山东大学A level unit 5答案.docx

山东大学A level unit 5答案.docx

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山东大学Alevelunit5答案

1.SectionA:

Givethesynonymofthefollowingwords.Youcanfindtheanswersinthesuggestedparagraphsinthebrackets.

ABritishanthropologistandprimatologist,JaneGoodallistheworld'sleadingauthorityonchimpanzees.GoodallisfamousforherworkamongthechimpanzeesofGombeandforhereffortstoraiseawarenessabouttheplightofbothwildandcaptivechimpanzees.SheisthefounderoftheJaneGoodallInstituteaswellastheRoots&Shootseducationandactivismprogramforyoungpeople.SheistheauthorofnumerousbooksincludingMyLifewiththeChimpanzees,IntheShadowofMan,andReasonforHope.GoodallisaformerprotégéoffamedpaleontologistLouisLeakey.

ValerieJaneMorris-Goodallwasborn3April1934inLondon,England.Asatoddlershereceivedatoychimpanzee;althoughfamilyfriendsfeareditwouldgivehernightmares,youngJaneloveditdearlyanditbecameafrequentcompanion.Asshegrewshebecamefascinatedwithanimalsandwiththenaturalworld.Shelovedtoclimbtrees,oftensittinginthemtoread.FavoritebooksincludedtheTarzanbyEdgarRiceBurroughs,RudyardKipling'sJungleBook,andTheStoryofDoctorDolittle.ShesoonwasobsessedwiththedreamoftravellingtoAfricatolivewithwildanimals.

Goodallrecallsthathermotherwasingeneralhighlysupportiveofherpassionforanimals.Ononeoccasionafranticfamilysearch,involvingthepolice,revealedyoungJanecroucheddownhidinginthehenhouse,whereshehadbeenforlonghours,justsoshecouldfindouthowthechickenslaidtheireggs.Ratherthanscoldingher,hermotherkneltdownandexplainedtohermoreabouttheprocess.Manyyearslater,whenGoodallsetouttobeginherprimatestudies,stuffyEnglishofficialsobjectedtoayoungEnglishwomantravellingintothejunglesalone.Jane'smotheragreedtoactasescort,subjectingherselftomalaria,wildanimals,andcountlessnightsinatentalltosupportherdaughter'scareer.

TheothergreatinfluenceonGoodallwasanthropologistLouisLeakey.AlreadywellestablishedinthescientificcommunityforhisfamousworkatOlduvaiGorge,LeakeywasimpressedbyGoodall'sknowledgeofanimalsandofAfrica.Ontopofthis,she'dbeentosecretarialschool,makinghertheidealassistant.SheworkedashissecretaryatmuseuminKenya,andshealsoaccompaniedhimandMaryLeakeyonnumerousexcursionstohuntforfossils.Leakeywasimpressedwithhercarefulfieldwork,andhebecameconvincedthatshewastheperfectpersontotakeonaprojecthe'dlonghadinmind:

afieldstudyofchimpanzees.Naturally,Goodallwasreceptive.

Inspiteofgovernmentobjections,andthegrumblingofsomeofLeakey'scolleagues,theyoungEnglishwomanmadeherwayintothejunglesaroundLakeTanzania（thenLakeTanlganyika）,withhermotherintow.Thepairlivedinalittletentroofedwithstraw,andGoodallwaitedforthechimpanzeestobecomeaccustomedtoherpresence.SherecalledLeakey'sadvicethatifshewerecalmandmeantnoharmtotheanimalstheywouldsenseit,wouldnotharmher.Goodallfoundaprofoundpeaceinthejungle:

sittingquietlyevolvedintoaformofmeditation,andshebegantosensesomegreatpower,whosepresencewasmorenoticeabletherethaninthecitiesstuffedwithpeople.Overtime,thechimpsbecamesufficientlyusedtoherpresencethatshecouldcreepcloser,nolongerneedingbinocularstoobservethem.Withthisadvanceshebegantomakefieldobservationsthatsoonrevolutionizedthefieldofprimatology.

AmongGoodall'smoresignificantdiscoveriesweretheclose-knitsocialtiesandcomplexrelationshipswithinchimpanzeegroups,maintainedbynetworksofgroomingandfoodsharing.Shenotedthatthepowerfullovingbondsbetweenmothersandtheiroffspring,andlaterallyamongsiblings,createdmother-centeredgroupings.These,alongwithsex,foodsharingandgrooming,weretheglueofchimpanzeesociety.Goodallhasalsoobservedchimpanzeeshuntingpigsandothermoderatelysizedanimalsandwarfarebetweenrival“tribes”.Butbyfar,themoststunningdiscoveryofallwasherobservationof“tool”useamongchimpanzees.Priortoherworkithadbeenassertedthathumansweretheonlycreaturesthatusedtools.ButwhenGoodallrepeatedlyobservedchimpssearchingfor“theperfecttwig”,thenstrippingitofleaves,patientlydippingitintomoundsandwithdrawingittoconsumetermites,sheknewshewasseeingtooluse.

Goodall'sGombeStreamResearchCentreisstillactivetoday,somefortyyearsafteritsfounding,andisstillyieldingnewinformation.Ithasspawnedadditionalresearchamongotherpopulationsofwildchimpanzees,aswellasamongotherprimatesandothergreatapesaswell.MostnotablehereistheworkongorillascarriedoutbythelateDianFosseyandwithorangutansbyDr.BirutéGaldikas.Nonetheless,thestationatGombehasalsodrawnacertainamountofcriticism,afactwhichGoodallreadilyacknowledges.Forexample,itisnowunderstoodthatcreatingapermanentfeedingstation（forobservation）haschangedbothpatternsoffoodforagingamongGombechimpanzeesaswellastheirsocialrelationships.Studiescarriedoutwithotherwildchimppopulations（untaintedbyfeedingstationarrangements,etc.）haveshownthattheGombesituationhasactuallydrawnouthigherlevelsofaggressivebehaviortherethanisnormal.ThussomeobservationsatGombemayhaveskewedourunderstandingof“typical”chimpbehavior.

Since1986,whenitbecameclearthatpoachingandhabitatdestructionwereincreasingatanalarmingrate,GoodallhasspentlessandlesstimeatGombe.ShehasbecomeatirelesslecturerwithintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere,advocatingnotonlyforhabitatpreservationandtougherpoachinglaws,butalsoformorehumantreatmentofchimpanzeesincaptivity,withinboththemedicalandentertainmentsettings.TheJaneGoodallInstituteforWildlifeResearch,EducationandConservation,whichsheestablishedin1977,hasbecomeanimportantpartoftheseefforts.TheInstitutehasestablishedimpressiveprogramsinAfrica,involvinglocalpeopleincommunity-centeredconservationanddevelopment.AnotheroffshootoftheInstitute,Goodall'sRoots&Shootsprogram,workstofosterenvironmentalismandpeaceconsciousnessamongtheworld'schildren.Roots&Shootsisnowlocatedinmorethan70nations,includingtheU.S.andCanada.

Nowinher70s,Goodallstillseesmanyyearsofworkahead.Bothherauntandhermotherlivedwellintotheir90s,andsheseesnoreasonwhysheshouldn'tdothesame.Herworkthusfarhasbeenhonoredbyscientistsandheadsofstatealike.IncludedamonghermanyawardsandacknowledgesaretheNationalGeographicSociety'sHubbardMedal,Japan'sprestigiousKyotoPrize,andtheGandhi/KingAwardforNonviolence.ShewasnamedaUnitedNations“MessengerofPeace”in2002.In2003QueenElizabethIInamedheraDameoftheBritishEmpire.Goodall'smanybooksanddocumentarieshavemadehersorecognizablewithinpopularculturethatshehasappearedasherselfintheanimatedWildThornberrysfilmandhasbeenthebuttofatleastoneGaryLarsonFarSidecartoon.

Naturally,beingsuchapublicfigurepresentsitsownchallenges.Goodallstruggleswiththehandicapofprosopagnosia,aconditionthatmakesitverydifficult（sometimesimpossible）torecognizethefacesofthoseonehasalreadymet.Goodallsufferedinsilenceformanyyears,strugglingtosmoothovertheunintendedhurtfeelingsitcaused,untilshelearnedthatotherpeoplehavethesameconditionandbecamefamiliarwithitsscientificname.Heryoungersister,Judy,hastheconditionaswell.FortunatelyforGoodall,theconditiondidnotpreventherfromidentifyingthevariouschimpanzeesshestudied.Theapparentreason:

chimpanzeesdonotchangetheirhairstyles,changeoutfits,orsuddenlyappearwearingahatandsunglasses.Theirappearanceremainssteadyovertime,andthusGoodallwasabletotellonefromtheotherwithgreatereasethanshecoulddistinguishfellowhumans.

Onadifferenttrackentirely,Goodall'spublicstaturemadeherthedarlingofBigfootbelieverseverywherewhensheannouncedthatshesawnoreasonwhysuchcreaturescouldn'texist.In2003,asymposiumattheWillowCreek-ChinaFlatMuseuminnorthernCaliforniahopedtostageamajorcoupbyhavingGoodallappeartospeakdirectlyonthistopic.GoodallunfortunatelyhadtocancelherappearenceduetoconservationdevelopmentsintheCongo.Sheinsteadparticipatedinavideotapedinterviewwhichairedatthesymposium.

题目：

1.famous________（Para1）

文本：

你的答案:

famed

正确答案:

famed

得分:

3.00

题目：

pany________（Para2）

文本：

你的答案:

companion

正确答案:

companion

得分:

3.00

题目：

3.criticize________（Para3）

文本：

你的答案:

scold

正确答案:

scold

得分:

3.00

题目：

4.opposition________（Para5）

文本：

你的答案:

objection

正确答案:

objection

得分:

3.00

题目：

5.important________（Para6）

文本：

你的答案:

significant

正确答案:

significant

得分:

3.00

题目：

6.produce________（Para7）

文本：

你的答案:

yield

正确答案:

yield

得分:

3.00

题目：

7.strict________（Para8）

文本：

你的答案:

tough

正确答案:

tough

得分:

3.00

题目：

8.recognize________（Para10）

文本：

你的答案:

identify

正确答案:

identify

得分:

3.00

2.SectionB:

Fillintheblankswithwordsorphrasesfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.

题目：

1.Employeesinthiscompanycanexpecttobemoved_________todifferentdepartmentstogainexperience.

文本：

你的答案:

laterally

正确答案:

laterally

得分:

2.50

题目：

2.Eversincehedyedhishairblue,hehasbeenthe______ofseveraljokes.

文本：

你的答案:

butt

正确答案:

butt

得分:

2.50

题目：

3.Thetelevisionpicturesbroughthometousallthe______oftherefugees.

文本：

你的答案:

plight

正确答案:

plight

得分:

2.