英语专四真题和参考答案与解析.docx
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英语专四真题和参考答案与解析
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2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案
PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE
Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefour
optionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswers
thequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuild
asmooth-sidedpyramid.
A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen
B.wasbelievedtobe
C.isbelievedtohavebeen
D.isbelievedtobe
12.U.S.News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.
A.maintains
B.ismaintaining
C.maintained
D.hasbeenmaintaining
13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.
A.actually
B.accidentally
C.otherwise
D.seldom
14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof
_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.A.bluehazyVirginia
B.hazyblueVirginiaC.VirginiahazyblueD.Virginiabluehazy
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15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.
A.theevil
B.evil
C.evils
D.anevil
16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askilling
andmaiming______________.
A.war
B.arewar
C.ofwar
D.areofwar
17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.
A.itsmostbasicB.itsbasic
C.themostbasicD.thebasic
18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhername
fromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.
A.toexpressanintendedpurpose
B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility
C.torevealanundesirableconsequence
D.todramatizeastatedfact
19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?
A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.
B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.
C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.
D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.
20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmensely
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proudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentence
expresses_______.
A.ahypothesis
B.asuggestion
C.acontradiction
D.asurprise
21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto
___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.A.justice
B.testimonyC.trial
D.verdict
22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeen
stronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.
A.Questionably
B.Arguably
C.Contentiously
D.Debatably
23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.
A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset
24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivingany
authorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”
A.recommendation
B.recording
C.recollection
D.recognition
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25.Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedin
whatweconsiderbeautiful.
A.consists
B.constitutes
C.composes
D.constructs
26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.
A.finalB.further
C.supplementaryD.extra
27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing
“deplorable”schoolconditions.A.fired
B.filedC.finedD.filled
28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19
th
centurycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater
archaeologicalteam.
A.debris
B.ruins
C.remains
D.wreck
29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.
A.countless
B.countable
C.numerical
D.numeral
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30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysis
ofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.
A.oceangoing
B.oceanic
C.marine
D.maritime
PARTIVCLOZE
Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassage
ifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.Marktheletter
foreachwordonANSWERSHEET.
A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtedness
F.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obey
K.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread
AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.He
sentChristmas
cardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.
Althoughheexpected
somereaction,
theresponsehereceived
wasamazing—holiday
cardsaddressed
tohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardof
him.
Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintothe
identityofthe
unknownprofessor.
Theyreceived
his
holiday
greeting
card,
andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionof
oneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus
—therule
forreciprocation.
Therulesays
that
weshould
trytorepay,
inkind,what
anotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompany
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thereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomea
synonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothers
aswell.
Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itis
sowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.
Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand
D.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablish
coloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.They
wantedtoescapethecontrols
placedon
theirlivesby
kingsandgovernments,
priests
andchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.Thehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirst
settlers
havehadaprofound
effect
onthe
shaping
ofthe
Americancharacter.
Bylimiting
thepowerofthe
government
andthe
churches
andeliminating
aformalaristocracy,
they
createdaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.Individual
freedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americans
meanthe
desire
andtheability
of
allindividuals
tocontrol
their
owndestiny
without
outside
interference
fromthe
government,
aruling
noble
class,the
church,
or
anyother
organizedauthority.
（2）
There
is,
however,
a
price
to
be
paid
for
this
individual
freedom:
self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,
achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyas
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possible,usuallybyage18or21.
（3）
Asecond
important
reason
whyimmigrants
havetraditionally
beendrawnto
the
United
States
isthe
belief
that
everyone
hasaequal
chancetoenterarace
andsucceed
inthe
game.Becausetitlesof
nobility
wereforbiddenintheConstitution,no
formal
classsystemdevelopedintheU.S.
（4）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:
competition.
Ifmuch
of
life
isseenas
race,thenapersonmustruntheraceinorder
tosucceed;
aperson
mustcompetewith
others.
Thepressures
ofcompetition
in
the
life
ofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,
anygroupof
peoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfully
does
notfit
into
the
mainstream
ofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.
（5）AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStates
isto
haveabetter
life.
Becauseofits
abundant
natural
resources,
theUnitedStates
appearedtobea
“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.
Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches
”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Many
peopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmerican
people,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.
（6）Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:
hardwork.Hard
workhasbeenboth
necessary
andrewarding
for
mostAmericans
throughout
their
history.
Insomeways,
material
possessions
are
seenasevidence
of
people’sabilities.
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