六级语法.docx

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六级语法.docx

六级语法

大学英语六级语法

主讲老师:

田静

导学部分

误区:

●四六级不考语法

●语法=单选题

语法?

●语言的规矩和法则

●连词成句

语言语法句子

四六级语法学什么?

句子

句子的结构

一个句子多个句子的连接

(一件事)(多件事)

简单句并列句/复合句

第一章:

简单句的核心

第一部分:

简单句

第二章:

简单句的补充

第二部分:

并列句

基础语法

四六级语法第三部分:

复合句

强调

第四部分:

特殊用途的句子倒装

虚拟

真题应用长难句分析(全真题讲解)

第一部分:

简单句

第一章:

简单句的核心

一、简单句的核心构成

简单句一个句子(一件事)

世界是物质的,物质是运动的

n.+v.

主语+谓语

11

n.+谓语v.

一主一谓,谓语动词的不同决定简单句的不同构成。

例子:

Iswim.

IlikeEnglish.

区分vt./vi.

1)意思

2)介词(prep.)

●IlikeEnglish.

●Thebridekissedthegroom.

●Birdsflyinthesky.

●Wewalkedonthestreetyesterday.

●Youlookatme.

介宾结构

●Theyofferedmeavacantpost.

●Theyofferedavacantposttome.

Iboughtyouapresent.

Iboughtapresentforyou.

IfindHongKong?

?

?

IfindHongKongverybeautiful.

IfindHongKongaplaceforshopping.

●我非常高兴。

●Iveryhappy.?

?

?

Iamveryhappy.

主系表

系动词

1.be动词(单独)

2.“变得”getbecometurngogrow

3.感官动词looksoundsmelltastefeel

“看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来……”

4.keepremain/seemappear

1.Iaskyouaquestion.主谓双宾

2.Youanswer.主谓

3.Iloveyou.主谓宾

4.Youmakemylifecomplete.主谓宾补

5.Iamhappy.主系表

主语+谓语+?

二、简单句的核心变化

(一)谓语动词的变化:

1.时态:

一般过去时

形式:

V.过去式(did/was/were)

用法:

过去的事、过去的动作(无关现在)

例子:

Hewasastudent.

Helikedmusic.

Shehadaboyfriend.

变否定或疑问:

Hewashappy.

HelikedEnglish.

Hewasnothappy.

HedidnotlikeEnglish.

Washehappy?

DidhelikeEnglish?

Howwashe?

Whatdidhelike?

补充:

V.过去式V.过去分词

looklookedlooked

buyboughtbought

seesawseen

eatateeaten

 

V.过去式V.过去分词

一般过去时完成时

被动语态

不作谓语

一般现在时

形式:

V.原形/V.第三人称单数(do/does)

YoulikeEnglish.

HelikesEnglish.

用法:

1.现在经常性习惯性的动作

WehavetheEnglishclasseveryday.

Heoftengetsuplate.

2.现在的状态

Iamateacher.

WeareinChina.

3.永恒

Theearthisround.

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.

Knowledgeispower.

Practicemakesperfect.

变否定或疑问:

Heishappy.

YoulikeEnglish.

HelikesEnglish.

Heisnothappy.

YoudonotlikeEnglish.

HedoesnotlikeEnglish.

Ishehappy?

DoyoulikeEnglish?

DoeshelikeEnglish?

Howishe?

Whatdoyoulike?

Whatdoeshelike?

补充:

与频率连用(every,onceaweek,twiceamonth,threetimesa…)

always

usually,often,frequently

sometimes,hardly

never

一般将来时

形式:

will/am/is/aregoingto+V原形

用法:

将来的事(现成的将来)

Iwillmakeanewplantomorrow.

Wearegoingtostudyabroadnextyear.

变否定或疑问:

Hewillleave.

Heisgoingtoleave.

Hewillnotleave.

Heisnotgoingtoleave.

Willheleave

Ishegoingtoleave?

Whatwillhedo?

Whatishegoingtodo?

过去将来时

形式:

would/was/were/aregoingto+V原形

用法:

将来的事(过去的将来)

IsaidthatIwouldbecomeacookinthefuture.

Tonyfinishedhiswork,andthenhewouldleaveforLondon.

3种进行时

At10o’clockyesterdaysomestudentsweretakinganexamintheirclassrooms.

Wearetakingaboutthewaterpollution.

Agreatmanycandidateswillbemeetinghereatthistimetomorrow.

现在完成时

形式:

have/has+done

用法:

现在全部完成Hehasleft.

现成部分完成WehavestudiedEnglishfortenyears.

过去完成时

形式:

had+done

用法:

过去的之前

Whenhegotthere,shehadleft.Shewasnotthere.

完成时vs.完成进行时

They_____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwearestillworkingonitasnogoodresults_____sofar.

A.havebeenworking;havecomeout

B.hadworked;cameout

C.hadbeenworking;havecomeout

D.haveworked;arecomingout

答案:

C

2.语态:

n.+v.

动词的时态

动词的语态

动词的情态

谓语动词的变化语态

被动语态

狗吃了那个蛋糕。

Thedogatethecake.

?

吃了那个蛋糕。

蛋糕被吃了。

狗吃了那个蛋糕。

主语宾语

蛋糕被狗吃了。

被动语态适用范围1:

及物动词。

2:

不及物动词+介词。

被动语态

be+done

 

被动的时间被动的动作

备注:

1.be表示被动的时间(把be变成对应的各种形态),还表达主语单复数

2.done表示被动的动作

教室每天都打扫。

Classroomsarecleaned(clean)everyday.

一座新的大楼去年建造的。

Anewbuildingwasbuilt(build)lastyear.

与时态相结合

被动语态be+done

他每天被打。

Heisbeateneveryday.

他昨天被打了。

Hewasbeatenyesterday.

他明天将要被打。

Hewillbebeatentomorrow.

他现在正在被打。

Heisbeingbeaten.(现在经行时的被动am/is/are+beingdone)

他现在已经被打了。

Hehasbeenbeaten.(现在完成时的被动have/has+beendone)

Ourmorningpaperisread(read)byover200,000peopleeveryday.

LastnightmyfavoriteTVprogramwasinterrupted(interrupt)byaspecialnewsbulletin.

Hisbikewillberepaired(repair)byhisgrandfathertomorrow.

Thenewmachinehasbeenused(use)inourfactoryfortwoweek.

与情态动词相结合

被动语态be+done

Planesareheard.

Planescanbeheard.

Planescouldbeheard.

Planesmaybeheard.

Planesmustbeheard.

这封信必须马上寄出。

Thelettermustbesentimmediately.

天气不能被人们所控制。

Weathercannotbecontrolledbypeople.

3.情态:

用法:

1)情态动词+动词原形

2)情态动词的人称变化无

3)情态动词的时态变化有限

4)情态动词变否定/疑问

四六级常用的情态动词有:

must“必须”can/could“能够,可以”will/would“愿意/将要”

may/might“可以,可能”should“应该”

1情态动词表示情态

Wemustfinishtheworkwithinaweek.

Airpollutionmustbetakenseriously.

Thegovernmentcansolvetheproblemofwaterpollution.

Tonycouldwalkwhenhewasonlyoneyearold.

Willyoumarryme?

Iwilltravelabroadwithmyfamily.

Potentialbuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.

Tosomeextent,expressionsmayinfluenceemotions.

Suchbodilyreactionmighthelpmoderatetheworkstress.

Studentsshouldworkhardtopasstheexams.

Thosesickpeopleshouldseekhelpfromdoctors.

2情态动词表示推测

The details may be unknowable.

Such searches must take years.

Thelossofpatiencecanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonourprofessionalandpersonalwellbeing.

Thepeculiarwayofsayingthosethingsmayhaveledtomisunderstanding.

Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

练习:

1)Inordertobeagoodsalesclerk,you____________(mustnot/willnot)berudetoacustomer.

2)Thispieisverygood.You____________(should/must)tryapiece.

3)Rice____________(should/must/may)havewaterinordertogrow.

4)Don’tbenervous.Ithinkyou____________(can/must)makeit.

5)Iamnotsure.Probablyhe____________(may/should)comelater.

答案:

1.mustnot2.should3.must/should4.can5.may

(二)主语/宾语/表语的变化:

1.名词/代词

Mostgraduatesalwayswantabig-firmjob.

Sheistheleaderoftheorganization.

Theygaveusagoodimpression.

2.doing/todo

Laughingprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealth.

Tolaughprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealth.

Itprobablyhasgreatinfluenceonhealthtolaugh.

Havingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.

Itisnousetotalkaboutdreamswithouttrying.

Weenjoyreadingbooksinthelibrary.

Themembersoftheboarddecidetovoteagainstthenewplan.

Ourmaingoalistofinishthetaskontime.

3.多个并列

Scienceandtechnologywilldeveloptheprocessofsociety.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,andpsychology.

Thatdoesn'tmeansittingdownanddoingnothingatall.

 

n.+v.

名词/代词动词的时态

doing动词的语态

todo动词的情态

多个并列动词的否定

第二章简单句的补充

一、限定词/形容词副词/介词短语

常用介词:

inonat/fromto/intoonto/withwithout/of/by/for/about

其他介词:

betweenamong/acrossthrough/against/likeas

二、非谓语动词

非谓语动词共3种:

doing表示______主动_______

done表示______被动_______

todo表示______目的_______

Passingplanescanbeheardnightandday.

Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.

Heboughtausedcar.

Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyfivestudents.

Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

Iamcomingtoseeyou.

练习:

1.________,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.

A.BeingawinnerB.Tobeawinner

C.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner

2.________intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.

A.TranslatingB.Translated

C.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated

3.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow________hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.

A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.tosay

4._________animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.

A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer

5.Theisland,________tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.

A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined

请以讲义为准,答案选C。

逗号之间的是一个定语从句,主语和从句之间是被动关系,故选C。

答案:

1.B2.B3.C4.C5.C

三、同位语/插入语

同位语,解释说明前面名词,与名词相同,说的是一件事。

Myteacher,Mr.Lee,iscomingtothemeeting.

插入语,插入的补充说明,与前后无关。

Myteacher,togetherwithhiscolleagues,iscomingtothemeeting.

Alltheirlives,today'syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassiontopursuescienceandsports,mathandtheateranddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.

201406CET4

Confrontedwithsuchfacts,someSwedishactivistsandlegislatorsaredemandingmoreextremeandfar-reachingmeasures,suchasreplacingmaleandfemalepronounswithaneutralalternativeandmonitoringchildrenmorecloselytocorrectthemwhentheygravitatetowardgenderedplay.

201406CET6

 

第二部分:

并列句

一、并列句的构成

多件事(多个简单句)之间同等重要,用并列连词连接起来。

四六级常用的并列连词有:

1)表示顺接:

...and...;both...and...;

notonly...,but...aswell/butalso...

2)表示转折:

but;yet;while

3)表示选择:

...or...;either...or...;neither...nor...

4)表示因果:

...for...(原因);...so...(结果)

二、并列句的省略

IamateacherandIlikeEnglish.

IamateacherandlikeEnglish.

IamlyinginbedandIamreadingabook.

Iamlyinginbedandreadingabook.

IwanttoleaveandIwanttogoabroad.

Iwanttoleaveandtogoabroad.

and(平行结构)

练习:

1)Youcan_________stayathome_________goouttoplay.Itdoesn’tmatter.

A.either,orB.neither,norC.both,andD.notonly,butalso

2)Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,_________shelikesitverymuch.

A.soB.orC.andD.but

3)_________you_________heisabletoski,butIam.

A.both,andB.either,orC.neither,norD.between,and

4)Thedoctortriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,_________failed.

A.orB.soC.butD.becaus

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