汉语兼语句英译的研究.docx

汉语兼语句英译的研究.docx

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汉语兼语句英译的研究

摘要

本论文意在研究汉语兼语句及其更好、更流畅的翻译方法。

通过分析兼语句和相关类似句型以及它们的翻译，比如：

主谓结构作宾语、连动句、双宾语句等等。

首先，本文解释兼语句和类似句型的定义，然后将进行它们之间的对比以展示差异，最后讨论日常用到的兼语句的翻译方法。

在进行对比与翻译时，将使用来自不同译者、不同作品的译文来帮助更好地解释兼语句的用法和译法。

关键词：

中文兼语句；英译；对比

Abstract

ThethesisaimstostudytheChinesepivotalsentenceandwaysoftranslatingitbetterandmorefluently.Throughanalyzingthemeaningandtranslationofthepivotalsentenceandsimilar,relatedsentences,suchassubject-predicatestructuresasobject,sentencesofverbalconstructioninseries,double-objectsentencesetc,wecanfindoutmoreculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish.First,thisthesiswillexplainthedefinitionsofthepivotalsentenceandthosesimilarsentences,then,comparisonsaremadetoshowdifferencesbetweenthem,andfinally,waysoftranslatingthepivotalsentencesusuallyusedarediscussed.Comparisonswillbemadethroughextractsfromdifferenttranslatorsandtranslationsofdifferentworkstohelpbetterexplaintheusagesandtranslatingmethodsofthepivotalsentence.

Keywords:

Chinesepivotalsentence;translationintoEnglish;comparison

TableofContents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1.Introduction1

1.1Literaturereview1

1.2SignificanceofResearchontheTranslationoftheChineseSimpleSentence1-2

1.3StructureofthisPaper2

2.DefinitionandTypesofthePivotalSentence3

2.1DefinitionoftheChinesePivotalSentence3

2.2TypesofPivotalSentences3

2.2.1ThePre-pivotVerbDenotesRequest,PermissionorCompelling........................................................3

2.2.2ThePre-pivotVerbDenotesEmotionorEvaluation............................................................................4

2.2.3ThePre-pivotVerbDenotesNaming,ChoiceorAppointment............................................................4

2.2.4ThePre-pivotVerbDenotesCauseandEffect.....................................................................................4

2.2.5ThePre-pivotVerbDenotesPossesionorExistence............................................................................4

3.DifferencebetweenthePivotalSentenceandSomeOtherPatterns...........................................................5

3.1DifferencebetweenthePivotalSentenceandaSentencewithSubject-predicateStructureasObject....5-6

3.2DifferencebetweenthePivotalSentenceandaSentencewithVerbalConstructioninSeries....................6

3.3DifferencebetweenthePivotalSentenceandtheDouble-objectSentence.................................................6

4.VariousWaysoftranslatingthePivotalSentence..............................................................................7

4.1TranslationofaPivotalSentenceWhosePre-pivotVerbDenotesRequest,OrderorPermission………...7

4.2TranslationofaPivotalSentenceWhosePre-pivotVerbDenotesEmotionorEvaluation…………..….7-8

4.3TranslationofaPivotalSentenceWhosePre-pivotVerbDenotesNaming,Choiceorappointment…..8-9

4.4TranslationofaPivotalSentenceWhosePre-pivotVerbDenotesCauseandEffect………………….....9

4.5TranslationofaPivotalSentenceWhosePre-pivotVerbDenotesPossessionorExistence………….9-10

5.Conclusion11

6.References12

5.Acknowledgement13

1.Introduction

1.1LiteratureReview

Nowadays,ChinaisgrowingstrongerasourgovernmentcarriedoutmanymacroeconomicpoliciestofacilitatehundredsofthousandsofChinese’livingconditionaswellastheglobalizationnarrowinggapbetweencountries.TheworldiswitnessingtheincreaseofChina’snationalpower,withtheresultthatChineseiswidelyheardallovertheworld,andmoreandmoreforeignersareeagertolearnChineseintheirsparetime.After5000years’inheritance,changeanddevelopment,Chinesepreservedtheessenceofourlonghistoryandabsorbedstrengthsofotherlanguages.ForusChinese,carryingforwardourlanguageandhavingabetterunderstandingofChinese-Englishtranslationarequitecrucial.Thepivotalsentence,commonlyusedbyeverybodyandeveryday,playsanimportantroleinourdailycommunicationevenafterlonghistoryofvicissitude.

TherearealargeamountofpeoplebothfromChinaandabroadcontributealotintheareaofstudyingtranslationbetweenChineseandEnglish,yetintheareaoftranslatingChinesepivotalsentence,thefigureisquitesmall.Someresearchershavewrittenanumberofshortarticlesaboutthetranslationofthepivotalsentences,theytried,firstly,totellthereadersasimplefactthatwhatisChinesepivotalsentence,howitisstructured,andhowitcanbetranslatedaccordingtocharactersofitscertaintypes,forexample,thatpublishedinDecember1982,thenrepublishedagainin2003,bookanalyzingtranslationwhichwaswrittenbyseveralscholarsinXi’antriedtoexplorethetranslationoftheChinesepivotalsentenceintoEnglish,yetthewaysoftranslatingonlyaccountedfortwopages;publishinghisshortthesisinJournalofSoutheastGuizhouNationalTeacher’sCollegein2000,teacherPengSixiangclassifiedandexplainedwaysoftranslatingtheChinesepivotalsentenceinhisownwaybythehelpsoffewrelevantmaterialsinChinese,EnglishandevenJapanese.However,suchliteraturesarescantyandlimitedbecausetherearetoofewscholarsdevotedtothestudyoftranslatingtheChinesepivotalsentenceintoEnglish,itishardtofindoutsomeusefulmaterials,ifany,theyusuallyappearingrammarbookscoveringonlyafewpagesoronepage,evenafewlines,letaloneanyauthoritativeworksathomeorabroad.

Whatmyworkfocusesoninthisareaissummarizedfromrelevantknowledge,helpingtoextendthevalueofstudy,andwhat’smoresignificant,tocallformoreattentiontothisareafromthepublic.

1.2SignificanceofResearchontheTranslationoftheChineseSimpleSentence

Chinesecivilizationisextensiveandprofound;everysentencerepresentsthecombinationofmodernandculturaltradition.Throughcommunicationinpolitics,commerceandculture,Chinahaslearntalotfromothercountries,includinglanguage.Inordertopromotesocialandhumanprogress,Chineseshouldbebetterunderstoodbyothercountries.Asthebasiccommunicationtool,Englishsimplesentencesareclassifiedintofivetypes:

SV（subject+verb）,SVC（subject+verb+complement）,SVO（subject+verb+object）,SVOO（subject+verb+indirectobject+directobject）andSVOC（subject+verb+object+objectcomplement）.WeusethemfrequentlywhenwecommunicateinEnglish.However,itisabigproblemtotranslateeveryChinesesentenceintoEnglishsothatcommunicationmaybeeasier,becauseChinesesentencescannotbetwistedintoEnglishdirectly,theyneedsomechanges.Forexample,

（1）用英语怎么说?

Thetranslationcannotbe:

“HowtouseEnglishtosay?

”Thecorrecttranslationshouldbe“HowdoyousayitinEnglish?

”becausetheformerisn’tcorrectEnglish,buttypicalChinglishimposingtheChinesesentencepatternonEnglish.

（2）Itisawisemanthatnevermakesmistakes.

MostChinesewilltranslatethissentencelikethis:

聪明的人是不会犯错误的.However,thecorrecttranslationofthissentenceis:

再聪明的人也会犯错误or智者千虑必有一失.Here,thereasonwhywemakemistakesintranslatingitisnotonlyourlackofknowledgeinEnglishculturebutalsowedon’tknowwellaboutthestructureofgrammar.

Theabovesentencesaresimpleone,butcomplexsentencesarebasedonsimplesentences.Ifoneisunabletotranslatesimplesentences,translationofcomplexoneswillbeoutofthequestion.Therefore,thetranslationofthesimplesentenceisofgreatvalue.

1.3StructureofthisPaper

Thispaperconsistsoffiveparts.Thefirstpartisanintroduction,whichmakesareviewoftheliteratureonthestudyoftheChinesepivotalsentenceanddiscussesthesignificanceofthiskindofstudy.Thesecondpartdealswiththedefinitionofthepivotalsentenceanditsclassification.Thethirdpartdistinguishesthedifferencesbetweenthepivotalsentenceandsomeotherpatternthatlooklikeitonthesurface.Then,wecometotheparamountpart-thetranslationofthepivotalsentence,wherethetranslationofitsfivesub-typesisdiscussed,illustratedwithdaily-usedsentencesandsentencesfromtranslationsofbooksbyfamoustranslators.Attheendistheconclusion.

2.DefinitionandTypesofthePivotalSentence

2.1DefinitionoftheChinesePivotalSentence

ThepredicateoftheChinesepivotalsentenceconsistsofaverb-objectphraseandsubject-predicatephrase,butthesetwophrasesarenotindependentofeachother,butinterconnectedtoeachother,thatis,theobjectoftheverb-objectphraseisatthesametimethesubjectofthesubject-predicatephrase.Forexample:

你请他来（Youinvitehimtocome）,inthisChinesesentence,theobjectof“请”is“他”,andontheotherhand,“他”alsoservesassubjectof“来”.ThiskindofChinesesentenceisnamedthepivotalsentence,and“他”isthepivot.ThisEnglishnamecomesfromthefactthatthesegmentthatservesbothastheobjectofthefirstverbandthesubjectofthesecondverbislikeapivot—ashortshaftaroundwhichsomethingturns.

What’smore,thesecondverbinthepivotalsentencedoesnothaveanysubject-predicaterelationshipwiththesentence’ssubject,thatis,thetwoverbsinapivotalsentence’spredicatedonotsharethesamesubject.Thepredicateofapivotalsentence’ssubject-predicatephrasecanbeadjective,subject-predicatephrase,nounor,mostly,verb.

Forexample:

（3）这个消息使我很高兴。

Thisnewsmademeveryhappy.

Thepivotis“我”,and“高兴”isitspredicate;

（4）祝你身体健康。

Wishyouthebestofhealth.

Here,thepivotis“你”,anditspredicateisthesubject-predicatephrase“身体健康”.

2.2TypesofPivotalSentences

Accordingtothedifferentkindsthefirstverbofthepivotalsentenc