高考英语语法填空模拟训练.docx
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高考英语语法填空模拟训练
语法填空专讲专练
高考英语语法填空有提示词解题技巧
1.括号内提供的是动词
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
然后根据以下两点进行思考。
①若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。
如:
ActuallyIbelievedIwouldworkforafewyears,get________(marry),stayhomeandraiseafamily,soIdidn’tthinkthejobItookmatteredthatmuch.
这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。
该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词,在从句中作并列谓语。
IbelievedIwouldworkforafewyears...
Iwouldget________(marry)...
Iwouldstayhome...
答案 married
很清楚,getmarried在句子中与Iwould构成“主系表”结构。
getmarried强调一种已婚的状态,相当于bemarried。
如果没有get在前面,只能填入marry作谓语。
显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑,才能符合交际的需要。
②若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词;若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式。
确定的方法主要有:
作主语或宾语,通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。
如:
...butitisnotenoughonly________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.
答案 memorizing
分析这个句子的成分可知,应该是memorizing...作真正的主语,前面的it是形式主语。
作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v.-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(done)。
如:
________(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.
答案 Seen
从句中“is”可判断句中已有谓语了,表明句子不缺谓语,可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式,即非谓语动词形式;此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了:
第一,“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“thesouthfootofthemountain”;第二,“thesouthfootofthemountain”和“see”之间是被动关系;第三,动词的过去分词表示被动关系,因此应填“Seen”。
Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,________(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.
答案 causing
从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了,说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语,“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,即“大雨导致洪涝”;现在分词表示主动关系,因此应填“causing”,作结果状语。
2.括号内提供的是形容词或副词
如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是考查形容词,即要变成形容词形式。
如:
________(actual)IbelievedIwouldworkforafewyears,getmarried,stayhomeandraiseafamily,soIdidn’tthinkthejobItookmatteredthatmuch.
答案 Moreactually
该空需要填入副词actually在句子中作状语。
有的考生填入moreactually,虽然词性是对的,但是这里没有上下文比较的关系,逻辑语义不同,考生不能将语言的语法规则和语用功能有效地结合。
再如:
“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid________(rude).
答案 rudely 此处考查副词作状语的用法。
括号内提供的是形容词,要用来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。
但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。
如:
Atlast,hercourageand________(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.
答案 wisdom 括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom。
另外,通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级。
如:
Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher...
因为这里是oneofthe+名词复数的形式,表示……其中之一,因此范围是三者或三者以上,因此形容词需要用最高级的形式worst。
3.括号内提供的是名词
①括号内提供的如果是名词,尤其是单数名词,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。
②相反,如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后,则应考虑填名词。
但不要忘记,要考虑名词是否变复数,是否用所有格形式等。
如:
Oneofmyfather’sfavorite________(say)asIwasgrowingupwas“Tryit!
”
答案 sayings
这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。
考查考生是否知道“oneof+名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
本句中as引导时间状语从句,表达的功能是“时空”概念。
该从句没有直接放在主句之后,而是进行了插入,放在了主句的主语之后,进行强调。
完整的主句是:
Oneofmyfather’sfavorite________(say)was“Tryit”.从该句的主系表结构中可以看出,oneofmyfather’sfavorite________(say)在句子中作主语。
say要做两次转换:
首先要转换成为名词;再将名词转为相应的复数形式。
say的名词是saying,其复数形式是sayings。
考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确,同时还要保持单词的正确。
所以正确答案是sayings。
③当括号内提供的是名词时,还可能考查形容词。
如:
There,myvoicesoundsreally________(wonder)becausethere’saslightechotoit.
答案 wonderful 括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds的表语,所以要使用形容词形式。
有时也可能考查副词、动词等。
如:
Acertainmanplantedaroseandwateredit________(faith)andbeforeitblossomed,heexaminedit.
答案 faithfully 括号内提供的是名词,但此空在句中作状语,修饰动词watered,所以要变成副词。
注意:
先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。
Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid__1__wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.
Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths__2__(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We__3__(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek,__4__fortheweekafter.Ididn’tunderstand__5__thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged__6__thereservation.What’sworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas__7__(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon__8__topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andweweren’tchargedextra.
Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach__9__wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle__10__(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn’tmind.
高考模拟题
A
Startinganewschooltermisalwaysexciting.Itisachance__1__(see)yourfriendsagain.Butmostexcitingofall,thenewtermletsyoutakeupnewhobbies.InBritainitiscommonforstudentstotakeupnewhobbiesaftertheChristmasholidays.PromisingtolearnsomethingnewisacommonNewYear’sresolution.
Mostschoolsofferdifferentkinds__2__hobbyclasses.Students__3__(usual)takethemintheirfreeperiodsorafterschool.Someclassesyouhavetopayforbutsome__4__(be)free.Forexample,IoncetookafreeWednesdayeveninggymnasticsclass__5__isofferedbymyschool.ButwhenIlearnthowtoplaythedrum,myparentshadtopayforthelessons.
Themostpopularextraclassesatmyschoolwerepianolessonsanddramaclub.Bothclassesofferedexamsstudentscouldtake.Studentswithmanyhobbiessometimesfelt__6__stressedthanthosewithoutany.Butthestudentswithhobbiesleftschoolwithmanyextra__7__(skill).
Ihaven’tcontinuedanyofthehobbiesI__8__(begin)atschool.ButIhaveneverregrettedtaking__9__.My__10__(good)friendtodayissomeoneImetinmygymnasticsclass.
B
Imaginelifeasagameinwhichyouareplayingsomefiveballsintheair.Youname__1__(they)—work,family,health,friendsandspirit,andyou’rekeepingalltheseballsintheair.
Youunderstandthatworkisarubberball.Ifyoudropit,itwillbounceback.Buttheotherfourballsaremadeofglass.Ifyoudroponeofthem,itwillbescuffed(磨损),damagedorevenbrokeninto__2__(piece).Theywillneverbethesame.Youmustunderstandthebalanceinyourlife.How?
Don’tcompareyourselfwithothers.Itisbecausewearedifferentandeachofus__3__(be)special.Don’tsetyourgoalsbywhatotherpeopleconsiderimportant.Onlyyouknow__4__isbestforyou.Don’tgive__5__whenyoustillhavesomethingtogive.Nothingisreallyoveruntilthemomentyoustop__6__(try).Knowledgeisweightless,__7__treasureyoucanalwayscarry__8__(easy).Don’trunthroughlifesofastthatyouforgetnotonlywhereyou’vebeen,whereyouare,butalsowhereyou__9__(go).
Lifeisnotarace,butajourneyto__10__(enjoy)slowlyeachstepoftheway.Yesterdayishistory,tomorrowisamystery,andtodayisagift.That’swhywecallit—thepresent.
C
Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalso__1__(express)theirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertshope__2__wholesocietypaysmoreattentiontothementalhealthofadolescents.
Nowadays,schoolviolenceisahotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,which__3__(call)forourgreatconcern.Weshouldmakeeveryeffort__4__(prevent)schoolviolencehappeningatschool,formoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal__5__(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.Infact,violencecanbelearned.__6__(actual),childrenlearnviolencebehaviorfromadultsorfrom__7__theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.
IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillresultin__8__(much)fighting.Iwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys.
Allinall,westudentsshouldbehave__9__(we)andkeepaway__10__violence.
D
WorldBookDay__1__(fall)onApril23everyyear.ItwassetupbytheUNESCO(联合国教科文组织)in1955toencouragepeopletodiscoverthepleasureofreading.Itmeansyoureadabooknotbecauseyourteachersorparentstellyoutodoso.“__2__(read)forpleasure”playsamoreimportantroleinone’s__3__(grow)thanone’sfamilybackground.
Books,magazines,newspapersandotherkindsofmaterialscanhelpusknowmoreabouttheoutsideworldandperfectus.__4__,computergames,onlinevideosandInternetarepushingbooksofftheshelf.Someexpertsbelieveit’sa__5__(worry)trend.EachChineseread0.38morebooksin2013than2012butstillfarfewerthanthoseinmajordevelopedcountries.Evenworse,manybookstoreshave__6__(close)theirdoorsbecausemanybookloversstarttobuy__7__(few)booksthanbefore.
However,manypeopledostillpreferreadingbecauseithas__8__(be)partoftheirlife.Itcanbenefitpeopleinmanyways.Itgivesusinformationaboutothercountriesandplacesoftheworld.It__9__hasastronginfluenceonformingourpersonalityandmakesusmoreintelligent.It’s__10__toolatetostartreading.Sojumpintothewonderfulworldofbooksnow!
E
Sweetwormwood(青蒿)isacommonplantinChina,__1__ithasthepowertocurethedeadlydiseasecalledmalaria(疟疾).TuYouyou__2__(be)thewomanwhousestheplant’sspecialpowertosavemillionsoflives.TheChinesescientistwonaNobelPrizebecauseofhergreatcontribution.
OnOctober5,Tuwasawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.ShesharedtheprizewithtwootherscientistsfromtheUSandJapan.TuisthefirstnativeChineseperson__3__(receive)aNobelPrizeinnaturalsciences.
Tuwasmodestaboutreceivingtheaward:
“It’sasuccessforthewholeresearchteam.”Shealsothinks__4__isscientists’dutytofightforthehealthofallhumans.
WhenTujoinedthenationalresearchteamtofindthemedicine__5__couldfightagainstmalariainthe1960sand1970s,thingswerehard.Theteamdidn’thaveadvancedequipmentbackthen.Tuusedtotest__6__(medicine)byeatingthemherself.HerteamsearchedoldChinesemedicinebooks__7_