book 5 unit 1 课时作业2.docx

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book5unit1课时作业2

课时作业

(二)

SectionⅡ LearningaboutLanguage

&UsingLanguage

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

DoyousupposeDarwin,oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,reallydidfoolishexperiments?

Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?

Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowntheanswertoaquestionorthesolutiontoaproblem.Sometimes,theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution,butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant.

CharlesDarwindidn’tsettlefor(满足于)justthinkingheknewsomething.Andhebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.

Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape.Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace,theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatightlittleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets.Whathappens?

Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn’tbeworthanything.

Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant.ItexplainspartofourpresentdayunderstandingsofphysicsthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics.

Scientistssometimesstoptolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem.Eventhesimplestidea,whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience.

语篇解读:

最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。

1.ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin________.

A.wasagreatEnglishscientist

B.alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficult

C.thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportant

D.didn’tgetonwellwithothers

答案:

C

解析:

推理判断题。

短文并没有说CharlesDarwin是哪个国家的科学家,可排除A;由第二段可知别人认为Darwin的许多实验太简单不值得做,可把B排除;文中没有论述Darwin与别人相处的事情,可排除D。

由第三段中“hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.”可推出答案C。

2.Theunderlinedphrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans________.

A.throwaway    B.storeup

C.puttouseD.realize

答案:

A

解析:

词义猜测题。

由上文可知作者认为做这个简单实验是重要的,它解释了目前人们对于物理方面的部分理解。

因此这些理解当然是推翻了一些希腊古典物理学的观点。

由此可推知setaside与throwaway同义。

3.Theauthorofthepassagetriesto________.

A.convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworld

B.drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethings

C.provethattwosheetsofpaper,withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeed

Ddrawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningaroundus

答案:

D

解析:

主旨大意题。

短文的最后一段点明最简单的事情都可能动摇科学的根基,意在告诉读者要留意身边的每一件事,哪怕它非常简单。

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments.

B.Accordingtosomepeople,Darwindidfoolishexperiments.

C.Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemedtobesimple.

D.GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.

答案:

B

解析:

细节理解题。

短文第一段第二句“Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?

”明确告诉我们,有些人认为Darwin做了愚蠢的实验。

B

CharlesDickenswasbornonFebruary7,1812,thesonofJohnandElizabethDickens.JohnDickenswasaclerkintheNavalPayOffice.Hehadapoorheadforfinances,andfinallyfoundhimselfimprisonedfordebt.

Whenthefamilypaidoffthedebtandhisfatherwassetfree,thetwelveyearoldDickens,alreadyhurtbytheexperience,wasfurtherwoundedbyhismother’sinsistencethathecontinuedtoworkatWarren’sBlackingFactory.

Hisfather,however,rescuedhimfromthatfate(命运),andbetween1824and1827DickenswasadaypupilataschoolinLondon.Atfifteen,hefoundemploymentasanofficeboyatalawyer’s,whilehestudiedshorthand(速记法)atnight.HisworkmemoriesattheBlackingFactoryenteredhismindrepeatedlyallofhislife-hespokeofitonlytohiswifeandtohisclosestfriend,JohnForster-butthedarksecretbecameasourceofcreativeenergywiththethemesofalienation(离间)andbetrayalwhichwouldappearmostlyinDavidCopperfieldandinGreatExpectations.

In1829hebecameareporteratDoctor’sCommonsCourts,andin1830hemetandfellinlovewithMariaBeadnell,thedaughterofabanker.By1832hehadbecomeaverysuccessfulreporterofParliamentarydebatesintheHouseofCommons,andbeganworkasareporterforanewspaper.

In1833hisrelationshipwithMariaBeadnellended,probablybecauseherparentsdidnotthinkhimagoodmatch.Inthesameyearhisfirstpublishedstoryappeared,andwasfollowed,veryshortlythereafter,byanumberofotherstoriesandsketches(短剧).In1834,stillanewspaperreporter,headoptedthesoontobefamouspenname“Boz”.Hispoorfather,whowastheoriginalofMr.MicawberinDavidCopperfield,wasonceagainarrestedfordebt,andCharleswasforcedtocometohisaid.Laterinhislifebothofhisparentsandhisbrotherswerefrequentlyafterhimformoney.

语篇解读:

2012年2月7日是狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念日。

本文介绍了狄更斯早期的生活以及对他的作品的影响。

5.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Charles’fatheronceworkedattheBlackingFactory.

B.Charles’motherwaskindtohim.

C.Charlesdidn’tliketoworkattheBlackingFactory.

D.Charlesmadealotofmoneybyworking.

答案:

C

解析:

推理判断题。

分析第二段尤其是最后一句中的furtherwounded可知,狄更新根本不喜欢在Warren’sBlackingFactory工作。

6.WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatMaria’sparents________.

A.thoughtCharleswouldbecomefamous

B.werenotsatisfiedwithCharles

C.hadtogiveintoMariaandCharles

D.decidedtomarrytheirdaughtertoCharles

答案:

B

解析:

推理判断题。

分析最后一段“In1833hisrelationshipwithMariaBeadnellended,probablybecauseherparentsdidnotthinkhimagoodmatch.”可知,玛利亚的父母认为狄更斯配不上他们的女儿,显然他们不喜欢狄更斯。

7.Accordingtothetext,CharlesDickens________.

A.wasthesonofapersongoodatfinances

B.wasanewspaperreporterfrom1829to1834

C.wrotehisfatherintohisbookGreatExpectations

D.seldomtalkedabouthislifeattheBlackingFactory

答案:

D

解析:

细节理解题。

文章第三段说,他在那家工厂的记忆在一生中都在脑海中不断地浮现,而这些他只跟他妻子和最好的朋友说起过,可见D项是正确的。

8.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectordertodescribeCharles’lifeaccordingtothetext?

①CharlesDickenswasadaypupilataschoolinLondon.

②CharlesDickenshadhisfirststorypublished.

③CharlesDickensbecameareporteratDoctor’sCommonsCourts.

④CharlesDickenscontinuedtoworkatWarren’sBlackingFactory.

⑤CharlesDickensadoptedthepenname“Boz”.

A.①④③⑤②    B.④①③②⑤

C.④①②③⑤D.①②③④⑤

答案:

B

解析:

细节理解题。

从第二、三段可知,狄更斯首先在Warren’sBlackingFactory做工,随后成为伦敦一所学校的一名学生(1824~1827)。

从第四段可知,1829年,他成了areporteratDoctor’sCommonCourts,从最后一段第一、二句可知,他1833年发表第一部作品,1834年,使用了Boz这一笔名。

故选B。

Ⅱ.短文改错

(2013·嘉兴市一中期中考试)

Recently,ourschoolhasheldthemeaningfuldiscussiononwhetheritisreasonableformiddleschoolstudentstohaveclassesonweekends.Someofourclassmatesbelieveweshouldhaveclassesonweekendsbecausewecanmakefullyuseofthefreetimetoreviewthelessonswehadlearnt.Someothersareagainsttheopinion,sayingwehadbettertohaveagoodrestonweekendssothatwecanworkeffectiveduringtheweekdays.Therestagreewithneitheroftheopinion.Theyhavetheviewwhichkeepingthebalancebetweenworkandplayarebothimportantforus.Theysuggestonedayoftheweekendshouldusedtolearnourlessonsandduringtheotherdaywedosomethinginterestedorhavearest.

答案:

Recently,ourschoolhasheld

meaningfuldiscussiononwhetheritisreasonableformiddleschoolstudentstohaveclassesonweekends.Someofourclassmatesbelieveweshouldhaveclassesonweekendsbecausewecanmake

useofthefreetimetoreviewthelessonswe

learnt.Someothersareagainsttheopinion,sayingwehadbetter

haveagoodrestonweekendssothatwecanwork

duringtheweekdays.Therestagreewithneitherofthe

.Theyhavetheview

keepingthebalancebetweenworkandplay

bothimportantforus.Theysuggestonedayoftheweekendshould

usedtolearnourlessonsandduringtheotherdaywedosomething

orhavearest.

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2011·湖南卷改编)

Doesgoingtocollegereallypayoff?

Certainly!

Iremembertaking__1__Englishclassincollegeontheshort.Ourfirstassignmentwastoread__2__shortstoriesandthendiscusswhichonewasbetter.After__3__(read)both,Iwasn’tsure.Overthe__4__severalmonths,myprofessortaughtme__5__onestorywassomuchbetterthantheother.__6__wasrichinmetaphor(隐喻)andcharacterdevelopment,__7__theotherwashumorous__8__tooshallow.Icouldn’tseethisatfirst.Yet,inafewmonths,mybraingotreeducatedand____9____couldseethedifferencebetweengoodandbadwritingandcouldappreciateliteratureatawholenewlevel.

Goingtocollegehelpsbuildastrongmind,whichleads__10__greatersuccessinone’slife.

1.________ 2.________ 3.________

4.________ 5.________ 6.________

7.________ 8.________ 9.________

10.________

语篇解读:

本文作者通过与读者分享自己大学时期老师如何教会自己欣赏文章,告诉大家上大学有用,很值。

1.答案:

an

解析:

考查冠词。

class此处为可数名词单数形式,其前须用冠词。

再根据此处表泛指,而English是以元音音素开头,故填an。

2.答案:

two

解析:

考查数词。

根据本句中“whichonewasbetter”以及下文“After...both”中both的提示可推断此处表示“两个短篇故事”,故填two。

3.答案:

reading

解析:

考查动名词。

after是介词,括号中所给的词是动词,故只能填动名词reading。

4.答案:

next

解析:

考查形容词。

根据该空修饰名词months,应填形容词,再由语境可知,此处表示“在接下来的几个月”,故填next。

5.答案:

why

解析:

考查名词性从句引导词。

根据上文“discusswhichonewasbetter”可推断,教授是给我们讲解为什么其中一个故事要比另一个故事好,故填why。

6.答案:

One

解析:

考查不定代词。

由语境可知,故事有两个,再根据习惯搭配“one...theother...”可推断填One。

7.答案:

while

解析:

考查并列连词,while表示前后对比的意思。

8.答案:

but

解析:

考查连词。

根据“humorous”和“tooshallow”在逻辑上的转折关系可推断,此处填连词but连接两个形容词。

9.答案:

I

解析:

考查人称代词。

根据该空在句中作主语可判断应填名词或代词。

结合语境可知该空应指作者本人,故填I。

10.答案:

to

解析:

考查介词。

leadto为固定搭配,意为“导致”。

Ⅳ.语篇翻译

如今,科学家们提出(putforward)人们应更多注意水污染(pollute)问题。

然而,在过去人们不会把疾病和水污染联系(link...to)在一起。

1854年,伦敦发生了严重霍乱。

很多医生怀疑(suspect)被污染的水是罪魁祸首(blame)。

通过分析(analyse)这些事实,约翰·斯诺证明脏水导致严重的(severe)疾病。

因此政府指令(instruct)人们饮用干净的水。

通过历史,我们可以得出结论(drawaconclusion):

一个良好的、无污染的环境对人们的健康和生活的改善是很重要的。

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