英美文学1 the Renaissance period.docx

英美文学1 the Renaissance period.docx

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英美文学1theRenaissanceperiod

ChapterITheRenaissancePeriod

　　一、学习目的和要求通过本章学习，了解文艺复兴运动和人文主义思潮产生的历史，文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征和基本主张，及其对同时代及后世英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。

　　二、考核要求

（一）文艺复兴时期概述

　　1.识记：

（1）文艺复兴时期的界定质

（2）历史文化背景

　　2.领会：

（1）文艺复兴运动的意义与影响

（2）文艺复兴时期的文学特点

　　（3）人文主义的主张及对文学的影响

　　3.应用：

文艺复兴，人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释

　　BriefIntroductiontotheRenaissancePeriod

　　1.应用DefinitionsoftheLiteraryTerms：

　　1.TheRenaissance：

①TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally，itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly，withthefloweringofpainting，sculpture&literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.②TheRenaissance，whichmeans"rebirth"or"revival，"isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents，suchasthere-discoveryofancientRoman&Greekculture，thenewdiscoveriesingeography&astrology，thereligiousreformation&theeconomicexpansion.③TheRenaissance，therefore，inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope，tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie，&torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.④HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance.⑤ThemainstreamofEnglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandrama.⑥AmongtheliterarygiantswereShakespeare,Spenser,Sidney,Marlowe,BaconandDonne.

　　2.Humanism：

　　HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.①ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious，intellectualside，fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.②Throughthenewlearning，humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment，butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections，andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion，explore，andenjoy.③Thus，byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife，theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife，buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.④ThomasMore，ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.

　　3.Spenserianstanza：

　　SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines，withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&thelastlineiniambichexameter，rhymingababbcbcc.

4.Allegory

①Itisastoryordescriptioninwhichthecharactersandeventssymbolizesomedeepermeaningtoservetospreadmoralteaching.②Abstractqualitiesorideas,suchaspatience,purity,trutharepersonified.③JohnBunyan’sThePilgrim’sProgressistheexample.

　　5.Metaphysicalpoetry：

　　①Theterm"metaphysicalpoetry"iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.②Witharebelliousspirit，themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.Itismarkedbytheingeniousconceit（奇喻）,complexityofthought,frequentuseofparadox.Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife.③Itsexpressionisharsh,rigid.Itsthemeismainlyaboutlove,deathandreligion.

　　6.TheRenaissancehero：

　　ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition，facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe'shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays，whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod'swill，heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower，knowledge，andglory，theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchaspirit.

7.Sonnet

Itisalyricpoemof14lines,whichwasfirstpopularinRenaissanceinItaly,thenwidespreadtootherEuropeancountries.AmongthenotablesonneteersarePetrarch,Shakespeare,Spenser.Accordingtotheirfounders,therearethreeprominentformsofsonnet:

1）Shakespeareansonnet:

3quatrainsandaterminalcouplet,whichiswritteniniambicpentameterwithrhymeschemeababcdcdefefgg.

2）Petrarchansonnet（Italiansonnet）:

containsanoctavicrhymingabbaabba,orasestetofvariousrhymepatternscdecde,cdcdcd.

3）Spenseriansonnet:

contains3quatrainandacouplet,rhymingababbcbccdcdee.

（二）该时期的重要作家

　　1.一般识记：

重要作家的文学生涯

　　2.识记：

重要作品及主要内容

　　3.领会：

重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法，社会意义等。

　　4.应用：

（1）莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题，意象

（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物性格分析

　　（3）哈姆雷特的性格分析

　　（4）史诗《失乐园》的结构，人物性格，语言特点等的分析

1.EdmundSpenser-----“thepoets’poet”.

　　1.一般识记

　　BriefIntroductiontotheAuthorEnglishpoet，borninLondon，England，about1552，anddiedinLondon，Jan13，1599.

　　2.识记

　　HisMajorWorksSpenser'smostimportantwork&masterpieceisTheFaerieQueene，agreatpoemofitsage,Acomplexmoral，religious，&politicalallegory，itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&theEnglishnation.AccordingtoSpenser'sownexplanation，hisprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"historicalpoem"theexampleofaperfectgentleman：

"tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&gentlediscipline."ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues，suchas，temperance&justice.

OthermajorworksofSpenserareTheShepheardesCalender（1579），apoemconsistingof12eclogues-correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear；Epithalamion（1595），apoemexpressingthedeeppersonalfeelingsoccasionedbythepoetssecondmarriage；Amoretti（1595），aseriesofsonnets.

　　3.领会

　　HisInfluence

　　1）MainqualitiesofSpenser'spoetry

　　①aperfectmelody　②araresenseofbeauty　③asplendidimagination

　　④aloftymoralpurity&seriousness⑤adedicatedidealism

　　2）Inhiswriting，Spenserdrewontheconventions&thoughtofClassical，medieval，&Renaissanceliterature.However，headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal，&hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza，calledtheSpenserianstanza，whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&hiscombinationofemotion，erudition，&spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism，hisloveofbeauty，&hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"thepoets'poet."

　　4.应用

　　TheFaerieQueene：

　　1）Itisalong，allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem，Spenserdramatizedpolitical，religious，&moralthemesbypersonifyingthem，ormakingthemcharacters.

　　2）Plot：

Thestory，whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&medievallegend，dealswiththeadventuresofsixknightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana，whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser'sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.Butonly6bookswerecompleted.Thepoemisparticularlyadmiredforthemelodicbeautyofitslanguage&foritsrichcontentofphilosophical&mythologicalmaterialpresentedintheformofvividnarratives.

II.ChristopherMarlowe

　　1.一般识记

　　BriefIntroduction

　　Englishdramatist&poet，borninCanterbury，England，Feb，6，1567，diedinDeptford，England，May30，1593.MarlowewasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.HebroughttotheEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy，oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&ambitions.

　　2.识记

　　HisMajorWorks

　　HismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus，TheJewofMalta，Tamburlaine&EdwardⅡ。

Inhisplays，Marloweusedblankverse（unrhymediambicpentameter），whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.AfterhisdevelopmentofblankverseitbecamethestandardmediumforEnglishdramatic&epicpoetry.

Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHeroandLeander，"thePassionateshepherdtoHislove，",aversetranslationofOvid'sAmores.

　　Marlowe'sDoctorFaustus（about1589），generallyconsideredhisbestplay，wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus，whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay'sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge，power&happiness；italsorevealsman'sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene，inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom，brilliantlyrendersthefear&agonyofacondemnedman.

　　TheJewofMalta（about1589）illustratesMarlowe'soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero，BarabastheJew，servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenice.Inabout1592.MarlowewroteoneofthefirstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas，EdwardⅡ。

Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization，stagecraft&rhetoric.

　　Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&sheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother，Marlowevoicedthe