解读13年白皮松的播种方法及技巧.docx
《解读13年白皮松的播种方法及技巧.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《解读13年白皮松的播种方法及技巧.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![解读13年白皮松的播种方法及技巧.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-2/23/9061a8bb-fb67-41cd-8bc9-8eafe3f77c28/9061a8bb-fb67-41cd-8bc9-8eafe3f77c281.gif)
解读13年白皮松的播种方法及技巧
解读13年白皮松的播种方法及技巧
Interpretationofthe13yearsofpinusbungeanaseedingmethodsandtechniques
白皮松麦苗成长缓慢,宜密植,如需持续培养大标准大苗,则在定植前还要通过2至3次移栽。
两年生苗可在早春顶芽没有萌发前带土移栽,株行距20至60厘米,不伤顶芽,栽后连浇两次水,6至7天后再洒水,若为裸根移栽,移植过程中要保护好根系。
4至5年生苗,可进行第2次带土球移栽,株行距60至120厘米。
成活后要坚持树根周围土壤疏松,每株施腐熟有机肥100至120公斤,埋土后浇透水,之后加强办理,推进成长,培养壮苗.
Whitewheatseedinggrowthslow,appropriatedensity,ifyouwanttocontinuetodevelopstandardwent,thenitwillby2to3timesbeforeengraftmenttransplanting.Twoyearseedlingsintheearlyspringshootapexwithouttakingsoiltransplantingbeforegermination,plantspacingbetween20and60centimeters,itdoesnothurtcrown,wateredtwiceevenafterplanted,6to7days,sprinkleragain,ifofnakedroottransplanting,transplantprocesstoprotectthegoodroots.4to5yearslivingseedling,transplanting,secondzonecanbe60to120centimetersapart.Survivalafterinsistonloosesoilaroundtheroots,rottenorganicfertilizerratesfrom100to120kg,ofaburiedsoilafterwaterflooding,afterstrengthening,promotinggrowth,cultivatingstrongseedling.
依据圃地土壤情况,拟定上肥办法。
圃地土壤营养缺啥补啥,如红土和酸性沙土中磷、钾供给缺乏,要增施磷、钾肥。
华北地区褐色土壤中氮、磷供给缺乏,上肥时要以氮、磷肥为主,不施或少施钾肥。
粘质土壤的通透性差,温度低、湿度大,属冷性土,要多施有机肥,以改进其物理性状。
上肥时宜选用马粪、羊粪等热性肥料,上肥程度宜浅不宜深。
沙土有机质含量少,质地疏松,通透性强,湿度低,温度高,属热性土,团粒结构缺乏,保水保肥力差,可多施有机肥,宜选用猪粪、牛粪等冷性肥料。
追肥时要少数屡次,宜浅不宜深。
Basedonthesoilsoilconditions,formulateShangFeimethod.Soilsoilnutritionlackwhatfillwhat,suchassand,clayandacidphosphorusandpotassiuminthelackofsupply,increasingpandkapplication.InnorthChinathelackofsupplyofnitrogenandphosphorusinthesoil,brownShangFeitogiveprioritytowithnitrogen,phosphate,noorlesspotassiumapplication.Thepermeabilityofclayeysoilispoor,lowtemperature,humidity,coldearth,moreorganicfertilizer,toimproveitsphysicalproperties.ShangFeitimeselectsthehorsedung,sheepdung,suchasthermalfertilizer,ShangFeidegreeappropriatelightshouldsnotbedeep.Sandysoilorganicmattercontentless,soft,permeabilityisstrong,lowhumidity,hightemperature,heatofsoil,thelackofgranularstructure,theretentionoffertilityispoor,canbemoreorganicfertilizer,appropriatechoosescoldpig,cowdungfertilizer.Accordingtoahandfulofrepeated,appropriatelightshouldsnotbedeep.
白皮松麦苗怕涝,应选用高床育苗,育苗地要选平坦、有排灌条件的沙壤土或壤土地块。
重粘土地、盐碱土地、低洼积水地不宜作育苗地。
Pinusbungeanadifferencesoafraidofwaterlogging,shouldchoosehighseedlingbed,seedlingtochooseflatplotsofsiltyloamorloam,irrigationanddrainageconditions.Heavyclay,salinelands,low-lyingwaterisunfavorableforseedling.
土壤消毒
Soildisinfection
整地前每亩撒施10公斤硫酸亚铁粉末,翻入土中进行灭菌消毒土壤消毒。
(苗床整理好后,在床面上30cm深的土壤内,用敌可松、高锰酸钾或75%的代森锰锌等,1200倍液灌溉消毒。
注:
应在耕种前20天进行)(熟地中常有很多的立枯病菌,育苗前有必要进行土壤消毒,通常在播前5~10d,每平方米苗床喷洒1.5%福尔马林稀释液或1%硫酸亚铁溶液5kg左右,湿透土层10~15cm。
或在整地作床前每亩撒施硫酸亚铁20kg,翻入土中进行灭菌消毒)。
Sitepreparationbeforebroadcasting10kilogramspermuferroussulfatepowder,turnforsoilsterilizationdisinfectiondisinfection.(aftertidyupthebed,30cmdeepinthesoilonthesurfaceofthebed,withtheenemycanloose,potassiumpermanganate,or75%mancozeb,1200timesliquidwaterdisinfection.Note:
shouldbeinfarmingfor20daysbefore)(cultivatedlandoftenhavealotofdeadbacteria,seedlingisnecessarybeforethesoildisinfection,usually5~10dbeforesowing,everysquaremetreseedbedspraying1.5%formalindiluentor1%ferroussulfatesolution5kg,10~15cm.Wetsoilorinthesitepreparationforbroadcastingferroussulfate20kgpermubeforebed,turnoverthegraveofdisinfection).
秋翻地,深度25—30厘米,春耙地2次,深度15厘米左右,联系翻、耙别离施入腐熟的厩肥各5000千克,如腐熟的圈肥、堆肥等,也可将过磷酸钙与饼肥或土杂肥等混合运用,作用非常好。
以满意树苗成长期对营养的需求。
土地整好后,做成南北向畦田,畦埂高25厘米,畦宽1米,以备耕种。
QiuFan,depthof25--30cm,springharrowfor2times,15cmdepth,contactturn,rakeseparationintotherottenmanure5000kgeach,suchasrottenbarnyardmanure,compostandsoon,alsocanmixsuperphosphateandcakefertilizerorweuse,theeffectisverygood.Onsatisfactorysaplinggrowthdemandfornutrition.Landafterthewholegood,makethenorth-southbordercheck,ridgesfor25cmtall,stripwidth1m,inweredifferent.
育苗地要深翻平坦细耙,施足底肥,亩施腐熟有机肥料1500kg或尿素20kg、磷肥50kg后,进行作床。
土地整好后,做成南北高垄。
垄高20cm,垄宽1.2m,垄距离50cm,长度不限,以地而定,整好待用。
需求土壤细绵,水道疏通.
Seedlingtothecommuneflatrake,fertilizers,shimushirottenorganicfertilizerurea20kg,1500kgor50kgphosphatefertilizer,tomakeabed.Landafterthewholegood,north-southhighridge.Ridge20cmhigh,1.2mwide,theridgeridgedistanceis50cm,unlimitedlength,asin,thewholegood.Soilthincottondemand,waterwaydredging.
白皮松种壳坚固,发芽缓慢,秋播易遭鼠害,通常都采纳春播。
Pinusbungeanashellsolid,germinatingslowly,autumnsowingvulnerabletorat,usuallyadoptspringsowing.
种子精选:
种子应选籽粒丰满,无病虫灾的当年新鲜种子。
用清水浸种2个小时,然后把上浮的次种子捞出不必,所沉下的悉数都是好种子,捞出晒干待消毒催芽。
Seedselection:
choosethegrainplump,nodisasterwhenthefreshseedsofdiseasesandpests.Soakedwithwaterfortwohours,andthenscoopouttheseedsdon'thavetothebuoyancyofthetime,allaregoodseedsfallby,takeitouttodryfordisinfectionsprouting.
消毒催芽:
要用波尔多液浸种消毒,播前用温水(50℃至60℃)浸种催芽或混沙层积催芽,咧嘴种子数到达种子总数的50%时即可耕种。
这样出苗壮且规整,通常在15至20天即可出土发芽。
Seeddisinfection,disinfectionsprouting:
withbordeauxmixturewithwarmwaterbeforeplantingseedsprouting(50℃to60℃)ormixedsandbedsprouting,grinningseedsreached50%ofthetotalseedcultivation.Suchahealthyandorderly,usuallyin15to20dayscanbeexcavated.
麦苗较耐荫,去掉薄膜后应随即盖上遮阴网,到4月中旬,罩上50%遮阳网,避免日灼。
高架遮阳网的处置:
当年生小苗最怕阳光直射,致使成长不良,针叶发黄,所以苗出齐后有必要上遮阳网,9月中旬小苗半木质化后,再拆去遮阳网,到第二年5月中旬上彀,8月中旬拆网,若是按以上办法精心办理和维护,通常两年生的小苗均长到25-35cm高度,比不上遮阳网二年生苗长高出一倍。
Shouldbeimmediatelyafterthedifferencefromtheshade,removethefilmcovershadenet,bythemiddleofApril,50%sun-shadenetcover,toavoidburning.Elevatedsun-shadenetdisposal:
whentheyfearmostdirectsunlight,causepoorgrowth,acerolayellow,soafterseedlingoutnecessarysun-shadenet,inmid-septemberseedlingsafterhalflignification,downsun-shadenetagain,feedthemontothesecondyearinmid-may,mid-augustopennetwork,ifitishandledaccordingtotheabovewaycarefullyandmaintenance,usuallyoftwoyearseedlingswereto25-35cmhigh,longassun-shadenetbiennialseedlingstwiceaslong.
洒水:
出苗前不宜洒水,待树苗出齐后在久旱不雨或夏日高温要及时洒水,下雨或遇旱洒水后要进行松土保墒、避免土壤板结。
在树苗成长前期,为避免日灼损害,采纳少浇勤洒水,以利下降地表温度。
除在上肥、打药、喷洒除草剂时需求洒水外,通常坚持表土适度湿润,不宜洒水过多,土壤过湿或圃地积水,易发作松苗立枯病。
速生期遇特别干旱气候,应当令灌溉2—3次抗旱水,并且要浇足浇透,以利于推进树苗敏捷成长。
Sprinklingwatersprinkler:
beforetheemergenceofunfavorable,stayoutinthelongdroughtrainornotafterthesummerhightemperaturetotimelywatering,aftertherainorwaterindroughtscarificationkeepmoisture,preventsoilharden.Intheearlyseedlinggrowth,inordertoavoidburningdamage,adoptlessfrequentlysprinkler,anddecreasedthesurfacetemperature.InadditiontoShangFeisprinklingwaterspray,sprayinsecticide,herbicidewhendemand,adheretothesurfacesoilmoderatemoist,usuallyshouldsnotbetoomuchwater,soilmoistureandsoilwater,pronetomakelooseMiaoLiblight.Fast-growingperiodindroughtclimateinparticular,shouldmakeirrigation2-3timesofdrought,waterneedstobewateredenoughtosoak,andquickhelppromoteseedlinggrowth.
除草:
撒播苗拔草后要恰当覆土,以防裂缝。
条播苗除草和松土联系进行,间苗和补苗同时并举,除草要把握除早、除小、除净的准则,株间除草用手拔,以防损伤麦苗。
Weeding,seedingseedlingsafterpullingweedstooverburdensoil,appropriatetopreventcracks.Contactseedingseedlingsweedingandscarification,thinningoutandfillthegapswithseedlingsandatthesametime,theweedingtograspinadditiontopurgeoutearly,inadditiontosmallandcriterion,weedingbyhanddrawnbetweenstrains,incaseofdamagetowheatseeding.
苗期要及时除草,白皮松育苗地可采纳化学药剂除草,通常在当出苗后、苗期再喷洒一次50%捕草净0.2—0.3克(每平方米),可悉数消除育苗地杂草,对树苗安全无害。
(也可每亩运用扑草净125克加25%的可湿性除草醚250克兑水25kg,用喷雾器洒在垄面行间上除草。
Seedlingstagetoweedcontrolintime,thepinusbungeanaseedlingscanadoptchemicalweedcontrol,usuallyinseedlingstageafteremergence,sprayingagain50%netfishinggrass-0.2to0.3gramspersquaremeter),canalleliminateweedsseedling,saplingharmless.(alsocanbeusedperacreprometryn125gramsofwettabilityweedingetherand25%against250gramsof25kgofwater,andsprinklewithsprayontheridgesurfaceinter-rowweeds.