《英语国家概况》英国王朝及名词.docx

《英语国家概况》英国王朝及名词.docx

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《英语国家概况》英国王朝及名词

《英语国家概况》——英国王朝及名词

诺曼王朝HouseofNorman

•威廉一世KingWilliamItheConqueror"征服王"

•威廉二世KingWilliamIIRufus"红毛王"

•亨利一世KingHenryIWell-Educated,Beauclerc"儒雅王"

•斯蒂芬（KingStephen）（布洛瓦王朝）

安茹王朝HouseofAnjor

•亨利二世KingHenryIICurtmantle"短斗篷王"

•理查一世KingRichardICoeurdeLion"狮心王"

•约翰KingJohnLackland"无地王"

金雀花王朝HouseofPlantagenet

•亨利三世KingHenryIII）

•爱德华一世KingEdwardILongShank）"长脚王"

•爱德华二世KingEdwardII

•爱德华三世KingEdwardIII

•理查二世KingRichardII

兰开斯特王朝HouseofLancaster

•亨利四世KingHenryIV

•亨利五世KingHenryV

•亨利六世KingHenryVI

约克王朝HouseofYork

•爱德华四世KingEdwardIV

•爱德华五世KingEdwardV

•理查三世KingRichardIII

都铎王朝HouseofTudor

•亨利七世KingHenryVII

•亨利八世KingHenryVIII

•爱德华六世KingEdwardVI

•简•格雷LadyJaneGrey

•玛丽一世QueenMaryItheBloody"血腥玛丽"

•伊丽莎白一世QueenElizabethI

斯图亚特王朝HouseofStewart

•詹姆斯一世KingJamesI

•查理一世KingCharlesI

共和政府

•奥利弗•克伦威尔

•理查•克伦威尔

斯图亚特王朝复辟HouseofStewart

•詹姆斯二世KingJamesII

•查理二世KingChalesII

•威廉三世和玛丽二世KingWilliamIIIandQueenMaryII）

•安妮女王QueenAnn

汉诺威王朝HouseofHannover

•乔治一世KingGeorgeI

•乔治二世KingGeorgeII

•乔治三世KingGeorgeIII

•乔治四世KingGeorgeIV

•威廉四世KingWilliamIV

•维多利亚女王QueenVictoria

萨克森—科堡-哥达王朝HouseofSachsen-Coburg-Gotha

•爱德华七世KingEdwardVII

•乔治五世KingGeorgeV

温莎王朝TheHouseofWindsor

•乔治五世KingGeorgeV

•爱德华八世KingEdwardVIII

•乔治六世KingGeorgeVI

•伊丽莎白二世QueenElizabethII

AmerigoVespucci----AmerigoVespucci,anavigator,provedthatthelandwasnotIndia,butanewcontinent.Therefore,thelandwasnamedAmericaafter.

ThePuritans----ThePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritansleaderssawtheNewworldasthearefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave.

TheBillofRights----In1789,JamesMadisonintroducedintheHouseofRepresentativesaseriesofamendmentswhichlaterweredraftedintotwelveproposedamendmentsandsenttothestatesforratification.Tenofthemwereratifiedin1791andthefirsttenamendmentstotheconstitutionwerecalledtheBillsofRightsbecausetheyweretoinsureindividualliberties.

TheEmancipationProclamation----AftertheCivilwarbegan,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationtowinmoresupportathomeandabroad.ItgrantedfreedomtoallslavesinareasstillcontrolledbytheConfederacy.

PilgrimsThanksgivingDay----ThePilgrimsin1620,201ofthemsailedtotheNewWorldinashipcalledMayflower.Thefirstwinteraftertheirarrivalwasverycoldandwhenspringcame,halfofthemweredead.ThentheIndianscametotheirhelpandtaughtthemhowtogrowcorn.Theyhadagoodharvestthatyear.SotheyinvitedtheIndiansandheldthefirstThanksgivingcelebrationinAmericatogivethankstoGod.

TheChunnel----In1985theBritishgovernmentandFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnel,whichiscalled“Chunnel”,undertheStraitsofDoversothatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.TheChunnelwasopentotrafficinMay1994.

Eisteddfod----EisteddfodistheWelshwordfor“sitting”NationalEidteddfodisthemostfamousfestivalofmusicandverseinWales.IttakesplaceeachAugustandlastsforaboutaweek.ThehighlightofthefestivaliscompetitionforthebestepicpoemaboutWaleswrittenandreadinWelsh.ThewinneriscrownedBoard,consideredthesupremehonourinWales.InthiswaytheWelshpeoplekeeptheWelshlanguageandculturealive.

Cockney----AcockneyisaLondonerwhoisbornwithinthesoundofBowBells-theBellsofthechurchofSt.Mary-LeBowineastLondon.

Stonehenge----ItisagroupofhugemonumentsofgrantrockSlabsonsalisburyplaininSouthwestEnglandbuiltaslongagoastheNewStoneAge.Itisgenerallybelievedthatstonehengeservedsomesortofreligiouspurposes.

TheCelts----TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGales,thesecondwaveweretheBrythonsandtheBelgaecameabout150BC.TheCeltswerepractisedfarmers.TheCeltictribesareancestorsoftheHighlandScots,theIrishandtheWelsh,AndtheirlanguagesarethebasisofbothWelshandGaelic.TheyreligionwasDruidism.

NormanConquest----TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheconquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.

AlfredtheGreat----HewaskingofWessex,oneofthesevenAnglo-SaxonKingdoms.ItwashewholedtheAnglo-SaxontoflightagainsttheinvadingDanesandmaintainedpeaceforalongtime.Alfredwasnotonlyabravekingatwartime,butalsoawisekingatpeacetime.Heencouragededucationandintroducedalegalsystem.Heisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.

St.Augustine----In597,PopeGregoryIsentSt.Augustine,thePriorofSt.Andrew’sMonasteryinRome,toEnglandtoconverttheheathenEnglishtoChristianity.Thatyear,St.AugustinebecamethefirstArchbishopofCanterbury.Augustinewasremarkablysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility,buttheconversionofthecommonpeoplewaslargelyduetothemissionaryactivitiesofthemonksinthenorth.

DomesdayBook----ItisabookcompiledbyagroupofclerksunderthesponsorshipofKingWilliamtheFirstin1086.Thebookwasinfactapropertyrecord.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEngland.Itrecordedtheextent,value,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItwasoneoftheimportantmeasuresadoptedbyWilliamItoestablishthefullfeudalsysteminEngland.Today,itiskeptinthePublicRecordsOfficeinLondon.

GeoffreyChaucer----HewasanimportantEnglishpoetinthefourteenthcentury.HisbestknownisTheCanterburyTales,whichdescribesagroupofpilgrimstravellingtoCanterburytovisitThomasBecket’stomb.BecausehewasthefirstimportantEnglishpoettowriteinEnglish.Hehasbeenknownasthe“FatherofEnglishPoetry”.

TheBlackDeath----Itisamodernnamegiventothedearlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadthroughEuropeinthefourteenthcenturyparticularlyin1348-1349.Itcamewithoutwarning,andwithoutanycue.InEngland,itkilledalmosthalfofthetotalpopulation,causingfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.

TheWarsofRoses玫瑰战争----thenameWarsoftheRoseswasrefertothebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancaster,symbolizedbythereadrose,andthatofYork,symbolizedbythewhite,from1455to1485.HenryTudor,descendantofDukeofLancasterwonvictoryatBosworthFireldin1485andputhtcountryundertheruleoftheTudors.FromtheseWars,Englishfeudalismreceiveditsdeathblow.Thegreatmedievalnobilitywasmuchweakened.

TheGloriousRevolutionof1688光荣革命----In1685CharlesIIdiedandwassucceededbyhisbrotherJamesII.JameswasbroughtupinexileinEurope,wasaCatholic.Hehopedtorulewithoutgivinguphispersonalreligiousvies.ButEnglandwasnomoretolerantofaCatholickingin1688than40yearsago.SotheEnglishpoliticiansrejectedJamesII,andappealedtoaProtestantking,WilliamofOrange,toinvadeandtaketheEnglishthrone.WilliamlandedinEnglandin1688.Thetakeoverwasrelativelysmooth,withnobloodshed,noranyexecutionoftheking.ThiswasknownastheGloriousRevolution.

TheGunpowderPlotof1605火药阴谋案----TheGunpowderPlotof1605wasthemostfamousoftheCatholicconspiracies.OnNov.5,1605,afewfanaticalCatholicsattemptedtoblowKingJamesandhisministersupintheHouseofParliamentwhereGuyFawkeshadplantedbarrelsofgun-powderinthecellars.TheimmediateresultwastheexecutionofFawkesandhisfellow-conspiratorsandimpositionofsevereanti-Catholiclaws.Thelong-termresulthasbeenanannualcelebrationonNov.5,whenabonfireislittoturnaguyandafireworkdisplayisarranged.

BloodMary血腥玛丽----ItisthenicknamegiventoMaryI,theEnglishQueenwhosucceededtothethroneafterHenryVIII.ShewasadevoutCatholicandhadsomanyProtestantsburnttodeaththatsheisrememberedlessbyherofficialtitleMaryIbyhernicknameBloodMary.

1.themississippi

themississippihasbeencalled"fatherofwaters"or"oldmanriver",themississippianditstributariesdrainoneoftherichestfarmareasintheworld.itisthemostimportantriverintheworld.

2.hispanics

itstandsforthespanish-speakingpopulationoftheunitedstates.thesepeoplemainlycenterinnewmexico,californiaandtexas.therearethreemajorhispanicgroupshistoricallyhavingthegreatinfluenceontheus.theyarechicanos,thepuertoricansandthecuban-americans.

abriefquestion:

一句话回答。

whatdecisiondidpresidenttrumanmaketodealwiththeBerlincrisis?

A:

thepresidenttrumandecidedtomobilizeallthepossibleamericancargoplanestoairliftsuppliesintowestBerlin.集合所有可能的美国飞机空运所须到西柏林。

美国历史中的名词解释：

thecounterculturewasamovementinthe1960sofrevoltagainstthemoralvalues,theaesthetic美学的standards,thepersnalbehavior,andthesocialrelationsofconventionalsociety。

它是一种反叛运动，反对常规社会的道德标准、审美标准、个人行为和社会关系。

BritainandtheFirstWorldWar（kittyhuang的总结）

英国和第一次世界大战

TheWorldWarIwasfoughtfrom1914to1918primarilybetweentwoEuropeanPowerblocs:

“theCentralpower”.GermanyandAustria-Hungary,andthe“Allies”,Britain,FranceandRussia.Duringthewar,theBritainlostmuch.Apartfromthelossofmanpower,therehadbeenconsiderabledisruptionoftheeconomyandsociety.OutofthewarsettlementcametheestablishmentoftheleagueofNations.