5Tests for seperate units of Linguistics.docx

5Tests for seperate units of Linguistics.docx

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5TestsforseperateunitsofLinguistics

TestsforSeparateUnitsofLinguistics

ChapterIPreliminarySession1

AnswerstoTest17

Chapter2Phonology13

AnswerstoChapter218

Chapter3Morphology22

AnswerstoChapter326

Chapter4Syntax28

AnswerstoChapter432

Chapter5Semantics36

AnswerstoChapter541

Chapter6Pragmatics46

AnswerstoChapter650

Chapter7HistoricalLinguistics56

AnswerstoChapter763

Chapter8Sociolinguistics70

AnswerstoChapter8Sociolinguistics75

Chapter9Psycholinguistics80

AnswerstoChapter986

Chapter10LanguageAcquisition90

AnswerstoChapter1096

TestsforSeparateUnitsofLinguistics

ChapterIPreliminarySession

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.

7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

20.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

l.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.F

11.T12.T13.T14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F20.F

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

21.knowledge22.abstract23.Duality24.arbitrary25.syntax26.genetic27.Parole28.applied29.productive30.scientific（orsystematic）

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptive

B.analytic

C.descriptive

D.linguistic

32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.Arbitrariness

B.Displacement

C.Duality

D.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primary

B.correct

C.secondary

D.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because___________.

A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.

C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue

D.Alloftheabove

35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronic

B.diachronic

C.prescriptive

D.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）__________viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.

A.sociological…psychological

B.psychological…sociological

C.applied…pragmatic

D.semanticandlinguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,____referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.parole

B.performance

C.langue

D.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_________andmeanings.

A.sense

B.sounds

C.objects

D.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_________,

A.displacement

B.duality

C.flexibility

D.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarepassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough____,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learning

B.teaching

C.books

D.bothAandB

3l.C32.D33.C34.D35.B36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics:

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

42.Phonology:

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.

43.Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax..

44.Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.

45.Psycholinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.

46.Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

47.Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.

48.Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

49.Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.

50.Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics,.

51.Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.

52.arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds

53.Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

54.Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker

55.Duality:

Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings..

56.Designfeatures:

Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication

57.Competence:

Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,

58.Performance:

performanceistheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeoftherulesinlinguisticcommunication.

59.langue:

Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity;Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollow;Langueisrelativelystable,itdoesnotchangefrequently

60.Parole:

Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.

IV.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary:

61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Explainitindetail.

Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Explainitindetail.Firstofall,languageisasystem,becauseelementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules.Secondly,languageisarbitrarybecausethereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenformandmeaning,o