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沪教版英语八年级上册U1U8Reading原文
Unit1Encyclopaedias
Lookitup!
Herearetwoarticlesfromanencyclopaedia.
DaVinci,Leonardo
LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)wasanItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientist.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.Healsohadmanyinventions.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.(SeeArt)
Dinosaurs
DinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.TheylivedeverywhereonEarth.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.Somecouldevendinosaursateplants.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatlivedonEarthformorethan150millionyears.Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.However,wecanlearnaboutthemfromtheirfossils.(SeeEarthhistory)
Module1
CVocabulary
C1Thewordsinitalicsarefromthetwoarticles.Circlethecorrectanswerstocompletethesesentences.
1Whensomebodyisborn,he/she.
acomesoutofhis/hermother'sbodycleaveshis/herparentsbgoestoseeadoctor
2Benny'sgrandparentsliveinthecountryside.Theylivethecity.
ainsideboutsidecinthecentreof
3Birdshaveamusicalability.Theysing.
acanbcannotcarehappyto
4Thebookincludessomebeautifulphotos.Thesephotosarethebook.
apartofbattheendofcconnectedto
5Ahumanbeingisa(n).
aanimalbmachinecperson
C2Completethearticlebelowwiththewordsfromthebox.Changetheirformsifnecessary.
evenhoweverinventionnotebookperhapsscientist
WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtokeepa.Iwrotemanypoemsanddrewmanypicturesofdifferentinwerenotverygood,buttheyhelpedmethinkanddream.NowIamafamousandIdomanyimportantjourneybeganwhenIwasatschool,withmystudies,andmypoemsandpictures.Iwasastudentjustlikeyou.youwilldosomethingimportantorbecomefamousoneday.Justremembertothinkandtodream.
DComprehension
D1Belowaresomenotesabouttheencyclopaediaarticles,butsomeofthefactsarewrong.Readthearticlesandcorrectthenotesifnecessary.
1DaVinci,Leonardo
ahelivedfrom1425to1519.
bHewasborninthecity.
cHeshowedgreatartisticabilityfromanearlyage.
dHeisfamousforhispaintingsandbooks.
2Dinosaurs
aTheylivedonEarthmorethan60thousandyearsbeforehumanbeings.
bSomewereSmall;otherswerehuge.
cAllofthematemeat.
dSomediedoutSuddenly.
D2Readthearticlesagainandcompletetheanswerstothequestionsbelow.
1WhowasLeonardodaVinci?
Hewas.
2Whatishismostfamouspainting?
Itis.
3Whatdiddinosaurseat?
Manyofthemate.Somelikedtoeat.
4HowlongdiddinosaursliveonEarthbeforetheydisappeared?
TheylivedonEarthfor.
5Flowcanwelearnaboutdinosaurstoday?
Wecanlearnaboutthem.
Morepractice
AReadthefollowingencyclopaediaarticleaboutbigattractionsinAustraliaandanswerthequestionsbelow.
Australia'sbigattractions
Australiaisaverybigcountry.Italsohasmanybigattractions.
TheBigBanana
TheBigBananaisinCoffsHarbour.Itwasmadein1964byjohnLandy.Landywantedsomethingtomakepeoplecometohisfruitshop,sohebuilttheBigBanana.Theideaworked.ManypeoplevisitedhisfruitshopandtookpicturesoftheBigBanana.SoonpeoplealloverAustraliabeganmakingbigthings.
TheBigMerino
TheBigMerinoisinthecityofGoulburn.Merinosareatypeofsheep.Theycanliveindryweather.SomeplacesinAustraliaareverydry,sothesesheepareveryimportanttothefarmersthere.InsidetheBigMerino,thereisasmallmuscun'.aboutthehistoryofwoolinAustralia.VisitorscanalsoclimbuptotheBigMerino'sheadandlookattheviewthroughitseyes.
1WhenwastheBigBananabuilt?
2WhywastheBigBananabuilt?
3WhyaremerinosimportanttothefarmersinAustralia?
4WhatcanyoufindinsidetheBigMerino?
5WhatcanyoudoinsidetheBigMerino'shead?
Unit2Numbers
Thekingandtherice
Alongtimeago,therewasakinginIndia.Theking’sfavouritegamewaschess.
Oneday,awiseoldmancametothepalaceandthekingchallengedhimtoagame.Thekingpromisedtheoldman,“Youcanhaveanyprizeifyouwinthegame.”
Theoldmansaid,“IfIwinthegame,I’dlikeonegrainofriceforthefirstsquareofthechessboard,twoforthesecond,fourforthethird,andthendoubletheamountforeachoftherestofthesquares.”
“Isthatall?
”askedtheking.“Wouldn’tyoulikegoldorsilverinstead?
”
“No,justrice,”repliedtheoldman.
Thekingandtheoldmanplayedthegameforalongtime.Finally,theoldmanwon.Sothekingorderedhismentocollectabagofrice.Heputonegrainonthefirstsquare,twoonthesecond,andsoon.Thekingquicklyrealizedtheproblem---evenwithallthericeinthecountry,hewouldstillnothaveenoughricetoputonallthesquares!
CVocabulary
C1Thewordsinitalicsarefromthestory.Matchthetwohalvesofthesesentencestomakethemmeaningful.
1Whenyouaskawisepersonforhelp,ayoutellhim/herthatyouwillgivehim/herthe
presentforsure.
2Ifyoupromisesomebodyapresentbyouknowsomethingiswrong.
3Ifyougetaprizeinagame,cyougetthenumber4.
4Whenyoudoublethenumber2.dyouwanthim/hertogiveyougoodadvice.
5Whenyourealizetheproblem,eyouwinsomethingfordoingverywell.
C2Completethestorybelowwiththewordsfromthebox.Changetheirformsifnecessary.
doubleprizepromiserealizewise
Ayoungmanoncetalkedtoaoldman."Iwonaandhavealittlegoldnow,butIwantmuchmore,"hesaid."Canyouhelpme?
"
Theoldmanlookedathim."Icanteachyouhowtomakemoremoneyifyoutofollowmyadvice."heyoungmanagreed.Thentheoldmantooktheyoungmantoawindow."Lookoutside,"hesaid."Icanseenothingbutanemptyfield,"theyoungmansaid."
Useyourmoneytobuythisfield,"saidtheoldman,"andgrowsomecotton.Inayear,youcansellthecottonandyourmoney."
Theyoungmanwhattheoldmanmeant.Fromthenonhewasnotlazyanymore.Heworkedhardallyearround.
DComprehension
D1Readthestoryonpage19andcompletethetablebelow.
Wherethestorytookplace
.
Whowasinthestory
thekinganda.
Whathappenedinthestory
Thebeginning
Thekingchallengedtoagame.Thekingpromisedtogivehimifhewonthegame.
Themiddle
Theyplayedthegamefor.
Theending
wonthegame,butthekingdidnothavetogivehim.
D2Findfactsinthestorytosupportthesestatementsabouttheking.Writedownthefacts.
1Thekinglovedtoplaygames.(Theking'sfavourite...)
2Thekingthoughttheoldmanaskedtoolittlefortheprize.("Isthatall?
"...)
3Thekingdidnothaveenoughricefortheoldman.(Thekingquicklyrealized...)
Morepractice
Readtheonlinearticleandthencompletetheflowchartaboutthedevelopmentofcountingmethods.
Countingbeforenumbers
Beforetheinventionofwrittennumbers,peopleusedmanydifferentwaystocountthings.
Atfirst,peopleusedtheirfingers,andeveiitheirtoes.However,theycouldonlycountsmallnumbersinthisway.
Afterthat,theybegantomakesmallmarksonsticksandbones.Thishelpedthemcountbiggernumbers.Theyusedthemtocountthingslikethedaysofthemonth,theamountoffoodandthenumberofanimalstheyhad.
Thenpeoplebegantousetokensmadefromclayorsmallstones.Thishelpedthemcountevenbiggernumbers.Theyoftenputthetokensonpiecesofstringsothattheycouldcarrythemaroundeasily.Thisdevelopedintotoolsliketheabacus.
Finally,peoplebegantodevelopsystemsofwrittenmarkstoshowdifferentnumbers,andthisledtotheHindu-Arabicsystem(0-9).Wearestillusingthissystemtoday.
First,peopleused.
Afterthat,theymade.
Thentheyused.
finally,theybegantodevelop.
Thisledto.
Unit3Computers
Computerfacts
Smallerandbetter
Inthe1940s,thefirstcomputerswerebiggerthancars.Nowcomputersarebecomingsmallerandcomputersaretiny.Youmaybeunawareofthem.ThereisprobablyoneinsideyourTVorwashingmachine.Youdependoncomputersmorethanyourealize.
Whatcanwedowithcomputers?
Wecanusecomputerstocalculate.Theycancalculateatafasterspeedthanwecanandalmostnevergivewronganswers.Wecanalsotypeanddrawthingswiththem.Inaddition,computerscandoimportantjobslikeoperatingrailwaysandflyingplanesandspaceships.
Isacomputerclevererthanme?
Theansweris“No”.Yourbraincanproducenewideasbutcomputerscannot.However,onedaycomputersmaybeabletoabetterjobthanhumanbeings.Forexample,theymaybebetterthandoctorsatdoingtheirjob.
Whatwillhappentousifcomputerscandoallourjobs?
Willwehavenothingtodo?
Computersmaychangeourlives,butwilltheymakethembetter?
CVocabulary
C1Thewordsinitalicsexplainthemeaningsofsomewords.Findthesewordstocompletethesentences.Changetheirformsifnecessary.
1ifsomethingisverysmall,itis
2Somevotingpeoplealwaysneedhelpfromtheirparents.Theyshouldlearntothemselves.
3Wehadfunandlearntsomethingnewaswell.Wehadagoodtime.,welearntalot.
4Whenwemakeamachinework,weit.
C2Completetheconversationbelowwiththewordsfromthebox.
dependonexpensiveinadditionspeed
Mark:
Iboughtanewcomputer.
Helen:
Why?
Mark:
Iboughtmyfirstcomputerfiveyearsago.Iusedita