语言学复习题及答案.docx

语言学复习题及答案.docx

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语言学复习题及答案

I.

Choosethebestanswer.

1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsused

forhuman

A.contactB.communication

relationD.community

2.Studythefollowingdialogue.WhatfunctiondoesitaccordingtothefunctionsofIanguage?

—Aniceday,isn'tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.EmotiveB.Phatic

PerformativeD.Interpersonal

3.referstotheactualrealizationofthe

Ianguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhisIanguagein

utterances.

A.PerformaneeB.Competenee

LangueD.Parole

4.dealswithIanguageapplicationto

fields,particularlyeducation.

A.Linguistictheory

C.

play

C.

ideal

C.

other

B.

Practicallinguistics

D.

C.Appliedlinguistics

Comparativelinguistics

5.answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfants

itspatternsareimposedonsentences.

B.

（//）.

A.allophone

8.

Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandan

unreleasedpareofthepphoneme.

morphemesD.allophones

sometimesreferredtoas

uvula

narrow

11.

D.centering

Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled

productionofspeechsounds?

D.

Articulatoryphonetics

C.Auditoryphonetics

Noneoftheabove

B.

accordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]

14.

Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothers

accordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

]B.

[u]C.[e]D.

[i]

15.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.

GlottalstopD.Consonant

16.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassified

as.

A.lexicalwordsB.grammatical

words

C.functionwordsD.formwords

17.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,

genderandcasearecalledmorpheme.

A.inflectionalB.

freeC.boundD.derivational

18.Therearemorphemesintheword

denationalization.

A.threeB.

fourC.fiveD.six

19.

InEnglish—iseand—tionarecalled

20.

Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:

prefix,

suffixand

infixes

D.stems

A.derivationalaffix

B.inflectional

formedfromalreadyexistingwordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

B.

A.affixation

addition

22.

ThewordTBisformedinthewayof

B.

A.acronymy

23.

Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformed

by

24.

D.acronymy

back-formation

Thestemofdisagreementsis

A.agreement

B.agree

C.

25.

Allofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor

A.lexeme

B.phoneme

C.

morpheme

D.allomorph

26.Thesentencestructureis

A.

linear

hierarchical

complex

bothlinearandhierarchical

only

B.only

C.

D.

27.

Thesyntactic

rulesofanyIanguageare

innumber.

finite

A.large

B.small

D.infinite

C.

28.The

rules

aretherulesthatgroupwordsand

phrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.

A.lexical

B.morphologicalC.

linguistic

D.combinational

29.

Asentenceisconsideredwhenitdoesnotconform

tothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.

A.right

B.wrong

C.

grammatical

30.

D.ungrammaticalintheembeddedclausereferstothe

introductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.

social

words

sentences

A.howwordsandphrasesformsentences.

D.alloftheabove.

D.functional

city

34.

D.thecityRome

Thephrase“ontheshelf”belongsto

construction.

A.endocentric

B.exocentric

C.

35.Thesentence“Theywerewantedtoremainquietandnot

toexposethemselves.”isasentence.

A.simpleB.coordinateC.

compoundD.complex

36.Thenamingtheoryisadvaneedby.

A.PlatoB.BloomfieldC.

B.

D.Firth

GeoffreyLeech

bike.”

with

C.

entails

D.presupposes

features.

Componentialanalysis

Grammaticalanalysis

39.

“Alive”and“dead”areantonyms

B.relationalantonyms

C.

complementary

antonyms

D.Noneof

theabove

40.dealswiththerelationshipbetweenthe

linguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.

SemanticsD.Sense

41.referstothephenomenonthatwords

havingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform.

A.PolysemyB.SynonymyC.

HomonymyD.Hyponymy

42.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalled

A.homonymsB.polysemiesC.

hyponymsD.synonyms

43.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsand

pragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningis

considered.

A.referenee

B.speechactC.

practicalusage

D.context

44.Asentenceis

aconcept,andthemeaningof

asentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.

mentalD.conceptual

45.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutter

inthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa（n）.

A.constativeB.directiveC.

utteraneeD.expressive

46.Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil

A.inthelate

50'softhe20thecentury

B.

intheearly1950'

s

C.

inthe

late

1960's

D.

intheearly21stcentury

47.istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequeneeof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutteranee.

A.

locutionary

act

B.Anillocutionaryact

C.AperlocutionaryactD.Aperformativeact

48.isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternal

structureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

49.A.SyntaxB.Gramma

rC.MorphologyD.Morpheme

50.areoftenthoughttobethesmallestmeaningfu

lunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.

A.WordsB.MorphemesC.Phoneme

sD.Sentences

51.“-s”intheword“books”is.

52.A.aderivativeaffixB.aste

mC.aninflectionalaffixD.a

root

53.Boundmorphemesareclassifiedintotwotypes:

___affix

and__boundroot_

54.Thetheoryofconditionexplainsthefactthat

nounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.

55.referstothephenomenonthatwordshaving

differentmeaningshavethesameform.

D.semantic

A.grammaticalrulesrestrictions

C.semanticrules

features

57.

WhatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningismentalD.conceptual

59.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutter

inthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa（n）.

A.constativeB.directiveC.utteranceD.expressive

60.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

65.Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil

A.inthelate

50'softhe20thecentury

B.

intheearly1950'

s

C.

inthe

late

1960's

D.

intheearly21stcentury

66.istheactperformedbyorresultingfrom

sayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

A.Alocutionary

act

B.Anillocutionaryact

C.

perlocutionary

act

D.A

performativeact

67.

AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointofthe

representativeis

A.togetthehearertodosomething

B.tocommitthespeakertosomething

sbeingthecase

C.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction

D.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs

68.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer.

A.intheirillocutionaryactsB.intheirintentionsexpressed

C.intheirstrengthorforceD.intheireffectbroughtabout

69.isadvancedbyPaulGrice

A.

Cooperative

Principle

B.

PolitenessPrinciple

C.TheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammar

D.

AdjacencyPrinciple

70.

Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple

isflouted,mightarise.

A.impolitenessB.contradictions

C.mutualunderstandingD.conversationalimplicatures

71.Thepersonwhoisoftendescribedas“fatherofmodern

I■■■■戈，・

linguistics”is..

A.FirthB.SaussureC.HallidayD.Chomsky

72.ThemostimportantcontributionofthePragueSchooltolinguisticsisthatitseeslanguageintermsof.

A.functionB.meaningC.signsD.system

73.TheprincipalrepresentativeofAmericandescriptivelinguisticsis.

A.BoasB.SapirC.BloomfieldD.Harris

74.Generallyspeaking,thespecifieswhethera

certaintagmemeisinthepositionoftheNucleusoroftheMargininthestructure.

D.

Role

Cohesion

75.Grammaristhemostwidespreadandthebest

understoodmethodofdiscussingIndo-Europeanlanguages.

A.TraditionalB.StructuralC.

FunctionalD.Generative

76.GrammarstartedfromtheAmericanlinguist

SydneyM.Lambinthelate1950sandtheearly1960s.

A.StratificationalB.CaseC.

RelationalD.Montague

77.InHalliday'sview,thefunctionisthe

functionthatthechildusestoknowabouthissurroundings.

A.personalB.heuristicC.imaginativeD.informative

78.

Therhemeinthesentence“OnitstoodJane”is

stood

D.Jane

psychology.

80.

TGgrammarhasseen

stagesofdevelopment.

A.three

B.

four

C.

five

D.six

II.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.

1.linguistics

petence

Competence:

Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker'sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.

3.Synchroniclinguistics

Synchroniclinguistics:

Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchronic

linguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.

4.Soundassimilation