中考英语语法复习之宾语从句详解.docx
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中考英语语法复习之宾语从句详解
宾语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
它是众多从句中的一员,在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:
Iknowtheman.
而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:
Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.
主句引导词从句
宾语从句三大块:
1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;2.宾语从句的语序;3.宾语从句的时态。
Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词
1.陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
如:
MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1.Iknow…
2.Shesays…
3.Tellyourfriend…
(that)
1.Thisisabook.
2.Youlikesinging.
3.Heworkedlastnight.
4.Theywillgohome.
2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。
如:
(1)IsJimagoodstudent?
Idon’tknow
Idon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.
(2)DoesKategetupearly?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1.Doyouknow…
2.Iwanttoknow…
3.Theteacherasks…
if/whether
1.Ishereading?
2.Doyougetupatsix?
3.DoesTomworkhard?
4.DidyouwatchTV?
5.Willtheyreadbooks?
6.Canyousing?
注意:
只能用whether不用if的三种情况
•一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
•①与ornot连用:
HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.
•②在介词之后:
Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings
•③在不定式之前:
Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.
3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。
如:
1.Whatisshedoing?
Canyoutellme?
Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?
2.Wheredoesshelive?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknowwhereshelives?
用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:
1.Doyouknow…
2.Iwanttoknow…
3.Canyoutellme…
1.Whatisthis?
2.Whatareyoudoing?
3.Wheredoyoulive?
4.Whendoeshegetup?
5.Howdidyougotowork?
6.Whowillyouplaywith?
Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
句式
连词
语序
例句
陈述句
That
不变
Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.
一般疑问句
if/whether
改为陈述语序
Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
HeaskedwhowasourEnglishteacher.
注意事项:
(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时,语序不变:
What’swrong?
What’sthematter?
What’shappening?
eg:
Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.
Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?
Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是_________时态。
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.
Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.
DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的_________时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:
HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
特殊情况:
1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,任用现在时。
Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.
Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.
Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.
2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。
Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.
[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.
4)CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.
5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChao
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.
7)Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows_____________________________inthepicture?
8)Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9)Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.
11)Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12)What'shisname?
Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat____________________.
13)Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14)Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they_____friedchicken.15)WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
单项选择
1)Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.
A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./
答案:
D hope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句,that在句中没有任何意义,可以省略。
2)—Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.
—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.
A.whyB.whenC.howD.where
答案:
A 从下文的答语看,上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。
3)Ican’tremember________Ihaveseenhimbefore.
A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how
答案:
A 本句表达一种不确定的概念,用whether或if。
4)—Doyouknow________?
I’mgoingtoseehim.
—Sorry,Idon’tknow.
A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.Lilive
C.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived
答案:
C 宾语从句要用陈述语气,排除A、B两项。
从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿?
”。
5)—Wheredoyouthink________he________thecomputer?
—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.
A./;boughtB.has;bought
C.did;buyD.does;buy
答案:
A doyouthink是插入语,可以把它去掉,分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。
6)Ican’tunderstand________helikescomputergamessomuch.
A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where
答案:
C 句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。
7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Doyouknow________theMP3playerlastweek?
—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.
A.howmuchdidshepayforB.howmuchwillshepayfor
C.howmuchshepaidforD.howmuchshewillpayfor
答案:
C 宾语从句要用陈述语序,由此排除A、B两项,由lastweek判断应该用过去时态。
8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Idon’tknow________tomorrow.Canyoutellme?
A.whenwestartedB.whendidwestart
C.whenwewillstartD.whenwillwestart
答案:
C 由tomorrow判断,应该用将来时态表示。
经典例题
例1 Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
思路解析:
注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》,本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。
所以答案是D项。
答案:
D
黑色陷阱:
本题的主要陷阱是书名WhoMovedMyCheese,它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。
绿色通道:
在英语中,注意书名一般都是斜体的,且书名的首字母是大写的,注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。
例2 Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.
A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen
思路解析:
注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”,应该用when表示“当……时”,本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。
所以选D项。
答案:
D
黑色陷阱:
本句结构复杂,主要陷阱设置在when上,它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。
绿色通道:
做此类题,要慢慢理顺思路,不要钻牛角尖,当一种含义说不通时,从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。
例3 (2010江苏苏州中考)—Iwonder________.
—Zebras.
A.whatdotheycalltheseanimals
B.howtheycalltheseanimals
C.whattheycalltheseanimals
D.howdotheycalltheseanimals
思路解析:
本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”,排除B、D两项。
另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。
所以选C项。
答案:
C
黑色陷阱:
本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how,注意本句中隐含句型callsb.sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。
绿色通道:
解答本类题首先分析句意,确定引导词,然后看好语序和时态。
例4 (2010北京中考)I’mdifferentfrommytwinsister.Ilovedancing,________sheisinterestedinreading.
A.soB.orC.butD.and
思路解析:
本句是转折关系,选择C项。
答案:
C
黑色陷阱:
本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式,不细读题而误选D项。
绿色通道:
并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系,所以一定要把题读完再作判断。
例5 (2010重庆中考)Workhard,________youmaycatchupwithyourclassmatessoon.
A.orB.butC.andD.yet
思路解析:
本句是“祈使句+and”的句型,句意为“努力学习,你会很快赶上其他同学的”,and在句中表示承接关系,所以选C项。
答案:
C
黑色陷阱:
本题的陷阱是句型,本句型区别于“祈使句+or”,这个句型的含义是“……,不然的话/否则……”。
绿色通道:
祈使句后面既可以加and,也可以加or,所以要全面分析句意,再作决定
课堂练习:
()1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?
A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid
()2.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
()3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which
()4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.
A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping
C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping
()5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
()6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.
A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshome
C.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome
()7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?
A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend
()8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?
---Usuallyitcomesby4:
00.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
()9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?
---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.
A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostoffice
C.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice
()10.---CanIhelpyou?
---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?
A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit
()11.Hewantedtoknow___________.
A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstart
C.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld
()12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?
---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.
A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit
C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit
()13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?
A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat
()14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
()15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:
00tomorrow.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether
()16.---Couldyoutellme____________?
---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.
A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeeting
C.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting
()17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?
---Er,IwaswatchingEuro