针对我国应试教育对高中生的负面影响.docx

针对我国应试教育对高中生的负面影响.docx

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针对我国应试教育对高中生的负面影响

TheNegativeInfluenceofExam-OrientedEducationforChineseHighSchoolStudent:

BackwashfromClassroom

YuebingZang

ShinawatraUniversity

ED501PrinciplesandPhilosophyofLanguageTeachingandLearning

RobertKirkpatrick

August8

Abstract

ThereisaproblemmakestudentsandteachersareverypuzzlinginChinathatisexam-orientededucation.ThisarticlemainlyexpoundsthenegativeinfluencetoChinesehighschoolstudents.Studentsstudyeverydayonlyforonething-exam.ThisbecomesamodelforChineseeducationandstudentsbecomeamachineforstudy.Thiseducationsystemlimitstudent'simagination,creativepower,andself-awarenessforce.Meanwhile,italsoaffectedstudentspsychological.Howtodecreasethenegativeinfluenceareassociatedwithexam-orientededucationisaChinesepeoplecareabout.

TheNegativeInfluenceofExam-OrientedEducationforChineseHighSchoolStudents:

BackwashfromClassroom

Nowadays,studentswhostudyinChinesehighschoolareveryhardbecausetheyarestudyeverydayandtesteveryday.Theirlifeisthreepointsoneline:

home-school-home.Theystartclassat7:

00am（formorningreading）thentheystartfirstclassat8:

00am.Every45minuteshave10minutesbreakuntil12am.Afternoonclassesbeginat14:

30pmuntil18:

00pm.Sotheyhave8classesinoneday（notincludemorningreading）.Sometimes,highschoolstudentsmayhave3-4testsinoneday.Theyhavenoextracurricularactivitiesandtheyhavesomanyhomeworkneedtodo.Intheeducationmode,studentslostafreedevelopmentofspace,theyarelearning,andithasalsobecomeakindofpatternizingeducation.

Whatisexam-orientededucation?

Exam-orientededucationisoftenregardedasastresstopasstheexamtomarktomeasurestudent'slevel.Thisisateachingmodeforthepurposeofselectedafewpeoplefrommostpeopleandsendstheyintohighlevelschool.Themeaningof"exam-oriented"is"dealwith"educationandsociallifeinallnecessarytests.Educationwascontains"exam-oriented"component,similarly"exam-oriented"alsobeanimportantpartforeducation.Butexam-orientedabsolutelycannotbemainpartorwholebodyforeducation.Whenitbecomemalformedthatoccupymostorwholeofeducation,educationwillbeanotnormalstatus.Rightnow,exam-orientededucationcomesintobeing.（ZhiaoLi,2009）

InChina,allhighschoolstudentshaveasameobjective-gaokao;theydosomanytestsatordinarydaysonlyforgetahighscoreinthegaokao.Studentsmustmemorizevastamountsofinformationtopassmajortests,withthebiggestdeterminingfactorinwhoattendseliteuniversitiesandwhodoesnotbeingthegaokao,China'sgrueling,ultra-competitiveuniversityentranceexam.Chinesespendmuchoftheirchildhoodmemorizingandwritingcharacters.Bythetimeastudentis15heorshehasspentfourorfivehoursadayovernineyearslearningtowriteaminimumof3,000characters.MyterriblememoryinYunnan,myhometown,teachertaughtabouttestcontenteverydaytomakesurestudentsgottoknowhowtosolveproblems.Studentshavetodealwithtonsofexaminationpaperseveryday.StephenWong（2009）wroteintheAsiaTimes,"It'spossiblethatnoothercountryhasasmanyexamsasChina".Fromschooladmissionsandjobrecruitmenttopromotioninthecivilservice,examsareaninseparablepartofChineselifeincompletestatisticsshowthatare200government-organizednationwideexaminationsandthatnearly40millionpeopletakenationaltestseachyear.Thenumberwouldbemuchbiggeriflocal-leveltestswereincludedonthelist.AStanfordUniversitymathprofessorwhostudiedthemathcurriculainEastAsiatoldtheLosAngelesTimes."Thereisaverysmallbodyoffactualmathematicsthatstudentsneedtolearnbuttheneedtolearnitreally,rallywell."

ThesourceofthepressureforChinesehighschoolstudents

Exam-orientededucationvaluehighscorestudentsbutneglectmoststudentsandpoorstudents.Notsomuchvaluehighscorestudentsasvaluehighscore.Today,inChina,teachersandparentsallthinkscoresaretheonlystandardtoevaluatestudents.Highscoreswillberewardedwhilelowscoreswillbepunished.Thisviolatedtheobligationoftheeducationaim,andviolated"educationopportunitiesareequal".Exam-orientededucationaroundtestsanddemandofenterahigherschool,highschoolteachersalwaystestwhatthenteachwhat.Justteachcontentoftest,schoolandteacherignoresstudent'scultivationofabilityoutsidetest.Thereisaarticlefrom《BostonGlobe》,AmericanstudentsintheeyesoftheChineseeducation:

Allforexamination

Theirentireeducationarelikelytorememberallthethingsthatappearintheexam.（…）Chinesestudentsdoalldaysilentrecitationandwrittenexercisesalone,orinunisontodooralexercises.Theirentireeducationisalllikelytoremembereverythingintheexam（firstexam,andthentheentrance）.ItcanbeunderstandablebecauseChinesepublicschoolanduniversityadmitbyexaminationalldependonscores.Intheworld'smostpopulouscountry,thetopuniversitieswillfacecompetitionforavowedtoHarvard'sAmericanstudentsfeeltheshame

ChinesestudentslessonsstrictdegreemorethanallAmericanstudents,thissituationinthebigcitiesandthesuburbsandRichCountyespeciallyserious.ThesestudentsareunderpressurethanmostAmericanstudentsofimagination.（…）Studentslackofdiscussanddigesttheopportunitytoapplytheknowledge,digestivelesssomeoneintheextracurricularinvolvedinpoliticaldiscussions.IntheUnitedStatesaseducationisonepartofthedecision-makingandprudentthinkingabout,highschoolstudentsinChinaalmostdidn'thaveanyexperience.China'sschoolhasmanyadvantages,buttheydon'ttrainphilosopher.

Exam-orientededucationnotonlyincreasestudents'schoolworkburdenalsomakestudentsabilitycannotgetfulltraining.Studentshavenofreetime,whenweekendtheyneedgotocramschoolthenstudyagainanddomanytestagain.InChinesehighschoolclassroom,youcanseetherearemorethan10booksontheirdesk.Thesebooksnotonlytheirtextbooksalsoincludepracticingbooks.Fromhighschooltheystartwithaninvisiblepressure,istopassthecollegeentranceexamination.InChina,mostteachers,parentsandstudentsallthinkgotouniversityisonlywaytosuccess.Accordingtostatistics,70%Chinesehighschoolstudentswhoarenotpassexaminationlettheycan'tgotouniversity,mostoftheybelievehavenoprospectsinthefuture.Suchbeliefsarelikelytoaccompanytheirlifetime,thattheymindpotentialwascompletelyinhibition.Asanxietymakers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofsharpcompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberofdrop-outs:

youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhavebegunacareer?

Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?

OnMarch14,2003,abeautifulChinesegirlXiaoxudiedofcerebralhemorrhageduetoconstantoverwork,atherageof14.Shewasatypicalgoodstudent.Welearnedfromherdiariesthatshegotupat4amandwenttobedatmidnighteveryday.Shejusthadafewhoursforrest.Shealmosthadnovocations（ZhiheWang,2011）.Followingisherstudyscheduleforawinterbreak

6:

30amgetup

8:

00am-11amhomework

1:

00pm-2:

00pmpracticemath

2:

00pm-2:

30pmpre-studytheEnglishbookofnextsemester

2:

30pm-3:

00pmreadingGuidetoLiteratureClassics

3:

00pm-4:

00pmreadingreferencebooks

Reciteanancientpoem

Finishpracticingoneunitmathquestionsexercise

StudyEnglishNewThinkinginClass

StudyMath'sNewThinkinginClass

PracticeCalligraphy

SaturdayselfstudyTargetEnglish

SundaySelfstudyTargetEnglish

ComposetwopapersinEnglishperweek

ComposetwopapersinChineseperweek

Withoutadoubt,shewasextremelyoverwhelmedbythebooklearning.

Ironically,qualityeducationunderexam-orientededucationalsohasplayedanimportantroleinpushinghertodeath.RecentlyqualityeducationhasbecomeveryfashionableinChina.Byqualityeducation,mainlyfocusesontrainingstudent'stalentsonmusicandpaining.Itisalsocalled"Thesecondclassroom."Itisnothingwrongtodoeducation;thepointisthatoriginalimplicationofqualityeducationwasdistortedbytoomanytests.Inherdiary,Xiaoxu（2003）wrote

"Rightnowpeoplepraisequalityeducation,thesecondclassroom,theawards,thecertificates,however,whichoneiswithouttest?

"

OnFebruary28,2003,halfamonthbeforeshedied,Xiaoxuwrotesuchaparagraphinherdiary

"Thenewsemesterwillstarttomorrow.Imustachievethebestmarks.Mtoriginaldreamistobecomeamedicaldoctor.NowIbadlywanttobecomeaneducator.Iwillletallparentsandchildrenfeeleasy"

Asweknow,examhasbeenplayingavitalroleineducationsystem.Unfortunate,Xiaoxuisavictimofexam-orientededucation;herdeathurgesustorethinkexam-orientededucation.ThissituationisveryevidentinChinatoday,examisnotonlyjustifiedastheimportantmeanofrealizingequalitydemocracyandsocialjustice,butalsoturnsouttobetheaimofeducation.

Theresultofexam-orientededucation,mostofstudentshavebeenignored,theyproduceweariness,developmentone-sided,personalityrepressedandlackofcontinueddevelopmentofability.Thisisanotnormaleducation,theexamasthewholeeducation'scentreofgravity.Inaddition,recentlyapsychologicalsurveyshowed32%outof10thousandseleme