热点85 认识核能及其合理使用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读.docx

热点85 认识核能及其合理使用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读.docx

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热点85认识核能及其合理使用解析版中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读

备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练

热点85认识核能及其合理使用

一、阅读理解

1

Rightnow,thebiggestsourceofenergy（能源）intheworldisfossilfuel（矿物燃料）.Fossilfuelsareoil,gas,andcoal（煤）.Morethan80percentoftheworld’senergycomesfromfossilfuel.Therearemanyproblemswithfossilfuel.Oneproblemisthatwhenfossilfuelisburned,itpollutestheair.Also,whenwetakefossilfuelfromtheEarth,weoftencausealotofharm.Anotherproblemisthatwe’rerunningoutofit.

Abigsourceofenergyformanycountriesisnuclearpower（核能）.Thirty-onecountriesusenuclearpower.Alotofshipsalsouseit.

Nuclearpowerhassomeadvantages（优点）.Firstofall,wecan’trunoutofnuclearpower.Nuclearpowerdoesnotmaketheairdirty.Also,ifacountryhasnuclearpower,itdoesn’tneedtobuyasmuchoilfromothercountries.

However,therearealsoalotofproblemsthatcomewithnuclearpower.Forexample,nuclearaccidentsareveryserious.In1986,therewasanuclearaccidentinRussia.Inthenext20years,about4,000peoplegotsickanddied.In2011therewasanotherveryseriousnuclearaccidentinJapan.Thatwasseveralyearsago,butJapanisstilltryingtocleanupthenuclearwastefromtheaccident.

Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.Theysaythatit’snotsafe.AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStates,Russia,France,Japan,India,andmanyothercountrieswanttheircountriestousesaferandcleanerwaystogetelectricity（电力）.Sometimestheygettogethertoshowtheirstrongdisagreementwithnuclearenergy.

Manypeoplehatenuclearenergy,butmoreandmorecountriesareusingit.Onereasonforthisisthattheworldisusingmoreandmoreenergy.Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.

1.Inthesecondsentenceofthefifthparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”mean?

A.Thecountry.B.Nuclearpower.C.Aperson.D.Theelectricity.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Nuclearpowerisakindoffossilfuels.

B.Therewerenonuclearaccidentsin1986.

C.Nuclearpoweriseasyenoughtomake.D.Peoplemayrunoutoffossilfueloneday.

3.Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”

A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph3C.Paragraph4D.Paragraph5

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ASafeSourceofEnergy?

B.TheBestEnergySourceintheWorld!

C.EveryoneLovesNuclearPower.

D.WeShouldOnlyUseFossilFuels.

【答案】BDAA

【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了核能作为许多国家的第一能源是否安全的问题。

1.词意猜测题。

根据第五段“Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.”可知，许多人不想在他们国家使用核能；由此推知，核能是不安全的。

故it指nuclearpower“核能”。

故选B。

2.推理判断题。

根据最后一段“Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.”可知，我们只是没有足够的矿物燃料。

然而，如果我们使用核能，那么在未来，或许我们会有更严重的问题。

由此推知，D项“有一天人们会用尽矿物燃料”符合语境。

故选D。

3.推理判断题。

“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”表示“那就是我们需要新能源的原因”。

根据第一段谈到矿物燃料快用光了；第二段谈到一种新的能源；由此推知，该句应用作第一段的结尾句，引出下文。

故选A。

4.最佳标题题。

根据最后两段可知，许多人认为核能是不安全的，但越来越多的国家在使用它，那么它到底是否安全，本文就此展开了讨论。

故选A。

2

Nuclear（核）power'sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:

radiation（辐射）.

Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan'tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector（探测器）.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.

Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（块；团）ofcells（细胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledcompletely,yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌症）.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.

Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictim（牺牲者）beingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.

Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.

5.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysterybecause____________.

A.peoplecan'tfeelitB.peopleknownothingaboutit

C.nuclearradiationisn'tharmfultopeopleD.peoplehaven'tanydetectors

6.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.Wecan'tdetectradioactivityevenwithmodernequipment.

B.Onlyradiationatveryhighlevelscankillananimalorhumanbeing.

C.Ifafewcellsareonlydamaged，healthycellswilltaketheplaceofdeadones.

D.Radiationisharmfulnomatterwhatlevelitis.

7.Theword"significant"inparagraph3hasthesimilarmeaningwith____________.

A.importantB.meaningfulC.harmfulD.obvious

8.Radiationcanhurtusinthatitcan__________.

A.affectthehealthygrowthofouroffspring（后代）

B.damagecellswhichgrowintocanceryearslater

C.killlargenumberofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediately

D.alloftheabove9.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Emphasizingtheimportanceofprotectionofradiation.

B.Solvingthemysteryaboutradiation.

C.Discussingthecauseofcancer.

D.Introducingthenuclearpower.

10.Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe________.

A.NuclearradiationinourlifeB.Illnessinourlife

C.HowtofindNuclearradiationD.Seriousdamageinourlife

【答案】ADADAA

【解析】这篇短文给我们讲述了核辐射的危害。

核辐射非常的神秘，因为它看不见、听不见、摸不着、尝不到，但是即使最低水平的辐射也会造成严重的伤害。

5.细节理解题。

根据短文第二段Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.可知，核辐射很神秘，部分原因是它不能被人感觉到。

故选A。

6.细节理解题。

根据短文第二段Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector可知A不对,在现代仪器的帮助下，可以探测到射线；B选项错在Only“仅仅，只有”，任何量的辐射都是有害的；根据第三段Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.可知C不对，如果仅有部分细胞被伤害，如果它们自己替换，你回遇到麻烦。

根据短文第三段Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.可知，即使最低水平的辐射也能造成严重的伤害，没有任何水平的辐射是完全安全的。

故选D。

7.词义猜测题。

important重要的；meaningful有意义的；harmful有害的；obvious明显的。

根据单词所在的语境Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.“如果辐射没有击中任何重要的东西，损害可能并不……”，significant应表示“严重的”，与important意思接近。

故选A。

8.细节理解题。

根据短文第三段以及第四段的内容Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（块；团）ofcells（细胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.…Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌症）.….Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.可知，A、B和C三项都是核辐射对我们的危害。

故选D。

9.推理判断题。

根据文意可知，短文中作者介绍了核辐射对我们的危害，在短文的最后Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth作者提到“核辐射会伤害我们，我们必须知道真相”。

由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是让我们要注意防护核辐射。

故选A。

10.主旨大意题。

根据文章中Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.、Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe、Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth可知，短文主要介绍了核辐射对我们的危害。

B和D两个选项与核辐射这一关键词无关；C选项不是文章的主要内容。

故选A。

3

AftershakingtheeastcoastofHonshu,JapanonMarch11,theearthquakehascausedmorethan10,000deathsand17,000peoplemissing.IndowntownofTokyo,buildingsshookandfrightenedcitizenblockedoutallthestreetsandroads.Thetsunami（飓风）afterwards,whichcausedmoredeathsandinjury,madeJapanesepeopleunabletocheerup.“Nowthatourneighborsareintrouble,”theForeignMinistryspokesmansaid,“weareinourturntogiveahand.Ourrescueteamhasalreadygotthereintimetohelp.”TheterribleearthquakealsocausedabigfirebreakingoutattheFukushimanuclearpowerplant（福岛核电站）,leadingtoaradiationleaking（泄漏）.

50nuclearworkers,facingradiationandfire,becametheonlypeopleremainingattheFukushimanuclearpowerplantonTuesday—andperhapsJapan’slastchanceofpreventingabroadernucleardanger.Theyhavevolunteeredtoputseawaterondangerousnuclearfuel（核燃料）tocoolitdown,topreventthousandsoftonsofradioactivedusthighintotheair.Somescientistssuggestthattheleakingisharmfultohumanbeingandmayinfluencehumanbodythroughrainorsnowfromtheskyinthefuture.

11.TheearthquakeinJapanhascausedover______peoplemissing.

A.10,000B.17,000C.27,000

12.Fromthepassage,weknowthat______ledtoaradiationleaking.A.theearthquakeB.thetsunamiC.therain

13.______thenuclearfuelcanpreventradioactivedusthighintotheair.

A.ThrowingawayB.BurningoutC.Coolingdown

14.SomescientistssuggestJapanesepeoplewatchoutfor_______.

A.thefireB.theweatherC.theseawater

15.Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.

A.Japanisthemostdangerouscountryintheworld

B.abigfire