四川省眉山市高考英语 阅读理解完形填空专题训练7.docx

四川省眉山市高考英语 阅读理解完形填空专题训练7.docx

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四川省眉山市高考英语阅读理解完形填空专题训练7

四川省眉山市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空专题训练（7）附答案

阅读理解

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9分钟

HowMuchtoTip

（2012·安徽师大附中摸底）You’reouttodinner.Thefoodisdeliciousandtheserviceisfine.Youdecidetoleaveabigfattip.Why?

Theanswermaynotbeassimpleasyouthink.

Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwords,tohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothebill’stotal.Evenhowmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselvescandeterminehowmuchchangetheypocketbytheendofthenight.

“Studiesbeforehaveshownthatmimicry（模仿）bringsintopositivefeelingsforthemimicker，”wroteRickvanBaaren,asocialpsychologyprofessor.“Thesestudiesshowthatpeoplewhoarebeingmimickedbecomemoregeneroustowardthepersonwhomimicsthem.”

SoRickvanBaarendivided59waitersintotwogroups.Herequestedthathalfservewithaphrasesuchas,“Comingup！

”Thoseintheotherhalfwereinstructedtorepeattheordersandpreferencesbacktothecustomers.RickvanBaarenthencomparedtheirtakehome.Theresultswereclear－itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat（模仿者）waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.

LeonardGreenandJoelMyerson,psychologistsatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,foundthegenerosityofatippermaybelimitedbyhisbill.Afterresearchonthe1,000tipsleftforwaiters,cabdrivers,hairstylists,theyfoundtippercentagesinthesethreeareasdroppedascustomers’billswentup.Infact,tippercentagesappeartoplateau（达到稳定水平）whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$100.

“That’salsoapointoftipping，”Greensays.“Youhavetogivealittleextratothecabdriverforbeingtheretopickyouupandsomethingtothewaiterforbeingtheretoserveyou.Iftheyweren’tthere,you’dnevergetanyservice.Sopartoftheideaofatipisforjustbeingthere.”

1．Apartfromservice,howmanyotherfactorsaffectingthecustomers’tippingarementionedinthepassage?

A．1.B．2.

C．3.D．4.

解析：

选D。

考查细节理解。

根据第二段Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwords,tohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothebill’stotal...可知选D。

2．Thesestudiesshowthat________.

A．tippingcanbeaffectedbyphysicalreactionstomanydifferentwaiter’sfactors

B．peoplewhoarebeingmimickedusuallytiplesstothepersonwhomimicsthem

C．themimicwaiterscangetalmosttwiceasmuchmoneyastheothergroup

D．mimicrymakesthemimickerfeelbad

解析：

选C。

考查推理判断。

根据第四段Theresultswereclear－itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat（模仿者）waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.可推知C正确。

3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwillbelikelytoshowtherightchangeofthetippercentages?

解析：

选C。

考查推理判断。

根据第五段Infact,tippercentagesappeartoplateau（达到稳定水平）whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$100.可推知C正确。

4．Weknowfromthepassagethatthewriterseemsto________.

A．objecttoMr.Green’sideaabouttipping

B．thinkpartofMr.Green’sexplanationisreasonable

C．givehisgeneroustiptowaitersveryoften

D．supporttheopinionsofMr.GreenandRickvanBaarenabouttipping

解析：

选D。

考查推理判断。

作者引用他们的调查结果来证明自己的观点。

所以作者持赞成态度。

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LeviStrauss,whowasbornin1830andwenttotheUSAattheageof17,satinthesaloonanddrankhisbeerslowly.Hebegantothink.Businesswasnotgood.Nobodywantedtobuyanything.Hethoughtaboutthecanvasandthepotsandpansonthewagon.ThenherememberedtheholeinHank’strousers.Suddenly,hehadanidea—“pants”,hejumpedupandshouted,“Everyoneneedspants.”Hehurriedtoatailorandgavehimallhiscanvas.

“Iwantyoutomakepantswiththiscanvas,”hesaid.“Canyoudothat?

”

“Yes,ofcourse,”saidthetailor,“Whatnameisit?

”

“Strauss,LeviStrauss.”

Itwasthebeginningofjeans.Nowmorethanahundredyearslater,peoplewearjeansallovertheworldandeveryoneknowsthenameofLeviStrauss.Inthe1860s,farmers,rail-roadworkers,cowboysandminershelpedtodevelopthenewland.Lifewashard.Theyworkedforlonghoursinallkindsofweather.TheyworetrousersmadebyLeviStrauss.TheywerethefirstpeopletowearjeansinAmerica.

JeansfirstcametoEuropewiththeAmericansoldiersduringWorldWarII.Soon,workersinEuropewerewearingthem.Workerslikedthem:

theywerecheap,hardwearingandpractical.Theywerenotpopularwithyoungpeoplegenerallyuntilthelate1950sandearly1960s.

Itcamesuddenly.ItstartedinAmericaanditcrossedtheAtlanticquickly.Itwasanewkindofmusic,anewkindofdance.Rock’nRoll.ThekingofRock’nRollwasElvisPresley.Teenagerslovedhim.AthomeheworeaTshirt,anoldleatherjacketandbluejeans,somoreandmoreteenagersbegantowearjeans.Theylikedthemtight.

57.AllthefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept______.

A.JeanscouldfirstbeseeninEuropeduringtheSecondWorldWar

B.JeanswerenotpopularwithallAmericansuntilthelate1950sandearly1960s

C.Manypeopleallovertheworldshowinterestinjeansatthepresenttime

D.Farmers,railroadworkers,cowboysandminerswerethefirstpeopletowearjeansinAmerica

58.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderinjeans’spreading?

a.Moreandmoreteenagersbegantowearjeans.

b.Morethanahundredyearslaterpeoplewearjeansallovertheworld.

c.Farmers,railroadworkers,cowboysandminersstartedtowearjeans.

d.Soon,workersinEuropewerewearingjeans.

e.Notuntilthelate1950sandearly1960swerejeanspopularwithyoungpeople.

f.LeviStrausshadjeansmadeat17.

A.f,c,d,b,e,aB.c,d,f,e,a,bC.a,c,d,e,b,fD.f,c,d,e,a,b

59.Jeansbecamepopularamongtheteenagersbecause_____.

A.theywerecheap,hardwearingandpractical

B.theylikedthemtight

C.theiridollikedwearingthem

D.theycameoutlikeanewkindofmusicordance

60.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanbe_____.

A.LeviStrauss,FirstMantoInventJeansB.TheBestTrousers—Jeans

C.HowJeansComesOutAndSpreadsD.ReasonsforJeans’Spreading

参考答案57-60BDCC

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A

DiorwasborninNormandyin1905,andhisfamily'soriginalplansforhimincludedacareerinthediplomaticservice,butbythetimehewastwenty-three,withhisparents'money,heopenedasmallartgalleryinParis.By1931,themoneyhadbeenusedup.Dior'sfriendsintheartgallery,askedhimtodrawandhetookhisfirststepatdesigninganddrawing.HisfirstjobwaswithLucienLelongfromwhomDiorlearnedhiscraft（手艺）.

InFebruary,1947,DiorstartedtheNewLookinhisfirstmajorPariscollection.Hewasbackedbyafamoustextileproducer,Boussac,wholookedafterthedollars,whileDiorlookedafterthefashions.Diorknewnothingaboutcuttingandsewing,buthewasgoodatfashiondesign.

TheNewLookstartedanentirelydifferentlooktocostume,withatinywaist,aroundedshoulderandashapelybust（胸围）,usuallywithalow-cutnecklineandalongfullskirt.Towomenwhohadlivedthroughthewaryears,thefemalenessoftheNewLookwasagreatsuccess,forpeopleweretiredofextremelyplain,wartimerestrictivefashions.

ItissaidthatdressesbyDiorwere"constructedlikebuildings",butyoungpeoplewereattractedtohisdesign,andalloverthewesternworld,manufacturersplunged（投入）intotheproductionofhisnewstyle.Dior'srevolutionarydesignslightedupawholecycleoffashion,rounded,gentle,feminine,adelightinelegance.ANewLookHouseofDioropenedin1948，followedbyoneinLondon.ConsideredasKingofCouture（women'sclothing）foryears,theDiorempiregrewuntilitcoveredeverycountryinthewesternworld,andincludedfurs,hosiery,jewelry,perfumes,men'swearandonandon.Morethan1,000peopleworkedattheParisheadquartersthen.

Hissuddendeathin1957whenhewas53yearsolddidnotstopthegrowthoftheHouseofDior.Evennow,somanyyearsafterhisdeath,hisnameiscloselyconnectedwithfashionthroughouttheworld,andindeedisoneofthemostrecognizednamesintheworld.Hisfirst,greatNewLook,withitslongskirtswasanexpressionoffreedominthelate1940s.

41.WhichofthefollowingdesignsisclosetoDior's?

42.Accordingtothepassage,inDior'slife,hedidNOT______.

A.makecreativefashiondesignsB.workinadiplomaticservice

C.learncraftashisfirstjobD.openaNewLookHouse

43.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______

A.Diorandhissupporterhaddifferentinterestsinbusiness

B.Dior'sNewLookhadlittleinfluenceonpeoplethen

C.Diorisonlyabrandofwomen'sfashioninthewesternworld

D.Dior'sfashionwasnotacceptedatfirstbutatlastwassuccessful

44.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheHistoryoftheNewLook

B.TheGrowthoftheDiorEmpire

C.AnExpressionofFreedom一Dior

D.TheFounderoftheNewLook—Dior

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A

Whydopeopledrinktoomuch,eattoomuch,smokecigarettesortakedrugs?

What’stoblameforallthebadbehavior?

Mostpeoplewouldsaythat,whiletheseself-destructive（自我毁灭的）actscanhavemanyrootcauses,theyallhaveoneobviousthingincommon:

theyareallexamplesoffailuresofself-control,lackingthewillpowertoresistthem.

Accordingtoarecentstudy,however,ifyou