届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四23页word版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四23页word版.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四23页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四

[一]

Youdon’thavetobeafanofmathtogetexcitedaboutPi（“π”）Day.Whiletheeventmaystartwithsomecalculations,itismorethanlikelytoconcludewithasliceortwoofdeliciouspie.TheholidayisheldeveryMarch14,because“π”iswidelyrecognizedas3.14.

Thetraditionofhonoring“π”beganatSanFrancisco’sExploratoriummuseum.OnMarch14,1988,physicistLarryShawconvincedhiscolleaguestomarkthedaybymarchingaroundoneofthemuseum’scircularspacesandconsumingfruitpies.Thecelebrationwasmadeofficialin2009whentheU．S.HouseofRepresentativessetasideMarch14asPiDay.

Today,PiDayisobservedinmanycreativeways.

StudentsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinLosAngeleshostapieeatingevent,whichbeginsat1：

59a．m.andfeatures26pies,eachoffivedifferentflavors.Thoughthatmightseemrandom,thedate（3.14）,time（159）,numberofpies（26）,andnumberofvarieties（5）recreatethefirstninedigitsof“π”：

3.14159265!

StudentsapplyingfortheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）inCambridgeeagerlywaitforthedayeveryyeartofindoutiftheyhavebeenaccepted.However,insteadofsendingouttheoffersat3：

14p．m.,theinstitutionwaitstill6：

28p．m.6.28isreferredtoas“tau”，whichis“π”multipliedby2.Thenumberisbelievedtobemuchmorereliablethan“π”bysomeexpertsandevenhasitsowncelebrationonJune28.Since2017,MIThasalsousedPiDayasafundraisertosupportitsstudents,departmentsandprograms.

ThisdayisalsoAlbertEinstein’sbirthday,sothetownofPrinceton,NewJersey,whereEinsteinliveduntilhisdeathin1955,celebratestheoccasionwithmultidayfestivitiesthatendonMarch14.Visitorscanparticipateinconcerts,shows,aswellaspieeating,pirecitation,andEinsteinlookalikecontests.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了圆周率日的起源、发展和各地的庆贺活动。

13．WherewasPiDayoriginallycelebrated?

A．InSanFrancisco.B．InLosAngeles.

C．InCambridge.D．InPrinceton.

解析：

选A　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“Thetraditionofhonoring‘π’beganatSanFrancisco’sExploratoriummuseum.”可知，该传统开始于美国旧金山探索馆，故A项正确。

14．WhenwasPiDaymadeanofficialholiday?

A．In1955.B．In1988.

C．In2009.D．In2017.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第二段第三句“Thecelebrationwasmadeofficialin2009whentheU．S.HouseofRepresentativessetasideMarch14asPiDay.”可知，2009年，美国众议院正式将3月14日定为圆周率日，故C项正确。

15．WhatdoesMITdoonPiDayaccordingtothepassage?

A．Informapplicantsofapplicationresults.

B．Conductacalculatingtest.

C．Organizeamarcharoundthecampus.

D．Makedessertsofdifferentflavors.

解析：

选A　推理判断题。

根据第五段第一句可知，每一年申请麻省理工学院（MIT）的学生们急切地等待着这一天，想要知道他们是否被录取。

据此可知，麻省理工学院在这一天告知申请者申请结果，故A项正确。

★16.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A．Toadvise.

B．Tomakeanintroduction.

C．Toargue.

D．Togiveanexplanation.

解析：

选B　写作意图题。

通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了圆周率日的起源、发展和各地的庆贺活动。

故B项正确。

[二]

WhenAriyahGeorgeswasborn15weeksearly,sheweighedonlyonepound,12ounces.Hermother,Jovan,knewhowimportantbreastfeedingwas,especiallyforapremature（早产的）babylikeAriyah,soshebeganpumpingmilktofeedherthroughatube.Buttwodayslater,Jovanfeltdizzyandfeverish—104Fahrenheitdegrees,infact.Shehadablooddiseaseandwasclosetofullshock.

ShewasseparatedfromothersfornearlytwoweeksattheregionalNorthernVirginiahospitalwhereshe’ddelivered.Duringthattime,shecouldstillpumpbreastmilk,butAriyahcouldn’tconsumeitbecauseoftheriskofinfection（感染）.Withoutit,thenewbornwasparticularlyeasilyaffectedbydiseases.Therearemanycaseslikethis,whichcreatestheneedforthemilkdonation.

Enterdonormilk—breastmilkpurchasedbyhospitalsformotherswhoaren’tabletoproduceenoughmilkontheirown,duetohealthcomplications,stresses,orotherfactors.Themilkcomesfrommilkbanks,organizationsthatcollectandscreenbreastmilkfromthosewomenwillingtodonate.Usuallyprocessedinintensive-careunits,themilkisonlyavailablebyprescription.

Inrecentyears,bothmilkbanksandtheuseofdonatedhumanmilkhaverisenswiftlyintheUnitedStates.In2011,22percentofNICUsuseddonorbreastmilk;fouryearslater,thatnumberdoubledtonearly40percent,andwentevenhigherforthemostintensiveNICUs—asmuchas75percent.Thereare23milkbanksintheUnitedStatesrecognizedbytheHumanMilkBankingAssociationofNorthAmerica,orHMBANA,doublethenumberthatexistedfiveyearsago.

Butasthedemandfordonormilkrises,banksmustfindmorecharitabledonors—ataskmademorecomplicatedbyinformalnetworksofmilksharingthathappensonline.Andmanyofthemostvulnerableinfantsarestillnotbeingreached.

8.What’stheproblemofAriyahwhenshewasborn?

A.Shehadashock.

B.Shewastoolight.

C.Shehadabloodinfection.

D.Shefeltdizzyandfeverish.

9.What’stheinfluenceifamomhasnobreastmilk?

A.Themomcanstillpumpbreastmilk.

B.Themomwillhavetostayatthehospital.

C.Thebabywillbeseparatedfromothers.

D.Itismorelikelyforthebabytocatchadisease.

10.WhatisthepurposeofusingfiguresinParagraph4?

A.Tocallhealthymomstodonatebreastmilk.

B.Toshowthedemandchangeofdonatedhumanmilk.

C.Toshowtheshortageofbreastmilkinmilkbanks.

D.Toraisetheawarenessoftheimportanceofbreastmilk.

11.Wherewouldyoumostprobablyseethetextabove?

A.Inahistoricalfiction.

B.Inasciencemagazine.

C.Inanentertainmentnewspaper.

D.Inatextbook.

【答案】8.B9.D10.B11.B

【解析】

本文为说明文。

文章通过AriyahGeorges对母乳的需求引出社会现象——社会对于母乳捐赠需求量急剧增长，这导致美国的母乳银行必须要找更多的捐赠者，这使得发生在网上的非正式捐赠网络变得复杂，而最脆弱的婴儿仍然得不到母乳。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。

根据文章第一段WhenAriyahGeorgeswasborn15weeksearly,sheweighedonlyonepound,12ounces.可知，AriyahGeorges因为早出生15周，所以只有一磅十二盎司，也就是体重太轻。

所以B正确。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。

根据文章第二段Withoutit,thenewbornwasparticularlyeasilyaffectedbydiseases.可知，孩子如果得不到母乳可能会生病，所以D正确。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。

根据文章第四段第一句话Inrecentyears,bothmilkbanksandtheuseofdonatedhumanmilkhaverisenswiftlyintheUnitedStates.可知，本段主要讲述在美国近年来捐赠的母乳急剧增多，所以B正确。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。

文章主要讲述了社会对于母乳捐赠的需求量增加这一社会现象，所以可以推出出自科学杂志，A.Inahistoricalfiction.历史小说，C.Inanentertainmentnewspaper.娱乐报纸，D.Inatextbook.教科书，明显不符合常识。

故选B。

[三]

“Sorryseemstobethehardestword”—thatisoneofEltonJohn’smostpopularsongs.Butnoteverypublicfigureseemstofinditsotoughtosaythatpowerfulfiveletterword.

Inrecentdayspublicfigures,frompoliticianstostars,haveallpubliclyexpressedremorse.Butwithsomuchremorse,howcanwetellaforcedapologyfromaheartfeltexpressionofremorse?

Specifically,sayingsorryshouldbearealizationthatsomethingyouhavesaidordonehashurtsomeoneandyouwanttomakeamends（弥补）,“Peoplewanttheresponsetobepersonaltothem.Theywanttofeelthatthey’rebeinglistenedtoandtakenseriously，”saysMartinStone.

Firstly,itisimportanttoshowthatyouunderstand.Itisvitalthatanygrouporapersonmakinganapologyunderstandsthefocus—isitsorryforthewayit’sactedorisitsorrythatthecomplainantfeelsthewaytheydo?

Watchoutforthespeedofresponse.Thequickertheapologycomes,thebetteritindicatesthatthepersonmakingithasfeltanimmediatesenseofguilt.

Ifsincere,thepersonmakingtheapologywillbelookingforclues（线索）toseeifheorsheisbeingunderstood,suchaseyecontactandfacialexpressions.Performedapologiesalwayshaveasenseofbeing“actedout”，andareoftenaccompaniedbytoomanyunnaturalgestures.

Forasincereapology,itisalsoimportanttoavoidpromisesthatcan’tbekept.Don’tsaythatyou’llmakesurethatthiswillnothappenagainifyou’renotconfidentthatitwon’t.Itcouldcomebacktobiteyou.Anddorememberthattheuseof“but”canhugelychangethetone（语气）ofanapology.AsStonepointsout,“I’msorrybut...”soundslikeyouaremakingexcusesandaren’tactuallytakinganyformofresponsibility.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

如何辨别道歉是真心还是假意？

文章给你提出了一些建议。

★1.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A．Toexplainwhatagoodapologyis.

B．Todiscusshowtogiveaformalapology.

C．Toshowwhyweshouldapologizeinlife.

D．Toteachushowtotellifanapologyissincere.

解析：

选D　写作意图题。

通读全文，尤其根据第二段的第二句可知，本文主要告诉我们如何分辨一个人的道歉是真心还是假意。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“remorse”probablymean?

A．Pain.　　　　　　B．Worry.

C．Regret.D．Doubt.

解析：

选C　词义猜测题。

结合第一段的“Butnoteverypublicfigureseemstofinditsotoughtosaythatpowerfulfiveletterword.”可知，最近一些公众人物公开致歉，也就是表达“懊悔”，对于他们来说道歉并不是那么难的事情。

3．Whichofthefollowingindicatesit’sa“performed”apology?

A．Swearingitwillnothappenagain.

B．Avoidingeyecontactwiththelistener.

C．Showingyouunderstandhis/herfeelings.

D．Payingattentiontothelistener’sreaction.

解析：

选B　推理判断题。

根据第六段的内容可知，如果一个人是真心表达歉意，他会关注道歉对象的反应，比如用眼神交流或者观察面部表情。

假意的道歉则不会这么做。

4．Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?

A．Theattitude.B．Thetoneofvoice.

C．Thebodylanguage.D．Thechoiceoflanguage.

解析：

选D　细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“avoidpromisesthatcan’tbekept”和“theuseof‘but’”可知，最后一段是针对道歉的语言选择给出了建议。

[四]

Facebooksaysitisworkingontechnologytoallowustocontrolcomputersdirectlywithourbrains.Itisdeveloping“silentspeech”softwaretoallowpeopletotypeatarateof100wordsperminute.

Theproject,initsearlystages,willrequirenewtechnologytodetectbrainwaveswithoutneedinginvasivesurgery.“Wearenottalkingaboutdecoding（译）yourrandomthoughts，”assuredFacebook’sReginaDugan.“We’retalkingaboutdecodingthosewords.”

MsDuganisthecompany’sheadofBuilding8,thefirm’shardwareresearchlab.Thecompanysaiditintendstobuildboththehardwareandsoftwaretoachieveitsgoal,andhasenlistedateamofmorethan60scienti