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国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案
Key
Chapter1
I.Answermyquestions
1.Internationaltradeisbusinesswhoseactivitiesinvolvethecrossingofnational
borders.Itincludesnotonlyinternationaltradeandforeignmanufacturingbutalso
encompassesthegrowingservicesindustryinareassuchastransportation,tourism,
banking,advertising,construction,retailing,wholesaling,andmasscommunications.
Itincludesallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.Suchbusiness
relationshipmaybeprivateorgovernmental.
2.Salesexpansion,resourceacquisitionanddiversificationofsalesandsupplies.
3.Togainprofit.
4.Toseejoutforeignmarketsandprocurement.
5.Therearefourmajorformswhicharethefollowing:
MerchandiseexportsandImports,ServiceExportsandImports,Investmentand
MultinationalEnterprise.
6.Itistheaccountwhichisasummarystatementoftheflowofallinternational
economicandfinancialtransactionsbetweenonenation(eg.theUnitedStates)and
therestoftheworldoversomeperiodoftime,usuallyoneyear.
7.MerchandiseExportingandImporting.
8.Yes.Therearegreatdifferencesbetweenthem.
1)directinvestmenttakesplacewhencontrolfollowstheinvestment.Itusually
meanshighcommitmentofcapital,personnel,andtechnologyabroad.Itaimsat
gainingofforeignresourcesandforeignmarkets.Directinvestmentmayoftenget
higherforeignsalesthanexporting.Andsometimesitinvolvestwoormoreparties.
2)Whileportfolioinvestmentsarenotundercontrol.Andtheyareusedprimarily
forfinancialpurposes.Treasuresofcompanies,forexample,routinelymorefunds
fromonecountrytoanothertogetahigheryieldonshortterminvestments.
9.MNEistheabbreviationofthemultinationalenterprise.ItssynonymsareNNC
(themultinationalcorporation)andTNC(transnationalcorporation).
10.Examplesaretravel,transport,fee,royalties,dividendsandinterest.
11.Thechoiceofformsisinfluencedbytheobjectivebeingpursuedandthe
environmentsinwhichthecompanymustoperate.
12.Itislimitedbythenumberofpeopleinterestedinafirm’sproductsand
servicesandbycustomers’capacitytomakepurchase.
13.Thisisbecauseatanearlystageofinternationalinvolvementtheseoperations
usuallytaketheleastcommitmentandleastriskofafirm’sresources.
14.Royaltiesmeansthepaymentforuseofassetsfromabroad,suchasfor
trademarkspatens,copyrights,orotherexpertiseundercontractknownaslicencing
agreements.Royaltiesarealsopaidfranchising.
15.Itisawayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty(thefranchiser)theuseofa
trademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchisers’business.
IIMatcheachoneontheleftwithitscorrectmeaningontheright
1.J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F10.H
IIITranslatethefollowingtermsandphrasesintoChinese
1购买力11经济复苏;恢复
2潜在销售量12经济衰退
3加价,涨价13间接投资
4国内市场14有形货物
5制成品15有形进出口
6边际利润16收入及支出;岁入及岁出
7市场占有率17超额能力
8贸易歧视18贸易中间人(商);经纪人
9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式
10经销周期20许可证协定
IVTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish
1.Tradeisoftenthe‘engine’ofgrowth.Howeveroversimplifiedthismetaphor
maybe,itdoesservetounderlinetheimportanceofforeigntradeintheprocessof
growth.Ahealthyexpansionofexportsmaynotalwaysbesufficientconditionfor
rapidandsustainedgrowth,butastrongpositiveassociationbetweenthetwois
clearlyundeniable.Tradeexpansioncontributestoeconomicgrowthinmanyways.
Amongthemarethebenefitsofspecialization;thefavorableeffectsofinternational
competitionondomesticeconomicefficiency;theincreasedcapacitytopayforthe
importsrequiredindevelopmentandmoregenerallythestimulustoinvestment.
2.Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinone
countryforgoodsandservicesproducedinanothercountry.Inadditiontovisible
trade,whichinvolvestheimportandexportofgoodsandmerchandise,thereisalso
invisibletrade,whichinvolvestheexchangeofservicesbetweennations.Nations
suchasGreeceandNorwayhavelargemaritimefleetsandprovidetransportation
service.Thisisakindofinvisibletrade.Invisibletradecanbeasimportanttosome
nationsastheexportofrawmaterialsorcommoditiesistoothers.Inbothcases,the
nationsearnthemoneytobuynecessities.
3.Thereexistdifferentwaysofconductinginternationalbusiness.Exclusivesale
meansthesellergivestheoverseasclienttheexclusiverightofsellingaparticular
productinadesignatedareawithinaspecifiedperiodoftime.Inthiskindofbusiness
transaction,theproductisboughtbytheexclusivesellerandthereforeheshouldsell
theproductbyhimself,assumingsoleresponsibilitiesforhisprofitandloss.
Exclusivesaleisdifferentfromagencywhereonlycommissionisinvolved.And
differenceexistsbetweengeneralcontractandexclusivesalesbecausetheexclusive
sellerenjoysexclusiverightinaparticulararea.
4.Thereisnocountryintheworldthatcanproducealltheproductsitneeds.
Thuscountriesjoinininternationaldivisionoflaborforeffectiveproductionand
reproduction.Sometimesacountrycanbuygoodsandservicesfromabroadona
barterbasis.Bartermeansdoingbusinessbyexchanginggoodsofonesortforgoods
ofanothersortwithoutusingmoney.Bartertradeitselfisnotenoughtomeata
country’simportneeds.Butasaformofinternationaltrade,itisstillattractivein
developingcountrieswhereforeignexchangeisinshortsupplyandinflowofforeign
fundsisfarfromsufficienttomeettheirobligationsinexternaltrade.
Chapter2
I.Answerthefollowingquestions
(Omited)
II.Fillingtheblankswiththesuitablewordsinthetext:
1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent,foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;
6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets;9.joint,venture;10.subsidiary
III.TranslatethefollowingsintoEnglish
1).Economicactivitybeganwiththecavemen,whowaseconomically
self-sufficient.Hedidhisownhunting,foundhisownshelter,andprovidedforhis
ownneeds.Asprimitivepopulationsgrewanddeveloped,theprincipleofdivisionof
laborevolved.Onepersonwasmoreabletoperformsomeactivitythananother,and
thereforeeachpersonconcentratedonwhathedidbest.Whileonehunted,another
fished.Thehunterthentradedhissurplustothefisherman,andeachbenefitedfrom
thevarietyofdiet.
Intoday’scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsare
self-sufficientnationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomic
resources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationof
internationaltradeandeconomicactivities.
Foreigntrade,theexchangeofgoodsbetweennations,takesplaceformany
reasons.Thefirst,asmentionedabove,isthatnonationhasallofthecommodities
thanitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.Largedepositsofcopper
areminedinPeruandZaire,diamondsareminedinSouthAfrica,andpetroleumis
recoveredinMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirown
boundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.
Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofa
particularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerof
sugar,itconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.
Third,onenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japan
hasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcan
producethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStates
tobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.
Finally,foreigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.Eventhoughthe
UnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountry,itstillimportslarge
quantitiesofautosfromGermany,JapanandSweden,primarilybecausethereisa
marketforthemintheUnitedStates.
2).Thedifferentkindsoftradenationsengagedinarevariedandcomplex,a
mixtureofvisibleandinvisibletrade.Mostnationsaremoredependentonexports
thanonanyotheractivity.Theearningsfromexportspayfortheimportsthatthey
needandwant.Anation’sbalanceofpaymentisarecordofthesecomplex
transactions.Byreflectingallofthesetransactionsinmonetaryterms,anationisable
tocombinetheincomeitreceives,forexample,fromexports,touristsexpenditures,
andimmigrantremittances.Thiscombinedincomesisthenspentonsuchitemsas
manufacturedgoodsfromothercountries,travelforitscitizenstoothercountries,and
thehiringofconstructionengineers.
Chapter3
I.TranslatethefollowingsfromChineseintoEnglish:
1termsofpayment2writtenformofcontract
3executionofthecontract4salescontract
5purchaseconfirmation6termsoftransaction
7tradingpartners8thesettingupofacontract
9tradeagreement10consignmentcontract
11thecontractproper12extensionofthecontract
13thecontractingparties14specialclause
15generaltermsandconditions
II.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:
1Acontractisanagreementwhichsetsforthbindobligationsoftherelevant
parties.Andanypartthatfailstofulfillhiscontractualobligationsmaybesuedand
forcedtomakecompensation.
2Therearetwopartiesofbusinesscontractnegotiations:
oralandwritten.The
formerreferstodirectdiscussionsabroad;writtennegotiationsoftenbeginwith
enquiriesmadebythebuyers.
3Awrittencontractisgenerallypreparedandsignedastheproofoftheagreement
andasthebasisforitsexecution.Asalesorpurchaseconfirmationislessdetailed
thanacontract,coveringonlyth