英语四级真题已排版适合打印.docx

英语四级真题已排版适合打印.docx

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英语四级真题已排版适合打印

2010年12月

　　PartIWriting（30minutes）

　　Directions：

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

　　1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切

　　2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

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　　PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

AGrassrootsRemedy

　　Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.

　　Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived（丧失）.IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

　　Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:

familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（多动症）.Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.

　　AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.

　　Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy（等级）basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.

　　Mostbullying（恃强凌弱）isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.

　　Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:

nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.

　　OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.

　　Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.

　　Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.

　　DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.

　　Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:

notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.

　　Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals（哺乳动物）.Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.

　　Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.

　　Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld

　　Walk:

Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.

　　Sit:

Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.

　　Drink:

Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:

talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.

　　Learn:

Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:

andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.

　　Travel:

Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:

bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:

forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?

　　[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.

　　[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.

　　[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.

　　[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

　　2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?

　　[A]Personalfreedom.

　　[B]Thingsthatarenatural.

　　[C]Urbansurroundings.

　　[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.

　　3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

　　[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.

　　[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.

　　[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.

　　[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.

　　4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.

　　[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience

　　[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife

　　[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood

　　[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

　　5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?

　　[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.

　　[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.

　　[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.

　　[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.

　　6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?

　　[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.

　　[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured.

　　7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.

　　[A]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother

　　[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople

　　[C]accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence

　　[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged

　　8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe________________________.

　　9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout________________________.

　　10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld.

　　PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

　　Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

　　注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.

　　　[B]Shecan’tstandthehotweather.[D]SheenjoysstayinginWashington.

　　12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.

　　[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.

　　[C]Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.

　　[D]Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.

　　13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.

　　[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.

　　[C]Avoidexcessiveph