn’tstopwiththeskin.Justasaradialtireisinflatedbypressure,so,too,istheareajustundertheshark’scollagen“radials”.Insteadofairpressure,however,thepressureinthesharkmaybeduetotheforceofthebloodpressingonthecollagenfibers.

Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelativelylow.Thefibersaremorerelaxed,andthesharkisabletobenditsbodyatsharpangles.Theanimalswimsthiswaywhenlookingaroundforfoodorjustswimming.However,whenthesharkdetectsanimportantfoodsource,somefantasticinvoluntarychangestakeplace.

Thepressureinsidetheanimalmayincreaseby10times.Thispressurechangegreatlystretchesthefibers,enablingmuchenergytobestored.

Thisenergyisthentransferredtothetail,andthesharkisoff.Therestofthestoryispredictable.

DolphinHasSpeedRecord

Anotherfastmarineanimalisthedolphin.Thisseagoingmammalhasbeenclockedatspeedsof32kilometers（20miles）anhour.Biologistsstudyingthedolphinhavediscoveredthat,liketheshark,theanimal’sefficientlocomotioncanbetracedtoitsskin.Adolphin’sskinismadeupinsuchawaythatitoffersverylittleresistancetothewaterflowingoverit.Normallywhenafishorotherobjectmovesslowlythroughthewater,thewaterflowssmoothlypastthebody.Thissmoothflowisknownaslaminarflow.However,atfasterspeedsthewaterbecomesmoreturbulentalongthemovingfish.Thisturbulencemusesfrictionandslowsthefishdown.

Inadolphintheskinissoflexiblethatitbendsandyieldstothewavinessofthewater.

Thewaves,ineffect,becometuckedintotheskin’sfolds.Thisallowstherestofthewatertomovesmoothlybyinalaminarflow.Whereotheranimalswouldbeslowedbyturbulentwateratrapidspeeds,thedolphincanracethroughthewateratrecordbreakingspeeds.

OtherAnimalsLessEfficient

Notallanimalsmoveasefficientlyassharksanddolphins.Perhapsthegreatestloserinlocomotionefficiencyistheslug.Theslug,whichlookslikeasnailwithoutashell,laysdownaslimytrailoverwhichitcrawls.Itusessomuchenergyproducingtheslimymucus（粘液）andcrawlingoveritthatamousetravelingthesamedistanceusesonlyonetwelfthasmuchenergy.

Scientistssaythatbecauseoftheslug’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustberestricted.Thatis,theanimalsareforcedtoconfinethemselvestosmallareasforobtainingfoodandfindingproperlivingconditions.Havehumanseverbeenfacedwiththiskindofproblem?

1.Accordingtothepassage,asharkcanusemovementtodosomethingexcept_________.

A）tofindfood.

B）toavoidbeingchasedbyitsenemies.

C）tofindanewplacetolive.

D）toshowitsbraveness.

2.Examplesofautomobiles,rocketsandsubmarinesareusedtoshowthat_________.

A）humansarethemostcleverlivingcreaturesintheworld.

B）humaninventionsenableustotravelinalmostanykindofenvironment.

C）humansareverysuccessfulininventingtransportationtools.

D）humanscan’tmovelikeotheranimalsinanycircumstances.

3.Whatisthekeytotheshark’sswiftlocomotioninwater?

A）Theskin.B）Thetail.C）Themuscle.D）Thejaw.

4.AccordingtotheDukeUniversityscientists,whendoesthesharkstretchitscollagenfiberstothegreatestextent?

A）Whenmovingitstailrapidly.B）Whenfindingitspreys.

C）Whenstayingwithoutanymovement.D）Whenbendingitsbodyinswimming.

5.Whyistheareajustundertheshark’scollagenfiberssimilartoabeltedradialtire?

A）Becauseitisalsofullofbloodpressure.

B）Becauseitisalsofilledofairpressure.

C）Becauseitisalsoinflatedbypressure.

D）Becauseitalsocanbeusedagainandagain.

6.Alaminarflowisformedwhenafishswims________________.

A）slowlythroughthewater.B）rapidlythroughthewater.

C）againstthecurrent.D）atthefastestspeedinwater.

7.Consumingtheequalamountofenergyasaslugdoes,amousecantravel＿＿aslongasit.

A）onetwelfthtimes.B）thesame.C）12times.D）1.2times.

8.Whenthesharkswimsslowly,thepressureonthefibersisrelatively_______.

A）highB）bigC）lowD）thesame

9.Dolphinhasbeenclockedatspeedsof＿＿＿anhour.

A）32kilometersB）20kilometersC）32milesD）12miles

10.Scientistssaythatbecauseofthe＿＿＿’sinefficientuseofenergy,itslifestylemustberestricted.

A）dolphinB）sharkC）slugD）mouse

PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）（25’）

SectionA（15×1’=15’）

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.A）Talkingaboutsports.B）Writinguplocalnews.

C）ReadingnewspapersD）Puttingupadvertisements.

12.A）Shemadeamistakebytakingtoofewcoursesinthefirstterm.

B）Thecoursesshetookweretoodifficultforher.

C）Shetooktoomanycoursesduringherfirstterm.

D）Shefounditdifficultdealingwithcollegecourses.

13.A）Hecan’taffordtobuyanewcar.

B）Hehaspaidforthecarbyregularinstallments.

C）Hewillbuythecarassoonashegetsthecash.

D）Hehasalreadymadethedownpaymentonthecar.

14.A）Toattendapartyataclassmate’shome.

B）Todohomeworkwithherclassmate.

C）Toattendaneveningclass.

D）Tohavesupperoutwithherclassmate.

15.A）Themanagreeswiththewoman.

B）Themanisannoyedbythewoman.

C）Themandisagreeswiththewoman.

D）Themanexpressesnoopiniononthewoman’sremark.

16.A）Hecan’tfindabigapartment.

B）Hehadabiggerapartmentbefore.

C）Hefindsthenewapartmenttoobigforhim.

D）He’shavingahardtimefindinganewapartment.

17.A）Thewomandoesnotwanttogotothemovies.

B）Themanistootiredtogotothemovies.

C）Thewomanwantstogotothemovies.

D）Themanwantstogooutfordinner.

18.A）HethoughtDr.Parke