TOEFL Class 1 Class Notes 0430.docx
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TOEFLClass1ClassNotes0430
TOEFLClass1ClassNotes20120430
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Homework
下次上课日期暂定为5月5日时间不变,有特殊情况请务必提前通知.
1.Prepareforavocabularyquizonthewordsyoudidn’tknowfromtoday’sclassnextweek.
2.DotheReadinghomeworkintheTOEFLReadinghandout
a）FactualInformationquestions–multiplechoice
b）ProseSummaryquestions–multiplechoice
c）Emailmeanywordsyoudon’tknowfromthehandout.
3.Useandemailmeyourvocabularyprogrambeforeournextclass,regardlessofhowmanywordsyouhavestudied.
ClassNotes
Reviewedhomework:
SentenceSimplification–multiplechoice
Inference–multiplechoice（uptoquestion15）
InsertTextmultiplechoice
Assigninfutureclass:
ReviewInference-multiplechoice（afterquestion15）
VocabularyQuiz
Right
Wrong
Blank
Total
%Right
%Wrong
%Blank
Billy
30-Apr
8
0
0
8
100%
0%
0%
Hans
30-Apr
4
0
4
8
50%
0%
50%
Hollin
30-Apr
9
0
0
9
100%
0%
0%
Miranda
30-Apr
8
0
0
8
100%
0%
0%
Snap
30-Apr
6
1
0
7
86%
14%
0%
Total
30-Apr
35
1
4
40
88%
3%
10%
30-Apr
TOEFLHomework
Right
Wrong
Blank
Total
%Right
%Wrong
%Blank
SentenceSimplification4/30
Billy
7
3
0
10
70%
30%
0%
SentenceSimplification4/30
Hans
8
1
1
10
80%
10%
10%
SentenceSimplification4/30
Hollin
8
2
0
10
80%
20%
0%
SentenceSimplification4/30
Miranda
7
3
0
10
70%
30%
0%
SentenceSimplification4/30
Snap
8
2
0
10
80%
20%
0%
Total
38
11
1
50
76%
22%
2%
TOEFLHomework
Right
Wrong
Blank
Total
%Right
%Wrong
%Blank
Inference4/30
Billy
34
8
0
42
81%
19%
0%
Inference4/30
Hans
30
12
0
42
71%
29%
0%
Inference4/30
Hollin
28
14
0
42
67%
33%
0%
Inference4/30
Miranda
30
12
0
42
71%
29%
0%
Inference4/30
Snap
29
13
0
42
69%
31%
0%
Total
151
59
0
210
72%
28%
0%
TOEFLHomework
Right
Wrong
Blank
Total
%Right
%Wrong
%Blank
InsertText1
Billy
15
7
0
22
68%
32%
0%
InsertText1
Hans
16
6
0
22
73%
27%
0%
InsertText1
Hollin
16
6
0
22
73%
27%
0%
InsertText1
Miranda
18
4
0
22
82%
18%
0%
InsertText1
Snap
11
11
0
22
50%
50%
0%
Total
76
34
0
110
69%
31%
0%
NoteTakingNotes
1.Takenotesthroughoutthelecture.Trytowritedownasmuchinformationasyoupossiblycan.
2.Alwayswritedownanytermsthatarenewtoyou,definitions,specificfacts,listsofitemsandstatistics.
3.Speakerswillsometimesgivecluestellingyouwhichpointsinalectureareespeciallyimportantandwillbeaskedabout.Someofthemostcommonclues:
a.Repetitionofapoint.
b.Emphasisfromtoneofvoiceorfrompausesbeforeoraftermakingapoint
c.Theamountoftimespentonapoint
4.Payattentiontotheuseofsignalwordsorphrasesinthelecture,especiallyonesthatindicatethestructureofthelectureorachangeoftopic.
5.Inacademicdiscussions,importantinformationmaybeincommentsthatstudentsmake（particularlyiftheprofessoragreeswiththestudent）.
6.Whentakingnotesonconversations,payattentiontowhoissayingwhat.Forexample,ifaprofessorisspeakingtoastudent,youmaywanttoputtheinitialPbeforenotesonwhattheprofessorsaysandSbeforewhatthestudentsays.
7.Takenotesduringreplayquestions.Infact,trytowritedownasmanywordsaspossiblewhenlisteningforthesecondtime.
8.Organizeyourlecturenotesaccordingtoorderofimportance.Themostimportantideasshouldbeontheleftsideofthepage.Indenttotherighttoshowthatanideaissubordinatetoorsupportsthemoreimportantidea.Inotherworse,ideasontheleftsideofthepagearegeneraldivisionsofthelecture.Youshouldalsoskiplinesbetweenimportantpartsofthelecture.Writingnotesinthiswayhelpsyouanalyzethematerialthatyouarelisteningtoandorganizeyournotesinalogicalway.
Mainidea
Supportingidea
Supportingidea
Minorpoint,example,detail,etc
Mainidea
Supportingidea
Supportingidea
Minorpoint,example,detail,etc
Minorpoint,example,detail,etc
8.Youcanindicateideasthatareespeciallyimportantwithabox,acircle,anunderline,oranexclamationpoint（!
）
a.Leaveplentyofwhitespacearoundyournotesothat,ifthespeakerreturnstoapointlater,youcanaddnewnotes.
9.Theaveragelecturerspeaksabout125to150wordsperminute.Theaveragenotetakercanwriteonlyabout20to25wordsperminute.Therefore,youneedtouseabbreviationsandothershortcutstohelpyougetdownasmuchinformationaspossible.
a.Don’twriteincompletesentences.Writeinphrases.
b.Omitunimportantwordsthatdonotcarryinformation.
c.Usestandardsymbolsandabbreviations:
+=-~etc
d.Besidesstandardabbreviationsandsymbols,youoftenneedtocreateyourownabbreviations.
i.Youcanusethefirstfewlettersofaword.Information->info
ii.Leaveoutlettersfromthemiddleofthewords.Large->lge;market->mkt
CommonSignalWords
WordsandPhrasesIndicatingtheStructureoftheLecture
Therearethreekindsof…
We’llbelookingatacoupleofwaysto…
First,…
Then,…
Thatbringsusto…
Therearetwopointsofview…
NextIwanttomention…
First,let’slookat…
Okay,nowlet’stalkabout…
Now,whatabout____?
Finally,…
WordsandPhrasesIndicatingaChangeofDirection
Ontheotherhand,…
However,…
But…
WordsandPhrasesShowingEmphasisorImportance
Mostimportantly,…
Oneimportantpoint/issue/problem/question/conceptis
Especially,…
Significantly,…
Besuretonotethat…
Payspecialattentionto…
WordsandPhrasesUsedtoGiveExamples
Forexample…
Take_____forexample…
Forinstance…
Let’sconsiderthecaseof…
Specifically…
StandardSymbolsandAbbreviations
+
And
&
And
=
Is,equals,isthesameas
≠
Isn’t,doesn’tequal,isnotthesameas
~
Isnotquitethesameas,issimilarto
±
Moreorless,about,approximately
↑
Increases,goesup
↓
Decreases,goesdown
/
Per
%
Percent
#
Number
X
Times
>
Morethan,biggerthan,greaterthan
<
Lessthan,smallerthan,fewerthan
->
Causes,leadsto,produces
$
Money
$$$
Expensive
@
At
w/
With
w/o
Without
P
page
Pp
Pages
Re
Regarding,about,concerning
etc
Andsoon,andotherthings
e.g.
Forexample
Ie.
Inotherwords
Vocabulary
WordsEveryoneShouldStudy
board
alongthinflatpieceofwood,usedespeciallyformakingfloorsandotherpartsofbuildings2.aflatwidesurfacesuchasabulletinboardorblackboardplaceduprightandusedforshowinginformation3.agroupofpeoplewhohavetheresponsibilityofmanagingimportantbusinessorgovernmentactivities
n.木板；布告牌；委员会；（政府的）部v.上（船、火车、飞机）
entity
independentbeing
n.实体,实存物,存在
executive
aseniormanagerinabusinessorotherorganization2.agroupofpeoplewhoareresponsibleformakingimportantdecisionsinapoliticalparty,laborunion,etc.
主管人员2.（committee）执行委员会3.政府行政部门4.执行的5.行政的6.豪华的7.专用的
hybrid
formed,bred,orcomposedfromdifferentelements
n.混血儿,杂种,混合物
liability
drawback;handicap;debts;obligation;responsibility;conditionofbeingliable;ADJ.liable:
likely;responsible（forpaying）
责任、债务
proprietorship
abusinessownedbyanowner
所有权；业主（所有）权
proxy
onewhoactsinplaceofanother
n.代理,代理人,取代物
resolution
somethingsettledorresolved;theoutcomeofadecision
n.坚定,决心,决议,决定,果断,刚毅,消退：
病理状态的减退,分辨率,清晰度
sole
anytongue-shapedflatfishofthefamily;theundersideofthefoot2.theundersideofashoe;beingtheonlyone;only
底2.（fish）鳎鱼3.（only）唯一的4.（exclusive）专有的
Billy
astronomy
thescientificstudyofthestars,planets,andotherobjectsintheuniverse
n.天文学
bacteria
averylargegroupofmicroorganismscomprisingoneofthethreedomainsoflivingorganisms
细菌
ceramics
theartandtechniquesofproducingarticlesofclay；porcelain,etc
陶瓷工艺，制陶术；陶瓷制品，陶器
cosmology
thestudyoftheoriginandnatureoftheuniverse
宇宙学2.宇宙起源说；宇宙进化论
fabric
anyclothmadefromyarnorfibresbyweaving,knitting,felting,etc3.astructureorframewor
n.织物，纺织品；结构
knitting
theactivityorprocessofknittingthings2.somethingthatisbeingknitted
织2.（garments）编织物
mosaic
picturemadeofsmallcolorfulinlaidtiles;ADJ.
镶嵌图案（一直装饰品由某种材料拼成的图）
radar
theequipmentusedinsuchdetection;amethodfordetectingthepositionandvelocityofadistantobject
n.雷达，无线电探测器
weaving
tomakeclothbycrossinglongthreadsoverandundereachotheronamachinecalledaloom2.tocreateastoryorplanwithmanycomplicateddetails3.tomovesomewherebygoingaroundandbetweenthings
移动躲闪
Hans
astronomy
thescientificstudyofthestars,planets,andotherobjectsintheuniverse
n.天文学
bacteria
averylargegroupofmicroorganismscomprisingoneofthethreedomainsoflivingorganisms
细菌
communal
shared;pertainingtoagroupofpeople
a.公有的,公社的
cosmology
thestudyoftheoriginandnatureoftheuniverse
宇宙学2.宇宙起源说；宇宙进化论
dynamics
directionsandsymbolsusedtoindicatedegreesofloudness2.thebranchofmechanicsconcernedwiththeforcesthatchangeorproducethemotionsofbodies
力学，动力学2.动力，动态
industrialize
todevelopindustriesormakesthemmoremodern
使工业化2.发展工业，实现工业化
inorganic
notconsistingoforproducedfromanylivingthing
无机的2.无生物的；无机物的3.人为的，人造的
knitting
theactivityorprocessofknittingthings2.somethingthatisbeingknitted
织2.（garments）编织物
linguistics
n.Thescienceoflanguages,orofthe
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