第五讲 初中英语中考考点之定语从句详解附练习.docx

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第五讲 初中英语中考考点之定语从句详解附练习.docx

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第五讲 初中英语中考考点之定语从句详解附练习.docx

第五讲初中英语中考考点之定语从句详解附练习

第五讲定语从句

考点追击

1.概念

定语从句是在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句

先行词是定语从句所修饰的词(可能是名词,也可能是代词),定语从句放在其后面。

关系代词有that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)

关系副词有where,when、why

关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)常有三个作用:

1、引导定语从句(放于先行词与定语从句之间)2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(可以做宾语或主语)

2.实例

1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

3.重点点拨:

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

注意:

(去掉黑体字部分就是主句,黑体字部分是从句,在从句中,areplayingfootball缺少主语,所以who在句子做主语,即从句缺少什么成分就做什么成分)

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.

注意:

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.(划线部分是主句)

3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

(在句子中做宾语)

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(当先行词与从句的主语存在所属关系时,必须用whose)

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(划线部分存在所属关系)

(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.(划线部分存在所属关系)

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

注:

that用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

(b)介词后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(因为有from,所以不能用that)

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.

(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。

(b)在不定代词,如:

anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。

(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。

(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。

.

(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。

(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.

(g)为了避免重复.

(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略

(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时

举例:

Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.

Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

三、关系副词引导定语从句

关系副词关系副词:

在句中作状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)

1.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

2.when引导定语从句表示时间。

在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。

BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.

到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。

Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。

每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。

3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意:

关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

注:

1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.

Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

中考难点

注意:

短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词.

1.直接用延续性动词buy–have;borrow—keep;become—be;puton--wear

2.转换成be+名词gotoschool–beastudent

3转换成be+形容词或副词

die—bedead;finish–beover;begin/start—beon;leave—beaway;fallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosedcometo/goto/arriveat(in)+某地—bein(at)+某地marry—bemarriedreturn—bebackgetup—beup

4.转换成be+介词短语gotoschool–beinschool;getup_beup;

练习

小试牛刀

下列用that,which,,who,whom,whose填空。

1.       Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.主语

2.       Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.宾语

3.       Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.宾

4.       Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.宾

5.       Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.宾

6.   Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.

7.   Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.

8.   Thebook_______isonthetableismine.

9.   Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.

10.   Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?

11.   Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.

12.   Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.

中考直通车

1.—Alan,it’slate.Whynotgotobed?

—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.Iforher

练习

(一)

请分析一下定语从句:

(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)

3、单项选择

1.I’llneverforgetthelesson______lastyear.

A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearned

C.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned

2.Theyounglady_____isinterviewingLinZhixuanabouttheprogramIamasingerisfrom21stCenturyTalentNet.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

3.—Whatareyoulookingfor?

—I’mlookingforthewatch_______Iboughtyesterday.

A.whichB.whoC.whose

4.IlovetheschoolIhavestudiedinforthreeyears.

A.whereB.whenC.that

5.Themovie_______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.

A.thatB.whatC.whoseD.who

6.Teenagerslikereadingthebooks________arewrittenbyGuoJingming.

A.whoB.whatC.whoseD.that

7.--DoyouknowMoYan?

—Ofcourse.Heisthefamouswriter____wontheNobelPrizein2012.

A.whoB.whomC.which

8.Moststudentsliketheteachersunderstandthemwell.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.when

9.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers________IvisitedinLondonyearsago.

A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which

10.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______I’veevervisited.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what

11.Thisistheschool_______wevisitedlastyear.

A.thatB.whereC.whoD.whose

12.—Doyouknowthegirl_______withourEnglishteacheroften?

—Yes,hernameisHelen.

A.whomtotalkB.whotalksC.whoistalkingD.whomtalks

13.Amyhas_________

A.longbrownhairB.brownlonghair

C.longbrownhairsD.brownlonghairs

14.Beingblindissomething_________mostpeoplecan’timagine.

A.whoB.whatC.thatD.whom

15.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.

A.whenB.whichD.whereD.that

16.Afriendissomeone______says,“What!

Youtoo?

IthoughtIwastheonlyone!

A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose

17.Iknowaplace__wecanhaveabigmeal.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what

18.---Whodoyouthinkistheman__________firstflewintospaceinChina?

---YangLiweiis.

A./B.whoC.thatD.whom

19.---Therearemanyvolunteers______arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.

---Andmostofthemarecollegestudents.

A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.who

20.------Look,it’sthemostbeautifulpark___________I’veevervisitedbefore.

-----Really?

HowIwishtogotoseeitformyself!

.

A.thatB.whichC.whomD.who

21.Wedislikepeople______talkmuchbutneverdoanything.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose

22.Agovernmentisagroupofpeople______makedecisionsaboutthewaypeoplelive.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whatever

23.Therearemanyvolunteers_________arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.why

24.—Whodoyouwanttotalkwithattheendofthespeech?

—Theman_________MrWhite.

A.theycallB.calledhimselfC.callshimselfD.iscalled

25.Agraduationceremonyisacustomtakesplacestudentsgraduatefromaschool.

A.which;whenB.that;whoC.which;whoseD.that;which

26.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______I’veevervisited.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what

27.Ithinkthisisthemostinterestingthing_____hashappenedtous.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who

28.Successwillbelongtothose___neversayimpossible..

A.whomB.whoC.thatD.which

 

30.Doyounoticetheman______issittingunderthetree?

Heisournewteacher.

A.thatB.whoC.whom

31.Therearemanyvolunteers_________arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.

A.whichB.whenC.whoD.why

32.Shelikesthemusic_____shelikestosingalongwith.

A.thatB.inwhichC.whatD.who

33.Icanrememberwellsomepicturesandthepersons________Isawintheroom.

A.whomB.whoC.thatD.which

34.---Isthewoman________walkedpastjustnowyourteacher?

---Yes.Sheteaches________English.

A.that,ourB.who,usC.who,ourD.which,us

35.Taketheadvice________isgivenbyDr.White.

A.whoB.whichC.whose

36.SoYoung,themovie______wasfilmedinNanjing,isoninmanycities.

A.whichB.whatC.whoD.when

37.Peopleoftenlikeclothescanmakethemcomfortable.

A.whenB.whoC.thatD.where

38.Johnistheboy________legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.

A.whoseB.thatC.who

39.Couldyoutellme_________findanotherinterestingdetectivestorytoread?

A.whereIcanB.wherecanIC.whereIcouldD.wherecouldI

40.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_______Imet

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