考研英语一真题及答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案

【完形】

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation'sgreattraditions:

theSundayroast.1acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow.Thefoodpolicearedeterminedourhealth.Thatthis3shouldberenderedyetanotherquiltypleasure4todamageourhealth.

　　TheFoodStandardsAuthority（FSA）has5apublicwormingabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly8toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchadarmlistadvice?

9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.

　　Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof12theprecautionaryprincipleitcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14itwasrumourdedthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea15

　　Doubtlessapieceofboiledfeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?

17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,butreducetheirlifetimeintake.Howeverits19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening.

　　1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]on[D]Till

　　2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence

　　3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concem

　　4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed

　　5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]cancelled

　　6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by

　　7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid

　　8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially

　　9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While

　　10.[A]secondary[B]extermal[C]conclusive[D]negative

　　11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow

　　12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof[C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto

　　13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate

　　14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall

　　15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern

　　16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used

　　17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance[C]Tobebrief[D]Ingeneral

　　18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully

　　19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition

　　20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup

　　答案（1-20）

　　1.on

　　2.match

　　3.enjoyment

　　4.intensified

　　5.issued

　　6.at

　　7.avoid

　　8.easily

　　9.while

　　10.conclusive

　　11.bound

　　12.onthebasisof

　　13.advisable

　　14.afterall

　　15.connection

　　16.served

　　17.tobefair

　　18.entirely

　　19.campaign

　　20.endup

　　【阅读】

　　SectionIIIReadingComprehension

　　PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryforZozl.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin220mofinvestmentandanavalacheofarts,outnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'town,itistruearenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabittobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

　　SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLivorpoolin2008."AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:

aftertownofculture,whoknowsthatwillfollow-villageofculture?

Suburbofculture?

Hamletofculture?

　　Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.

　　Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:

Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

　　A"townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities-helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.

　　21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata"townofculture"awardcould

　　[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.

　　[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns.

　　[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain'stowns.

　　[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

　　22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas

　　[A]asensiblecompromise.

　　[B]aself-deceivingattempt.

　　[C]aneye-cotchingbonus.

　　[D]aninaccessibletarget.

　　23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit

　　[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.

　　[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.

　　[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.

　　[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.

　　24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent

　　[A]acontrastingcase.

　　[B]asupportingexample.

　　[C]abackgroundstory.

　　[D]arelatedtopic.

　　25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

　　[A]Skeptical

　　[B]Objective

　　[C]Favourable

　　[D]Critical

　　答案（21-25）

　　21.DfocusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

　　22.Baself-deceivingattempt.

　　23.Dcommitstoitslong-termgrowth.

　　24.Basupportingexample.

　　25.CFavourable.

　　Text2

　　Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney,Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

　　Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

　　TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethanf900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethanf210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

　　InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms;eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

　　Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese"articlepreparationcosts"hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.

　　Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:

labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

　　26.Scientificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause

　　[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

　　[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

　　[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

　　[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.!

　　27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

　　[A]thrivedmainlyonu