专题1 第2讲 阅读理解 之 推理判断题.docx
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专题1第2讲阅读理解之推理判断题
第二部分专题一第3讲
【真题达标组】
A
(2019浙江卷,B)
Moneywithnostringsattached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”
Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject.“Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.
“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost.”Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.
Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.
“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”
1.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inParagraph1mean?
A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.
B.Moneynotlegallymade.
C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.
D.Moneynottiedtogether.
2.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?
A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.
B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.
C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.
D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.
3.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?
A.Todoatestonpeople'smorals.
B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.
C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.
D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.
【语篇解读】本文简单介绍了TylerBridges在洛杉矶发起的TheToolbox及其影响、意义。
1.C 句义猜测题。
nostringsattached指“无附加条件”;withoutconditions意为“无条件”,故选C。
后文“GiveWhatYouCan”也可体现。
2.B 推理判断题。
根据第二段中的“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economicbackgroundsgaveandtook”可知有各种人都参与到了这个项目中,甚至包含新娘。
3.D 推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.”可知这个项目的主要目的是鼓励人们心存善意、伸出援手。
B
(2018全国卷Ⅲ,D)
Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?
ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.
Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchildrentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).
Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:
Howdowemakeitahabitforthem?
Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?
Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotestmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoywouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismouth,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwastimetomoveontolunch.
Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.
4.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inParagraph1Probablymean?
A.Themore,thebetter.
B.Enoughisenough.
C.Moremoney,moreworries.
D.Earnmoreandspendmore.
5.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?
A.Savingupforherholiday.
B.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl.
C.Addingthemoneytoherfund.
D.Givingthemoneytoasickmother.
6.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?
A.Totryoutanidea.
B.Toshowaparent'slove.
C.Totrainhisattention.
D.Tohelphimstartahobby.
7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.TakeItorLeaveIt
B.ALessonfromKids
C.LiveMorewithLess
D.ThePleasureofGiving
【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文,讲述了作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具,并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
4.A 词义猜测题。
根据文章第一段最后一句“…IcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.”可以推断出,人们通常认为越多越好。
故选A。
5.C 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段中“Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)…”可知,当“我们”承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时,她同意了卖玩具。
故选C。
6.A 细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段最后一句“Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.”表明,跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。
故选A。
7.C 主旨大意题。
根据文章第一段可知,作者想要教会孩子“howtolivemorewithless”,而接下来的第二、三段是作者的尝试,故C作标题适合。
C
(2018浙江卷,B)
StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe'sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.
Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.
Amongthebagmakers'argument:
manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.
Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:
reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.
Environmentalistsdon'tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.
8.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?
A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.
B.Recyclethewastematerial.
C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.
D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.
9.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inParagraph2referto?
A.Bansonplasticbags.
B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.
C.Headachescausedbygarbage.
D.Plasticbagshungintrees.
10.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?
A.Theyarequiteexpensive.
B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.
C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.
D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.
11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Plastic,PaperorNeither
B.Industry,PollutionandEnvironment
C.RecycleorThrowAway
D.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl
【语篇解读】本文讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子相比是否污染更大。
一些人认为可以回收的袋子虽然很容易回收,但需要更多的能量来生产和运输,从这个角度来说,哪一个更环保还不能轻易确定。
8.D 细节理解题。
根据第二段的“…plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.”可知,塑料袋制造商正在雇佣像斯坦这样的科学家,以证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样坏,所以他是被雇佣来争取解除塑料袋使用禁令的,因此答案是D。
9.A 词义猜测题。
根据第二段第三句“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.”可知,在加利福尼亚的90个城市禁止使用塑料袋,包括洛杉矶,所以本句的headwinds应该表示“对塑料袋禁令”,所以答案是A。
10.D 细节理解题。
根据第三段的“Amongthebagmakers'arguments:
manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.”可知,在制袋商的争论中:
许多城市仍然允许购物者购买纸袋,纸袋很容易回收,但需要更多的能量来生产和运输。
所以答案是D。
11.A 主旨大意题。
根据整篇文章来看,主要是讨论塑料袋和可以回收的袋子哪一个更环保,所以题目应该选择A:
Plastic,PaperorNeither。
【模拟提能组】
A
(江西新余四中2020届高三年级暑假检测)
WhatTheresaLoeisdoingprovesthatalargefarmisn'taprerequisiteforamoderngrow-your-ownlifestyle.Onamere1/10ofanacreinLosAngeles,Loeandherfamilygrow,can(装罐)andpreservemuchofthefoodtheyconsume.
Loeisamasterfoodpreserver,gardenerandcanningexpert.Shealsooperatesawebsite,wheresheshareshertipsandrecipes,withthegoalofdemonstratingthateveryonehastheabilitytocontrolwhat'sontheirplate.
Loeinitiallywenttoschooltobecomeanengineer,butshequicklylearnedthatherenthusiasmwasmainlyaboutgrowingandpreparingherownfood.“Gotintocookingmyownfoodandstartedgrowingmyownherbs(香草)andfoodsforthatfreshflavor,”shesaid.Engineerbyday,Loelearnedcookingatnightschool.Sheultimatelypurchasedasmallpieceoflandwithherhusbandandbegangrowingtheirownfoods.
“Iteachpeoplehowtolivefarm-freshwithoutafarm,”Loesaid.ThroughherwebsiteLoeemphasizesthat“anybodycandothisanywhere.”Gotanapartmentwithabalcony(阳台)?
Plantsomeherbs.Awindowperfectspotforgrowing.Startwithherbs,sherecommends,because“they'reveryforgiving.”Justalittleoftheherbs“cantakeyourregularcookingtoawholenewlevel,”sheadded.“Ithinkit'sagreatplacetostart.”“Thentrygrowingsomething