新视野大学英语第三版Book3Unit8知识点总结.docx
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新视野大学英语第三版Book3Unit8知识点总结
Book3Unit8教材总结
TextA
一、单词
Newwords
baffle
vt.
confusesb.completely;betoodifficultorstrangeforsb.tounderstandorexplain使困惑;难住
ThemysterythatbaffledhimmostwasJos'suddendisappearancefromthelakesidecottage.最让他困惑的谜团是乔斯在湖边小屋的突然失踪。
provocative
a.
intendedtomakepeopleangryorupset;intendedtomakepeopleargueaboutsth.挑衅的;煽动的;引起争端的
Forourconservativesmalltown,"sexualharassmentattheworkplace"wasaparticularlyprovocativetopic.对我们这个风气比较保守的小镇来说,“工作场所的性骚扰”是特别令人义愤填膺的话题。
opinionated
a.
havingverystrongopinionsthatyouarenotwillingtochange固执己见的;顽固的
EversinceI'veknownBetty,shehasbeenveryopinionated,andshethinksthatsheisrightabouteverything.自从我认识贝蒂起,她一直都十分固执,认为自己每件事都是对的。
dispense
vt.(fml.)
1(~with)notuseordosth.thatpeopleusu.useordo,becauseitisnotnecessary(因无必要而)摒弃;不用(做)
Youcanapplyforalicensefromyourlocalcouncil,whichmeansthatyoucandispensewiththeformality.你可以向当地委员会申请一个许可证,从而就可以省掉正式手续。
2givesth.topeople,esp.infixedamounts(尤指以固定数额)分发,分配(某物)
AsoupkitchenwassetupbytheRedCrosswhichdispensedfoodtooverathousandrefugees.红十字会设立了施舍处,为一千多难民分发食物。
courtesy
n.
1[C]sth.youdoorsaytobepolite礼貌的行为(言语)
Whenhikinginthehills,wemetayoungman,exchangedcourtesies,andtalkedforawhile.当我们在山中徒步游玩的时候,碰见了一个年轻人,我们互致问候,并聊了一会儿。
2[U]politebehaviorandrespectforotherpeople有礼的举止;礼貌
I'mupsetbecauseyoudidn'tevenhavethecourtesytoinformmethatImightnotbegivingthelecturewhichI'vepreparedfornextweek.我很难过,因为你甚至都没有礼节性地通知我:
我为下周准备好的演讲不能做了。
obese
a.
(fml.ormedical)(ofpeople)veryfat,inawaythatisnothealthy臃肿的;虚胖的;病态肥胖的
Weoftenfindthatteenagegirlswhoarejustslightlyoverweightseethemselvesasmassivelyobese.我们常常发现十几岁的小女孩稍微超重就认为自己极其肥胖了。
gorge
v.
eatordrinksomuchofsth.thatyoucannoteatordrinkanymore拼命吃喝;塞饱
Lukedoesn'teatmuchinthepresenceofhismother;yet,everytimesheisaway,hegorgeshimselfwithpizza,icecream,candiesandotherjunkfood.妈妈在场的时候,卢克吃得不多,然而每次趁她不在的时候,他都狼吞虎咽,大吃比萨、冰淇淋、糖果和其他垃圾食品。
n.
[C]adeepnarrowvalleywithsteepsides(山)峡;峡谷
Webelievethatitisthewaterfromthespringthatmakestheriverthatsnakesalongthegorgeafewhundredmetersaway.我们相信是泉水形成了几百米外沿峡谷蜿蜒流淌的小河。
humane
a.
showingkindnesstowardpeopleandanimalsbymakingsurethattheydonotsuffermorethanisnecessary善良的;仁慈的;人道的
Tohaveanidealworld,ourinternationalcommunityneedstoendwars,hungeranddiseaseandaimforajustandhumanesociety.为了实现理想世界,国际社会需要结束战争,消除饥饿和疾病,建立一个公平人道的社会。
ideological
a.
basedonstrongbeliefsorideas,esp.politicaloreconomicideas思想上的;思想体系的;意识形态的
Despitewideideologicaldisagreements,theyremainedfriends,mutuallyrespectfulandmutuallysupporting.他们尽管意识形态上存在巨大的分歧,但依然是朋友,相互尊敬,相互支持。
cradle
vt.
holdsth.gently,asiftoprotectit轻拥;轻抱;捧住
Hecradledthebabyinhisarms,hishandscuppinghertinyskull.他轻轻地抱住婴儿,双手捧着她的小脑袋。
n.
[C]asmallbedforababywhichcanbepushedgentlyfromsidetoside摇篮
Whenthenewbabywasborn,hergrandparentsbroughtoverthebeautifuloldhand-madecradle,whichtheyhadsavedsincetheirchildrenhadoutgrownit.宝宝出生的时候,外公外婆带来了手工制作的漂亮老式摇篮,这摇篮他们在自己的儿女长大不用后就一直保存至今。
insulate
vt.
1(~sb./sth.from/against)protectsb.orsth.fromunpleasantexperiencesorinfluences使免除(不愉快的经历);使免受(不良影响);隔离
Allaroundtheworld,extremelywealthypeoplelivearatherprotectedlifestyleandareinsulatedfromthesufferinglivesofthepoorallaroundthem.纵观世界,巨富之人的生活都是被重重保护起来的,不受周围贫苦民众苦难生活的影响。
2protectsth.withamaterialthatpreventsheat,sound,electricity,etc.frompassingthrough使隔热;使隔音;使绝缘
Theroofisadequatelyinsulatedagainstextremelyhotorextremelycoldweather.屋顶对极热和极冷的天气隔绝效果很好。
presumption
n.
1[C,U](law)theactofsupposingthatsth.istrue,althoughithasnotyetbeenprovedorisnotcertain推定;假定;假设
IcannotmakeastatementaboutJohn'scomplaintsagainsthisneighborsbasedonpresumptionssinceIdon'treallyknowanythingabouthiscase.我不能仅凭推测就对约翰投诉邻居发表意见,因为我确实对这个案子一无所知。
2[C]sth.thatisthoughttobetrueorprobable可能的事;认为真实的事
Thereisageneralpresumptionthatfattyfoodsarebadforyourheart.人们普遍认为含脂肪多的食物对心脏不好。
milestone
n.[C]
1averyimportantstageoreventinthedevelopmentofsth.重要事件;转折点;里程碑
Ritualsmarkaperson'smilestonesinlifeandatwork,andtheybringmembersofthefamilytogethertocelebratethosemoments.各种仪式标志着一个人生活和工作中的重要事件,能够将家庭成员聚在一起庆祝这些重要时刻。
2astonebythesideofaroadthatshowshowfaritistothenexttownandtootherplaces里程碑
Thegroupofhikers,tiredandthirsty,hopedthatthenextmilestonemightbereachedsoon.这群远足者又累又渴,希望很快就能到达下一个里程碑。
hesitant
a.
slowtospeakoractbecauseyoufeeluncertain,embarrassedorunwilling犹豫的;踌躇的;不情愿的
Billwasalittlehesitantatfirsttospeakbeforeanaudience,buthequicklyblossomedintoaneloquentspeaker.比尔在听众面前刚开始说话有点犹犹豫豫,但很快变得能言善辩。
intellect
n.
1[C,U]theabilitytounderstandthingsandtothinkintelligently才智;理解能力;思维能力
Thispostgraduatecourseshapesintellectandenthusiasm,anditprovidespracticalandprofessionalskills.这门研究生课程培养学生的思维能力和热情,并传授实际的专业技能。
2[C]sb.whoisveryintelligent才智出众者
Heisafirst-rateintellectandheimpressespeoplewithhisorganizationandhisthoughtfulness.他才智一流,组织能力和深思熟虑令人印象深刻。
gross
a.
1veryunpleasant令人不快的;令人恶心的;使人厌恶的
Itriedtoeatthetablets.TheyweresogrossthatIspitthemoutagain.我想把这些药片吃下去,但太难吃了,我又吐了出来。
2(onlybeforenoun)beingthetotalamountofsth.beforeanythingistakenaway总的;毛的
Insomecountriestoday,grossinvestmentaccountsforroughly15percentofnationalincome.在今天的某些国家,投资总额大约占到了本国收入的15%。
irrespective
ad.
(~of)usedwhensayingthataparticularfacthasnoeffectonasituationandisnotimportant不受某事物影响;不考虑某事物;不问某事物
Thewayyouapproachpracticegreatlyaffectshowmuchyouimprove,irrespectiveofyourtalent.不管你才能如何,你的训练方式会极大地影响进展程度。
disposal
n.
[U]theprocessofgettingridofsth.丢掉;清除;处理
Thenewbillwillalsoplaceadutyoncouncilmemberstoincluderecyclingintheirwastedisposalplans.新法案还将使议员们承担职责,把垃圾的回收利用包含在废物处理计划中。
hardy
a.
strongandhealthyandabletobeardifficultlivingconditions能吃苦耐劳的;坚强的;强壮的
Afewhardyjoggerswereoutrunninginthecold.几个强健的慢跑锻炼者正在户外的寒冷天气中跑步。
Confucian
a.
oforrelatingtoConfuciusorConfucianism(与)孔子(有关)的;(与)儒家(或儒学、儒教)(有关)的
BusinessinChinaisstillconductedinatraditionalConfucianmannerwherepolitenessandthesearchforconstructiverelationshipsareoftheessence,andsuccessfulbusinessfollowstheestablishmentofsuchrelationships.在中国,做生意仍然以传统的儒家方式进行,十分讲究“礼”和建设性的“关系”,在建立各种关系后生意才会成功。
doctrine
n.
[C,U]abelieforsetofbeliefsheldandtaughtbyachurch,politicalparty,orothergroup教义;主义;学说;信条
Thedoctrinewasbasedonthreefundamentalprinciples.该学说基于三个基本原则。
clash
vi.
1(ofbeliefs,ideasorpersonalities)beverydifferentandopposedtoeachother迥然不同;不相容;抵触
Iwantyoutohaveyourownthoughtsandfeelings,eveniftheyclashwithmine.我想让你拥有自己的思想和感受,即使它们和我的迥然不同。
2cometogetherandfightorcompeteinacontest打斗;冲突;比赛
Eileendidn'tintendto,butsheclashedwithaconceitedwomanwhilevisitingafashionshow.艾琳观看时装秀的时候,和一位傲慢的女士发生了冲突,尽管她不是故意的。
offspring
n.
[C](pl.offspring)aperson'schildorchildren子女;子孙;后代
Genesarethestructuresthatcarryinheritanceinformationfromparentstooffspring.基因是父母传递给子女的遗传信息结构。
infringe
vt.
dosth.thatisagainstalaworsb.'slegalrights违背;触犯(法律)
Itsuggestedthatsecondmarriageswouldsubstantiallyinfringetherightsofinheritanceofthemembersofthefirstfamily.这意味着再婚将极大地侵害前一个家庭成员的继承权利。
curfew
n.[C,U]
1(AmE)thetime,decidedbyaparent,bywhichachildmustbehomeorasleepintheevening(父母规定的)儿童晚间必须回家(睡觉)的时间
Fathersandmothersmustunderstandthewisdomandpurposeofanighttimecurfewforteenagers.父母们必须要理解给青少年规定晚上回家时间的智慧和目的。
2alawthatforcespeopletostayindoorsafteraparticulartimeatnight,orthetimepeoplemustbeindoors宵禁令;宵禁时间
Duringthewartime,peopleusuallywentbackhomeasearlyaspossiblebecausetheeveningcurfewapplied.战时,因为夜间宵禁令的实施,人们通常会尽早回家。
defiance
n.
[U]openrefusaltoobeysb.orsth.违抗;反对;拒绝服从
Thecommitteewassatisfiedthatthegestureofdefiancebythechairremainedwithinrulesandhadbeenwellhandledbytheboardofdirectors.主席的对抗姿态并不违反规定,而且已由董事会很好地解决,委员会对此很满意。
indignation
n.
[U]feelingsofangerandsurprisebecauseyoufeelinsultedorunfairlytreated愤怒;愤慨;义愤
Thepoliceofficersandbodyguardshavetoprotectpublicspeakerswhomayarouseaudienceindignationorworse.警察和保镖必须保护那些会引发听众愤怒甚至更糟情形的公共演讲者。
obedience
n.[U]
thepracticeofdoingwhatsb.tellsyoutodo,orofobeyingalaworrule服从;顺从;遵纪守法
Childrenweretaughttoshowtheirparentsobedience,duty,andrespect.孩子们接受的教育就是顺从、本分以及尊重父母。
extinguish
vt.
1destroyanideaorfeeling,ormakeitstopexisting使(想法、感情)破灭;使消亡
Continuingbudgetcutsineducationquicklyextinguishedanyhopesforaffordablepubliceducation.教育预算的持续削减很快就使希望公共教育能负担得起的所有想法破灭了。
2makeafirestopburningoralightstopshining熄灭;扑灭
Whenafirestarts,detecting,containingandextinguishingtheflamesarethethreemainprinciplesofimmediateaction.火灾发生时,探测、控制、扑灭火焰是采取及时行动的三个主要原则。
submission
n.
1[U]theactofacceptingthatsb.hasdefeatedyouandthatyoumustobeythem屈服;投降;归顺
Thearmyintendstotakethecityorsimplystarveitintosubmission.军队打算攻占这个城市,或者直接以饥饿迫其屈服。
2[C,U]theactofgivingaplan,pieceofwriting,etc.tosb.inauthorityforthemtoconsiderorapprove,ortheplan,pieceofwriting,etc.itself呈送;提交;呈递;提交的计划(作品等)
Theapplicationforabui