完整版初三英语动词专题及专项练习含答案doc.docx
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完整版初三英语动词专题及专项练习含答案doc
动词
动词的含义
动词是表示动作或状态的词,在句子中做谓语。
动词的基本形式:
动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。
动词的种类:
类别
特点
举例
及物动词(vt)
跟宾语
I
likemusic.
不及物动词(vi)
不跟宾语
It
rainedlastnight.
系动词
跟表语
I
amadoctor.Sheisanurse.
Weareveryhappy.
助动词
跟动词原形或分词
I
don’tlikeplayingbasketball.
I
haveseenthismoviebefore.
情态动词
跟动词原形
ShecanspeakJapanese.
动词时态
一般现在时(3种结构)
表示经常性、习惯性的动作;或普遍真理、客观事实;或某种状态。
“主·谓·(宾)”结构
Peteralwaysspendstoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
Aliceusuallygoestoschoolbybusinthemorning.
Ilikelisteningtoclassicalmusic.
“There·be”结构
Thereisamaponthewall.
Therearesomebirdsinthesky.
“主·系·表”结构
It’sverycoldtoday.
Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.
Myfatherisateacher.
动词第三人称单数
动词特征构成例词
一般动词
词尾加s
like-likes
teach-teaches
以ch,sh,s,o,x
do-does
go-goes
结尾
词尾加es
wash-washes
记忆技巧:
吃(ch)
pass-passes
蛇(sh,s)后喝XO
mix-mixes
fax-faxes(发送传真)
study-studies
辅音字母+y,变y为i,再加es
carry-carries
以y结尾
try-tries
play-plays
元音字母+y,直接加s
stay-stays
say-says
一般过去时(3种结构)
表示发生在过去的动作。
在一般过去时的句子中,动词必须用过去式.
动词过去式及过去分词的构成
规则变化
构成法
词例
(1)
一般情况下加ed
work--worked--worked
play--played--played
(2)
以e结尾的,加d
live--lived--lived
like--liked--liked
(3)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,改y为i,再加ed.
study--studied--studied
cry--cried--cried
(4)
以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,且末尾只有一个
stop--stopped--stopped
辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加ed.
prefer--preferred--preferred
refer-referred-referred
occur-occurred-occurred
不规则变化(参考课本)
一般过去时常见的提示
year/Sunday--)
:
yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;last
(week/month/
this---
;justnow
;
---ago;after---;when---
等等。
注:
当谓语动词是行为动词时,肯定句用动词的过去式表达,构成疑问句或否定句时,需借助did或didn’t构成,谓语动词要还原成原形。
例如:
Iwenttothezooyesterday.
Mymotherdidn’tgototheparklastweekend.
DidJimcometoseeyoulastnight?
.
现在进行时
表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。
(只有延续性动词有进行时;
非延续性动词没有进行时
)
主语+系动词(am/is/are
)+现在分词
现在分词的构成
构成法
词例
(1)
一般情况下加ing.
work--working
;learn--learning
(2)
以e结尾的,去掉e,再加ing.
live--living
;take--taking
(3)
以重读闭音节
或r
音节结尾,且末尾只有一个
sit--sitting
;stop--stopping
辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加ing.
chat--chatting
;refer--referring
(4)
以ie
结尾的,要改ie
为y,再加ing.
tie--tying
;lie--lying
现在进行时的标志
:
Look;Listen;now;atthemoment/atpresent
Look.Alice
isreadingamagazineoverthere.
Listen.PeterissingingaChinesesong.
Alice
istalkingtoPeter
now.
I’mlearningJapanese
atthemoment.
特殊情况:
非延续性动词
没有进行时,它们的现在分词形式
表示将来时。
主语+(am/is/are)+
非延续性动词的现在分词:
表示
将来时。
I’mgoingtoschoolnow.
Maryisleaving
forNewYorksoon.
SpringFestivalis
coming.
I’marriving
inBeijing.
过去进行时
表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。
主语+系动词(was/were)+现在分词
Davidwasdoinghishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday
Iwasdoingmyhomeworkathistimeyesterday.
TomwashavingbreakfastwhenMarycalledhim.
.
一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作,或计划或打算作某事。
主语+will+动词原形
主语+(am/is/are)+goingto+动词原形
主语+(am/is/are)+非延续性动词的现在分词:
例如:
Iwilltellyouthegoodnews.
JohnisgoingtovisitHangzhounextweek.
MyfatheriscomingtoQingdaotomorrow.
一般将来时常见的提示:
tomorrow;thedayaftertomorrow;
next
week;in
thefuture;in
threedays;this
evening,soon,attheendofthisterm
一般将来时的用法
1.表示将来的动作或状态。
例如:
2.在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中,“句子”用一般将来时。
例如:
“begoingto+动词原形”与“will+动词原形”
begoingto和will在一般情况下可以互换,但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。
说明例句
带有意愿色彩Iwillhelpyoulater.
Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?
问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令
Willyougowithme?
Mr.Wangwillcomeifitdoesn’train.
在时间、条件状语从句中,如果主句
HewillcallusassoonashegetstoHong
是一般将来时,用will
Kong.
过去将来时
表示在去的某划或打算作某事。
(
接引
/
从句
)
主+would+原形
主+(was/were)+goingto+原形
主+(was/were)+非延的名
例如:
Ithoughtyouwouldhelptheoldman.
Marywasgoingtotakepartinthismeeting.
HesaidhewasleavingforHongKong.
现在完成时
含:
在完成表示“去的作在所造成的果或影响”.
文中常含有“已”、“曾”、“没有”等.
构成:
主+have/has+
去分
例如:
Ihaveseenthismoviebefore.(
果:
我了解部影片的内容
)
Hehashadagoodeducation.(
果:
他的知水平很高)
在完成常的志
:
sofar/uptonow
;
recently
;
inrecentyears
;before
;
inthepast⋯
/inthelast
⋯/overthepast
⋯/overthelast
⋯
since/for:
既可以用于
“在完成”,也可以用于“在完成行”.
already/yet/ever/never/before:
既可以用于“在完成”,
也可以用于“
去完成”.
Ihavealreadyfinishedthework.
/Ihavejustfinishedthework.
Haveyoufinishedtheworkyet
?
Ihaven’tfinishedmyworkyet.
延性与非延性
延性可以接一段;
非延性后面不能接一段
如果要接一段
就必把
非延性
替成
相的延性.
come--behere
Hecameheretwohoursago.
Hehasbeenherefortwohours.
go--beout/beaway
Theyhave
Theywentoutanhourago.
beenoutforanhour.
leave
---
beaway
Tomhas
Tomlefttenminutesago.
beenawayfortenminutes.
buy---haveIboughtthisdictionary10yearsago.
Ihavehadthisdictionaryfor10years.
begin---beonThefilmbeganfiveminutesago.
Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.
某些延续性动词(如:
lookfor,watch,waitfor,live,work,develop,teach,learn,
study,rain等)与since或for连用时,表示“从过去的某一时刻起,一直持续到现在的
动作”,它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相替换。
Hehaslivedherefor20years.
Hehasbeenlivingherefor20years.
▲havebeento
▲havegoneto
表示“曾经去过表示“已经去了
---”---”
:
I
:
They
havebeentoBeijingbefore.
havegonetoJapan.
过去完成时
主语+had+
过去分词
表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作--
“过去的过去”.
Bytheendof
lastmonth,we
hadlearned12Englishsongs.
Bythetime
hegothome,alltheguests
hadleft.
Whentheyarrivedattherailwaystation
,thetrainhadalreadyleft.
BeforeIwenttobed
,Ihadfinished
readingthatbook.
AfterIhadfinished
readingthebook
,Iwenttobed.
“bytheendoflast---
”只能用于“过去完成时”
Bytheendoflastmonth,wehadlearned5000Englishwords.
现在完成进行时
主语+have/has+been+
现在分词
表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在,
一直在做某事。
I
havebeenwaiting
foryourreplysinceIsentyoualetter
I
havebeenliving
herefor20years
It
hasbeenraining
sincelastnight
Since1989,WangGanghasbeenworking
inthiscompany.
Hehasbeenlearning
Englishfor10years.
专项练习
动词时态专项训练
1.Heoften
totheparkwithsomefriendsonSundays.
A.go
B.goes
C.isgoing
D.hasgone
2.Tom’sfather
listeningtoclassicalmusic.
A.like
B.don
’tlike
C.likes
D.isliking
3.
yourmother
upearlyinthemorning.
A.Do/get
B.Do/gets
C.Does/gets
D.Does/get
4.Look,theboys
footballontheplayground.
A.play
B.playing
C.areplaying
D.isplay
5.PeterwentswimmingwithMikeyesterday,
he?
A.did
B.does
C.didn
’t
D.doesn
’t
6.I
aUFOintheskywhileIwastalkingawalkinthestreetjust
now.
A.saw
B.haveseen
C.willsee
D.wasseeing
7.Fred
amodelplanewhenIwenttoseehim.
A.makes
B.ismaking
C.wasmaking
D.made
8.I
’lltellhertocallyoubackwhenshe
back.
A.willcome
B.comes
C.hascome
D.iscoming
9.Myfather
cigarettes,hethinksitisharmfulforhealth.
A.didn
’tsmoke
B.don
’tsmoke
C.doesn’tsmokes
D.doesn
’tsmoke
10.I
2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.
A.hadlearned
B.havelearned
C.wouldlearn
D.waslearning
11.Howlong
you
themobilephone?
A.haveboughtB.have/had
C.did/buy
D.do/buy
12.Mybrother
toLondonmanytimes,soheknowsLondonverywell.
A.wasgoing
B.went
C.hasbeen
D.hasgone
13.Iwant
to
knowif
you
freetomorrow
evening.
Ifyou
free,I
’dliketoinviteyoutodinner.
A.willbe/are
B.are/willbe
C.are/are
D.willbe/willbe
14.Listen,themusic
verynice.
A.issounding
B.sound
C.sounds
D.issounded
15.I
mybesttolearnEnglishwellfromnowon.
A.tried
B.havetried
C.amtrying
D.willtry
16.Ourteachertoldusthatlight
fasterthansound.
A.travelled
B.
travels
C.
hadtravelled
D.
is
travelled
17.MrBrownisn
’tathomenow.He
tohisoffice.
A.hadgoneB.hadbeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen
18.Hesaidhewouldgotothemovieswithusifhefree.
A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.was
19.Jennytovisithergrandmathreedaysago.
A.wentB.goesC.hasgoneD.hadgone
20.TheGreensChinaforfiveyears.
A.hasbeeninB.havebeenin
C.hascometoD.havegoneto
21.Thereabasketballmatchinourschoolthedayaftertomorrow.
A.willhaveB.willbeC.wouldbeD.isgoingto
have
22.ItoHainanforvacationinthreedays.
A.wentB.goC.willgoD.wasgoing
23.HowlongyouFrenchbeforeyouwenttoParis?
A.had/studiedB.have/studied
C.do/studyD.would/study
24.Hi,Peter.Iyouwerehere.
A.don’tknowB.haven’tknown
C.hadn’tknownD.didn’tknow
25.We